RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in BI-RADS3 breast lesions. METHODS: Between January 2004 and December 2007, 337 cases from BI-RADS3 lesions underwent FNAC. Three to six needle passes were made on each patient. In 67 cases (20%) a histological biopsy was performed. Cytological and histological interpretations were performed by the same pathologist. RESULTS: The histological diagnosis showed that 88% (59/67) of BI-RADS3 breast lesions were benign. Only 6% (4/67) were malignant, consisting of ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrating ductal carcinoma. CONCLUSION: BI-RADS3 lesions remain disruptive in their management. However, the correlation between cytology and histology showed that most of these lesions were benign and that finally FNAC remains a useful and accurate test in the management of these lesions.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha Fina/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Mama/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Paget disease of the nipple is a rare disease characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells within the squamous epithelium of the nipple. The most common hypothesis to explain the development of Paget's disease is an intraepithelial epidermotropic migration of malignant epithelial cells originating from an underlying intraductal carcinoma. Although the immunohistochemical properties of Paget cells in the nipple have been extensively studied, their proliferating characteristics remain paradoxically poorly studied. In the present study we have investigated the proliferating activity of Paget cells in the nipple by using double stain immunohistochemistry with both Ki-67 (a protein which is expressed in all active parts of the cell cycle) and cytokeratin 7 (a highly sensitive marker of Paget cells). Ten cases of Paget's disease and the associated intraductal carcinomas (n = 10) and/or invasive carcinomas (n = 4) were tested. The mean Ki-67 index was in Paget's disease (26% +/- 10), in intraductal carcinomas (23% +/- 8) and/or in invasive carcinomas (20% +/- 8) (p > 0.05). This is the first report to convincingly demonstrate by specific double stain immunohistochemistry that Paget's disease and underlying intraductal carcinomas share a close proliferating activity.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Mamilos/patologia , Doença de Paget Mamária/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Queratina-7/análise , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Paget Mamária/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic rejection remains a leading cause of allograft loss. Histologically, it is characterized by arterial intimal thickening and parenchymal fibrosis. The immune mechanisms triggering chronic rejection are still uncompletely understood. METHODS: We performed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class H-incompatible skin grafts from C-H2bm12 (bm12, H2bm12) into C57BL/6 (C57BL/6, H2b) recipients immunosuppressed with a short course of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies to prevent acute rejection. RESULTS: More than 80% of grafts survived for prolonged periods, but eventually all displayed macroscopic and microscopic evidence of chronic rejection. At histology, there was a progressive arterial intimal thickening as well as intense dermal fibrosis. This was accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and macrophages, but also of a considerable number of eosinophils. Mice with chronic rejection were unable to generate anti-donor MHC class II cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity at either 20 or 60 days after transplant. Furthermore, transplantation of bm12 skins on C57BL/6-congenic, Ig knock-out mice was associated with the development of a chronic rejection that was identical to that occurring in wild-type C57BL/6 animals, indicating that alloantibodies are not necessary in this model. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Skin grafts may undergo chronic rejection with the characteristic lesions of vasculopathy and fibrosis; (2) chronic rejection of MHC class II-disparate skins may occur in the absence of direct cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity or alloantibodies.
Assuntos
Complexo CD3/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/análise , Transplante de Pele/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/terapia , Imunoglobulinas/deficiência , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Transplante de Pele/efeitos adversos , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/fisiologia , Doenças Vasculares/etiologiaRESUMO
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of uterine cervix is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We report here 2 new cases in which DNA sequences from human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 and 18 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To the best of our knowledge, HPV infection has not been previously described in similar cases occuring in European women. Moreover, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is frequently associated with cervical LELC in Asian women, was absent in our 2 cases. These results suggest that HPVs but not EBV can play a role in the pathogenesis of LELC occuring in women originating from Western countries.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Papillomaviridae , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Colo do Útero/patologia , Colo do Útero/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/patologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
Osteoarticular amyloidosis occurred in a patient receiving long term haemodialysis. Histological examination showed that the amyloid deposit was surrounded by inflammatory cells and macrophages filled with haemosiderin. Electron microscopy showed that the amyloid fibrils were in close contact with cytoplasmic expansions, or located in intracytoplasmic pockets of the infiltrating cells. Immunohistological and immunoultrastructural observations confirmed that beta 2-microglobulin was a major constituent of amyloidosis associated with dialysis. Amyloid P component was also detected within the amyloid deposits. These findings suggest that amyloid P component, iron overload, or macrophage derived factors could have a role in the polymerisation of beta 2-microglobulin into amyloid deposit.
Assuntos
Amiloidose/etiologia , Doenças Ósseas/etiologia , Artropatias/etiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Amiloide/análise , Osso e Ossos/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Cabeça do Fêmur/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/análise , Microglobulina beta-2/análiseRESUMO
A colorimetric microplate hybridization assay was developed previously to simplify detection procedures of DNA fragments resulting from polymerase chain reactions (PCR). This format has now been adapted for the simultaneous detection and identification of three human papillomavirus (HPV), types 16, 18 and 33, associated frequently with cervical cancer. This post-PCR detection system uses three type-specific capture oligonucleotides linked covalently to a single microplate well and three type-specific multibiotinylated oligonucleotidic probes for detection. It therefore offers a double specificity; the first is conferred by pairs of primers, specific of each type of virus tested, and the second, by the sets of capture and detection probes which are complementary to internal regions of the amplified DNA fragments. The detection format outperformed agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified DNA products in sensitivity and specificity. The rapidity and simplicity of this hybridisation system would justify its use in routine diagnostic examination of cervical specimens (smears and biopsies).
Assuntos
Colorimetria/métodos , DNA Viral/análise , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/genética , Papillomaviridae/genética , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/patologiaRESUMO
Previous PCR-based studies have demonstrated the presence of various viral DNA or RNA sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissues. To date, only human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences are found consistently in KS. The putative role of this agent in KS pathogenesis remains, however, to be determined; HHV-8 could infect populations endemically and could be reactivated in patients with KS. A close association between AIDS-related KS and molluscum contagiosum occurrence was found and this study was conducted primarily to search for the presence of molluscum contagiosum virus DNA sequences in KS. Frozen KS samples were examined for the presence of both HHV-8 and molluscum contagiosum virus DNA sequences by PCR. Despite a high rate of co-infection, no molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) DNA sequence could be found in the KS samples whereas HHV-8 was uniformly detected. These results suggest that the high prevalence of MCV in AIDS patients with KS relies on a mode of transmission common for HHV-8 and molluscum contagiosum virus rather than on a multiviral etiology of KS. They may also indicate a particular susceptibility of the host to viral reactivation. If this is so, the failure to detect MCV DNA sequences in KS tissues by PCR indicates that locally produced or released cyotokines are not involved in the latter process.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/virologia , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virologia , Fibroblastos/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 8/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 8/isolamento & purificação , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Vírus do Molusco Contagioso/genética , Pele/virologiaRESUMO
We report on a lymphoedematous form of classic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in which characteristic purplish lesions were surrounded by atypical oedematous, flesh-coloured papules. Histological examination of these papular lesions revealed a proliferation of grouped, rather thick-walled capillaries with inflammatory infiltrates. Hot-start PCR amplification with KS 330-233 primer sequences demonstrated the presence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) sequences. In addition, cells isolated from these oedematous papules showed morphological and immunohistochemical features similar to those reported for KS-derived spindle cells. As a whole, these results suggest that these oedematous papular lesions represent pre-KS lesions and may expand the clinico-pathological spectrum of KS. The role of oedema in their induction is discussed.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Herpesvirus Humano 8/isolamento & purificação , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Idoso , Biópsia por Agulha , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Infecções por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Herpesviridae/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the tolerance to vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E7 (in SB adjuvant ASO2B) and its histological and immunohistological effects on HPV16 associated high-grade cervical dysplasias associated with HPV16. STUDY DESIGN: Five patients with histologically demonstrated severe cervical dysplasia (CIN3) HPV16 positive were injected three times before conization was performed 2 months after the first injection. We studied cytological, histological, proliferative pattern and immune profile before and after vaccination. The slides were compared with those obtained from non-injected patients. RESULTS: The injections were well tolerated and the specimens displayed a limited regression of the lesions. Nevertheless, massive CD4 and CD8 T cell lymphocytic infiltration was noticed after vaccination. DISCUSSION: We conclude that the vaccination we used provides an obvious immune histological reaction in the HPV infected cervix and that the 2 months delay before the final step (conization) is done is probably too short.
Assuntos
Colo do Útero/imunologia , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/imunologia , Papillomaviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/terapia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/terapia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologia , Vacinação , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos CD1/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Colo do Útero/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus , Infecções por Papillomavirus/imunologia , Indução de Remissão/métodos , Displasia do Colo do Útero/imunologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Vacinação/métodosRESUMO
We report the case of a 30-year-old patient who underwent a segmental ureteral resection with ureteroureterostomy because of the presence of a left ureterohydronephrosis caused by an intrinsic ureteral endometriotic lesion. Preoperatively, the patient received a 3 months course of GNRH agonists. The serum estradiol level was at 12 pg/ml at the moment of surgery. Histology and immunohistochemistry performed on the resected specimen showed the presence of numerous large haemorrhagic endometriotic foci containing very high levels of alpha-estrogen and progesterone nuclear receptors, a high Ki-67 labeling index and a strong positivity for EGF-receptor. This is the first report of immunohistochemical study performed on ureteral endometriosis preoperatively treated with GNRH agonists. Because hormonal treatments are often prescribed in the treatment of ureteral endometriosis, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of persisting very active and proliferative ureteral endometriotic lesions even under treatment with GNRH agonists and very low levels of circulating estradiol.
Assuntos
Endometriose/cirurgia , Gosserrelina/uso terapêutico , Doenças Ureterais/cirurgia , Adulto , Endometriose/diagnóstico , Endometriose/patologia , Receptores ErbB/análise , Estradiol/sangue , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio , Feminino , Gosserrelina/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hidronefrose/etiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Pré-Medicação , Receptores de Estrogênio/análise , Receptores de Progesterona/análise , Doenças Ureterais/diagnóstico , Doenças Ureterais/patologia , Ureterostomia , UrografiaAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma/secundário , Neoplasias do Endométrio/secundário , Pólipos/secundário , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sudoríparas/patologia , Idoso , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias do Endométrio/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Pólipos/induzido quimicamente , Pólipos/cirurgia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sudoríparas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sudoríparas/cirurgia , Tamoxifeno/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Uterina/etiologiaAssuntos
Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/complicações , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Humanos , Incidência , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To analyze the expression of laminin-5 gamma 2 chain, a protein which plays a major role in keratinocyte migration, in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and invasive cervical carcinoma associated with high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expression of laminin-5 gamma 2 chain protein has been analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 17 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL-CIN1), 35 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL-CIN2/3), 18 microinvasive or invasive carcinomas, and three metastatic lymph nodes. All these lesions have been proved to contain HR-HPVs and were also positive for p16 protein which classically is overexpressed at all stages of cervical neoplasia and dysplasia linked with HR-HPVs. 20 cases of normal cervix served as controls. RESULTS: The expression of laminin-5 gamma 2 chain protein was observed in 100% of invasive or microinvasive carcinoma and in their related lymph node metastasis with an immunoreactivity located preferentially at the invasive front of the lesions. All the HSILs (100%) associated with invasive carcinoma were also positive. In contrast, in HSILs without associated invasive component, the expression of the protein has been found in only 34% of cases. In positive HSILs, laminin-5 gamma 2 protein was expressed in basal layers. In LSILs and normal epithelium, no expression of the protein was noted. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude the following: (i) the expression of laminin-5 gamma 2 is a late event in cervical carcinogenesis increasing with the grade of dysplastic lesions; (ii) laminin-5 gamma 2 expression facilitates the identification of invasive and microinvasive lesions which could be difficult to diagnose on the basis of routine stains; (iii) laminin-5 gamma 2 expression in HSILs could potentially identify those lesions with a more increased risk of tumor progression.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/química , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Feminino , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Genes p16 , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Invasividade Neoplásica , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/genética , Displasia do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologia , CalininaRESUMO
Deep infiltrating endometriosis (deeper than 5 mm under the peritoneum) often takes the form of a nodular lesion (or 'adenomyotic nodule') consisting of smooth muscles and fibrosis with active glands and scanty stroma. Thus, among endometriotic lesions, a certain distinction is drawn between musculo-glandular lesions and glandular lesions composed of endometrial-like epithelium surrounded by a cell-producing (cytogenous) stroma. The aim of this study was to detect by immunohistochemistry, with a monoclonal antibody against muscle-specific actin, the presence of smooth muscles in 54 endometriotic lesions originating from four different pelvic locations (peritoneum, ovary, rectovaginal septum and uterosacral ligaments) and to quantify the smooth muscle content. Smooth muscles were frequent components of endometriotic lesions in pelvic locations. In addition, smooth muscles were significantly (P < 0. 001) more abundant in endometriotic lesions than in their respective unaffected sites. This finding supports, at least partially, the occurrence of a metaplastic phenomenon in the pathogenesis of endometriotic lesions. The definition of distinct endometriotic entities based on the difference in the tissue composition of the lesions (endometriotic nodules versus adenomyotic nodules) is inconsistent with the very frequent presence of smooth muscle cells in endometriosis irrespective of its localization.
Assuntos
Endometriose/patologia , Músculo Liso/patologia , Actinas/análise , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Ligamentos/patologia , Músculo Liso/química , Ovário/patologia , Peritônio/patologia , Reto , Sacro , Coloração e Rotulagem , Útero , VaginaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Molluscum contagiosum is a common cutaneous tumour that is characterized by usually spontaneous involution and self-limited spreading in immunocompetent individuals. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the apoptosis and the expression of cell-cycle proteins in molluscum contagiosum lesions. METHODS: The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL)-based apoptotic index and the expression of the cell-cycle proteins Ki-67, p53, p21WAF and Bcl-2 were investigated in molluscum contagiosum lesions obtained from the trunk of 20 immunocompetent patients and in normal skin samples from the trunk of six healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Whereas molluscum contagiosum lesions displayed a TUNEL-based apoptotic index similar to that of normal skin, they exhibited an increased Ki-67 index, which was confined to the basal and first suprabasal layers (P < 0.001). Compared with normal non-sun-exposed skin, molluscum contagiosum lesions also exhibited increased p53 staining in basal cells (P < 0.01), increased p21WAF in suprabasal cells (P < 0.001) and loss of Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that molluscum contagiosum lesions exhibit an increased proliferation rate of keratinocytes, which is likely to be partially counteracted by accumulation of p53.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Queratinócitos/patologia , Molusco Contagioso/patologia , Divisão Celular , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21 , Ciclinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Molusco Contagioso/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the putative role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the aetiology of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Belgium. METHODS: The frequency of HPV infection was determined using HPV DNA PCRamplification with L1 consensus primers MY09-MY11, able to recognise about 40 different HPV types, on twenty-one formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded oesophageal squamous cells carcinomas. Nineteen samples of histologically normal epithelium from the surgical margins of the OSCC specimens and five samples from normal oesophagus obtained at autopsy served as negative controls. RESULTS: We found only one HPV positive tumour (4.8%) out of the 21 OSCC cases. All the normal epithelium controls remained negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are in agreement with those previously published, suggesting that HPV infection only plays a minor role in the pathogenesis of oesophageal squamous cells carcinoma in West-European countries.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/virologia , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Bélgica/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Comorbidade , DNA Viral/análise , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/epidemiologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Probabilidade , Medição de Risco , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 allows to investigate the proliferative activity of tumor and is a clinically useful marker to characterize breast cancer. In this study, we have compared Ki-67 activity in 38 primary breast tumors and in their respective positive axillary lymph nodes (ALNs). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibody against Ki-67 was performed in 38 nodes positive breast carcinomas and in their respective positive ALNs. Statistical analysis was performed with the Student's t-test (2-tailed) for equality of means. RESULTS: The proliferation index measured by Ki-67 expression was significatively higher (p < 0.02) in ALN than in the primary tumor (29.8% v.s. 21.8%). CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest a higher proliferation and perhaps aggressivity of metastatic neoplastic cells when compared with their respective primary tumor. Perhaps, in the future, these differences in proliferation behavior might be taken into account when considering the choice of the adjuvant therapy.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Metástase Linfática , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Divisão Celular , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67/biossíntese , Antígeno Ki-67/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase NeoplásicaRESUMO
AIMS: Various stress conditions such as heat, chemical and mechanical stresses are known to play a major role in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma development. Our goal was to evaluate whether changes in stress-induced 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) expression could be demonstrated during oesophageal carcinogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: HSP27 expression was studied using immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 21 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas occurring in smokers and/or alcohol abusers. Oesophagus from healthy patients (controls) (five), chemical (eight) and infectious oesophagitis (six) were also included in the study. In normal oesophagus, the protein is present only in the upper epithelial layers. In contrast, in chemical or infectious oesophagitis its expression is strong and occurs in all the epithelial layers including the basal layer. In non-tumoral oesophageal mucosa from smoking and/or drinking patients adjacent to invasive carcinoma, the distribution of the protein is patchy and irregular. In malignant areas, HSP27 protein expression increases drastically from dysplastic lesions to invasive carcinoma, being highest in the less differentiated areas. CONCLUSIONS: In human oesophagus, HSP27 expression is induced by various stresses but alcohol and tobacco generate focal perturbations in the stress response. Tumour immunoreactivity for this protein increases with the anaplasia of the tumour, as in some other tumours in which it is considered to play a role in drug resistance. To our knowledge, these data have not been previously described for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diferenciação Celular , Esofagite/metabolismo , Esofagite/patologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP27 , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Chaperonas Moleculares , Mucosa/metabolismo , Mucosa/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the mode and the extent of infiltration of endometriotic lesions in the large bowel. METHODS: In 31 patients undergoing large bowel resection for severe deep-infiltrating endometriosis of the sigmoid and rectum with severe digestive symptoms, we performed a prospective morphological, histological and immunohistological study (using the monoclonal antibodies S100 for the detection of the nerves and CD10 for the detection of the endometriotic stromal cells) on the large bowel resection specimen. The evaluation of invasion of the large bowel by endometriosis was performed by studying the presence, localization and mean number of lesions in the different layers of the colon, the relationship between endometriosis and the nerves of the colon, the nerve density in the respective layers of the large bowel and the presence of endometriosis on the resection margins. RESULTS: The most richly innervated layers of the large bowel are the most intensely involved by endometriosis. We found that 53 +/- 15% of endometriotic lesions were in direct contact the nerves of the colon by means of perineurial or endoneurial invasion. The mean largest diameter of the lesion does not seem to be correlated with the depth of infiltration. The margins were positive in 9.7% of cases. In cases of positive margins, the endometriotic lesions were in close histological relationship with the nerves. CONCLUSIONS: There is a close histological relationship between endometriotic lesions of the large bowel and the nerves of the large bowel wall. Endometriotic lesions seem to infiltrate the large bowel wall preferentially along the nerves, even at distance from the palpated lesion, while the mucosa is rarely and only focally involved.