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Clostridium butyricum is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium known for its ability to produce butyate. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing and assembly of 14C. butyricum industrial strains collected from various parts of China. We performed a pan-genome comparative analysis of the 14 assembled strains and 139 strains downloaded from NCBI. We found that the genes related to critical industrial production pathways were primarily present in the core and soft-core gene categories. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains from the same clade of the phylogenetic tree possessed similar antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, with most of these genes present in the shell and cloud gene categories. Finally, we predicted the genes producing bacteriocins and botulinum toxins as well as CRISPR systems responsible for host defense. In conclusion, our research provides a desirable pan-genome database for the industrial production, food application, and genetic research of C. butyricum.
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Clostridium butyricum , Genoma Bacteriano , Filogenia , Clostridium butyricum/genética , Clostridium butyricum/metabolismo , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Bacteriocinas/genética , Bacteriocinas/biossíntese , Microbiologia Industrial , Toxinas Botulínicas/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is characterized by NUT gene rearrangement on chromosome 15. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical features, immunohistochemistry, treatment, diagnosis and prognosis of sinonasal NUT carcinoma specifically. METHODS: Clinical data for 10 cases of NUT cancer confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed. RESULTS: Among the 10 patients, 6 were males, and 4 were females. The median age was 34 years (15-69 years). Nine patients presented with locally advanced cT4a stage. The most common treatment was complete resection combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. All 10 patients had pathologically poorly differentiated or undifferentiated carcinoma. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining showed that NUT protein was positive in all 10 patients, and most cases expressed p63, p40 and CK. The Ki-67 positive index of 8 patients ranged from 40 to 80%, with a median of 50%, and NUTM1 gene disruption was detected in both of the remaining cases by FISH. As of April, 2023, all patients were followed up with for 1-51 months, with a median follow-up time of 14 months. Three patients died due to widespread systemic metastasis, 3 relapsed, and 4 had no recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSION: Sinonasal NCs (NUT carcinomas) is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor with rapid progression and a poor prognosis. Correct histopathological diagnosis is the primary prerequisite for determining appropriate treatment. There are currently no effective treatment options for NCs. Targeted therapy may become an effective method to treat NCs.
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BACKGROUND: Nonintestinal adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (nonITAC) is a heterogeneous tumour that has rarely been reported in previous studies. We compared and analysed the symptoms, radiographic and pathological features, treatment methods, and prognosis of patients with low-grade (G1) and high-grade (G3) tumours. METHODS: This was a retrospective study included 22 patients with pathologically confirmed non-ITAC of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses who were treated between January 2008 and December 2021 at a single centre. Of these, 11 patients had G1 tumours, and 11 patients had G3 tumours. Clinicopathological features, treatment methods, and survival outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 48.5 months. Nasal congestion was the most common initial symptom, and the nasal cavity was the most frequently involved site. For G1 tumours, the main treatment was simple surgery, 1 and 3year overall survival (OS) rates were 100 and 88.9%, while the 1 and 3year local control (LC) rates were 100 and 100%, respectively. For G3 tumours, the main treatments were surgery combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy,1 and 3year OS rates were 72.7 and 72.7%, while the 1 and 3year LC rates were 100 and 90.91%, respectively. G3 tumours was associated with significantly shorter overall survival than G1 tumours (P = 0.035). Patients with stage III-IV showed shorter overall survival compared to stage I-II patients (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Non-ITAC of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses may frequently occur in the nasal cavity. The main treatment modality is surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Pathological grade and tumour stage were poor prognostic factors for the disease.
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P,Nsp3-bidentate chiral ligands bearing spiro[indane-1,2'-pyrrolidine] backbone were prepared in gram scale for the first time. Pd complexes of these air-stable amino phosphine ligands could catalyze asymmetric allylic substitutions of malonate-, alcohol-, and amine-type nucleophiles in up to 97% ee and 99% yield. A crystal structure of [Pd(II)(η3-1,3-diphenylallyl)(ligand)]PF6 indicated possible transition states of the catalytic reactions. These ligands are characteristic of a very rigid backbone, which is simple but highly effective. They rival C2-symmetric bisphosphine, P,Nsp2-bidentate, and P,Nsp3-bidentate ligands in tested allylic substitutions.
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The efficacy of the first-line treatment for hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC), a predominantly male cancer, at advanced stage is only about 50% without reliable molecular indicators for its prognosis. In this study, HPC biopsy samples collected before and after the first-line treatment are classified into different groups according to treatment responses. We analyze the changes of HPC tumor microenvironment (TME) at the single-cell level in response to the treatment and identify three gene modules associated with advanced HPC prognosis. We estimate cell constitutions based on bulk RNA-seq of our HPC samples and build a binary classifier model based on non-malignant cell subtype abundance in TME, which can be used to accurately identify treatment-resistant advanced HPC patients in time and enlarge the possibility to preserve their laryngeal function. In summary, we provide a useful approach to identify gene modules and a classifier model as reliable indicators to predict treatment responses in HPC.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Transcriptoma/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/terapia , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/patologiaRESUMO
We report a method of reinforcing and toughening unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with a kind of hyperbranched polyester (HBP-1). Polyethylene glycol with different molecular weight was used as the core molecule of the preparation reaction, and the reaction product of phthalic anhydride and glycerol was used as the branching unit. The esterification reaction of polycondensation occurred, and then the hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester was prepared. The reaction product of maleic anhydride and isooctanol was added to the prepared hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester for esterification reaction. Both ends of the hyperbranched polyester had unsaturated double bond to obtain the hyperbranched polyester (HBP-1). The effects of this treatment on the morphology, mechanical properties and thermal properties of the composites were studied in detail. The HBP-1 was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The HBP-1/UPR composites were investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), mechanical properties analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that HBP-1 enhanced the thermostability and mechanical properties of UPR. However, DMA indicated that the addition of HBP-1 cannot effectively improve the thermodynamic properties of UPR due to the flexible chain in HBP-1 structure. The HBP-1 improves tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength compared to neat UPR.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical and pathological features, treatment, prognostic and its influence factors of granulosa cell tumor of head and neck. Methods:The clinical medical records of 12 patients with head and neck granulosa cell tumor confirmed by pathology for diagnosis and treatment in Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were reviewed and collected. Results:The follow-up durations were 4-57 months, with a median of 23 months. The origination of twelve cases were reviewed: 3 cases of the vocal cords, 2 cases of the retroannular region, 1 cases of the ventricular bands, 1 cases of the interarytenoid region, 1 cases of the paraglottic space, 1 cases of the epiglottis, 1 cases of the soft palate, 1 cases of the ventricle of larynx, 1 cases of the trapezius muscle. All 12 patients were undergoing surgical treatment in our hospital, including one who had postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy after second operation. Conclusion:Granulosa cell tumor occurs in the head and neck, usually a benign tumor with diverse morphology, and its diagnosis is mainly based on tumor histopathological examination. Surgical local excision is used in most cases, especially minimally invasive surgery is recommended, with lower postoperative recurrence rate and better prognosis.
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Tumor de Células da Granulosa , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Feminino , Tumor de Células da Granulosa/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Humanos , Pescoço , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Clostridium butyricum is a spore-forming probiotic which can promote the enhancement of beneficial bacteria and maintain intestinal microecological balance. However, it is difficult to improve the production level of C. butyricum by conventional fermentation process. In this study, a co-fermentation process of C. butyricum DL-1 and Bacillus coagulans ZC2-1 was established to improve the viable counts and spore yield of C. butyricum, and the formula of coculture medium was optimized by flask fermentation. The results showed that the optimum medium composition is 10 g/L bran, 15 g/L corn steep powder, 15 g/L peptone, 1 g/L K2HPO4 and 0.5 g/L MnSO4.Cultured stationarily in the optimal medium for 36 h, the number of viable bacteria of C. butyricum DL-1 reached 1.5 × 108 cfu/mL, Which was 375 times higher than that incubated in the initial medium. The sporulation rate reach 92.6%. The results revealed an economical and effective medium composition for the coculture of C. butyricum and B. coagulans, which achieved a 64.6% cost reduction. The co-fermentation process established in this study provides a new fermentation mode for the industrial production of other absolute anerobic bacteria.
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The present study was conducted to investigate the clinical significance of cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 1 (CREB3L1) and pleiotrophin (PTN) expression in prognosis of patients with brain gliomas. Human brain tissue samples were collected from normal glial tissues (control), low- and high-grade glioma tissues. CREB3L1 and PTN expression levels in cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and population distribution of the CREB3L1- and PTN-presenting patients was examined. The CREB3L1 and PTN mRNA expression levels in three types of the brain cells was determined by RT-PCR. Survival rates for population of the CREB3L1- and PTN-presenting patients were examined. CREB3L1+ cell counts were decreased with increased PTN+ cells in the low-grade and high-grade glioma tissues as compared with the control. Population proportion of the CREB3L1+-presenting patients decreased from the control to the high-grade glioma and the population of the PTN+-presenting patients increased in low- and high-grade gliomas as compared with the control (both P<0.05). The decrease in the CREB3L1 mRNA expression was associated with the increase in the PTN mRNA expression in the low- and high-grade gliomas (P<0.05). Survival time for patients with CREB3L1- and PTN+ gliomas was shorter than patients with CREB3L1+ and PTN- gliomas in the investigated cohorts (both P<0.05). There was a relationship between the expression levels of both proteins and survival time. CREB3L1 and PTN expression levels serve as biomarkers with utility in grading gliomas. Absence of CREB3L1 and presence of PTN in brain glioma cells correlate with survival time of the glioma patients.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/genética , Citocinas/genética , Glioma/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Encéfalo/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions of 2-alkylacroleins or atropaldehyde with triisopropylsilyl nitronates bearing an α-aryl group produced 3-aryl-2-isoxazolines having a chiral quaternary center in up to 94% ee and up to 88% yield with the aid of Corey's oxazaborolidine catalyst. Specifically, the TIPS nitronate with an α-(p-methoxyphenyl) group gave mainly the 2-isoxazolines having an all-carbon quaternary center.