FARPA-based tube array coupled with quick DNA extraction enables ultra-fast bedside detection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Rapid and accurate detection of pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) genes of the pathogens are crucial for the clinical diagnosis and effective treatment of infectious diseases. However, the time-consuming steps of conventional culture-based methods inhibit the precise and early application of anti-infection therapy. For the prompt treatment of pathogen-infected patients, we have proposed a novel tube array strategy based on our previously reported FARPA (FEN1-aided recombinase polymerase amplification) principle for the ultra-fast detection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens on site. The entire process from "sample to result" can be completed in 25 min by combining quick DNA extraction from a urine sample with FARPA to avoid the usually complicated DNA extraction step. Furthermore, a 36-tube array made from commercial 384-well titre plates was efficiently introduced to perform FARPA in a portable analyser, achieving an increase in the loading sample throughput (from several to several tens), which is quite suitable for the point-of-care testing (POCT) of multiple pathogens and multiple samples. Finally, we tested 92 urine samples to verify the performance of our proposed method. The sensitivities for the detection of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. faecium, and E. faecalis were 92.7%, 93.8%, 100% and 88.9%, respectively. The specificities for the detection of the four pathogens were 100%. Consequently, our rapid, low-cost and user-friendly POCT method holds great potential for guiding the rational use of antibiotics and reducing bacterial resistance.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Asian Cultivated Rice and Its Wild Progenitor (Oryza rufipogon) Has Revealed Evolutionary Innovation of the Pentatricopeptide Repeat Gene Family through Gene Duplication.

The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family is one of the largest gene families in land plants. However, current knowledge about the evolution of the PPR gene family remains largely limited. In this study, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of the PPR gene family in O. sativa and its wild progenitor, O. rufipogon, and outlined a comprehensive landscape of gene duplications. Our findings suggest that the majority of PPR genes originated from dispersed duplications. Although segmental duplications have only expanded approximately 11.30% and 13.57% of the PPR gene families in the O. sativa and O. rufipogon genomes, we interestingly obtained evidence that segmental duplication promotes the structural diversity of PPR genes through incomplete gene duplications. In the O. sativa and O. rufipogon genomes, 10 (~33.33%) and 22 pairs of gene duplications (~45.83%) had non-PPR paralogous genes through incomplete gene duplication. Segmental duplications leading to incomplete gene duplications might result in the acquisition of domains, thus promoting functional innovation and structural diversification of PPR genes. This study offers a unique perspective on the evolution of PPR gene structures and underscores the potential role of segmental duplications in PPR gene structural diversity.

Multiplexed and Rapid AST for Escherichia coli Infection by Simultaneously Pyrosequencing Multiple Barcodes Each Specific to an Antibiotic Exposed to a Sample.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is an effective way to guide antibiotic selection. However, conventional culture-based phenotypic AST is time-consuming. The key point to shorten the test is to quantify the small change in the bacterial number after the antibiotic exposure. To achieve rapid AST, we proposed a combination of multiplexed PCR with barcoded pyrosequencing to significantly shorten the time for antibiotic exposure. First, bacteria exposed to each antibiotic were labeled with a unique barcode. Then, the pool of the barcoded products was amplified by PCR with a universal primer pair. Finally, barcodes in the amplicons were individually and quantitatively decoded by pyrosequencing. As pyrosequencing is able to discriminate as low as 5% variation in target concentrations, as short as 7.5 min was enough for cultivation to detect the susceptibility of Escherichia coli to an antibiotic. The barcodes enable more than six kinds of drugs or six kinds of concentrations of a drug to be tested at a time. The susceptibility of 6 antibiotics to 43 E. coli-positive samples from 482 clinical urine samples showed a consistency of 99.3% for drug-resistant samples and of 95.7% for drug-sensitive samples in comparison with the conventional method. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 29 E. coli samples was successfully measured. The proposed AST is dye free (pyrosequencing), multiplexed (six antibiotics), fast (a half-working day for reporting the results), and able to detect the MIC, thus having a great potential for clinical use in quick antibiotic selection.

Ammonia borane positively regulates cold tolerance in Brassica napus via hydrogen sulfide signaling.

BACKGROUND: Cold stress adversely influences rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) growth and yield during winter and spring seasons. Hydrogen (H2) is a potential gasotransmitter that is used to enhance tolerance against abiotic stress, including cold stress. However, convenience and stability are two crucial limiting factors upon the application of H2 in field agriculture. To explore the application of H2 in field, here we evaluated the role of ammonia borane (AB), a new candidate for a H2 donor produced by industrial chemical production, in plant cold tolerance. RESULTS: The application with AB could obviously alleviate the inhibition of rapeseed seedling growth and reduce the oxidative damage caused by cold stress. The above physiological process was closely related to the increased antioxidant enzyme system and reestablished redox homeostasis. Importantly, cold stress-triggered endogenous H2S biosynthesis was further stimulated by AB addition. The removal or inhibition of H2S synthesis significantly abolished plant tolerance against cold stress elicited by AB. Further field experiments demonstrated that the phenotypic and physiological performances of rapeseed plants after challenged with cold stress in the winter and early spring seasons were significantly improved by administration with AB. Particularly, the most studied cold-stress response pathway, the ICE1-CBF-COR transcriptional cascade, was significantly up-regulated either. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study clearly observed the evidence that AB-increased tolerance against cold stress could be suitable for using in field agriculture by stimulation of H2S signaling.

Overlooked Role of Sulfur-Centered Radicals During Bromate Reduction by Sulfite.

In this work, the kinetics and mechanisms of the reductive removal of BrO3- by sulfite in air atmosphere were determined. BrO3- could be effectively reduced by sulfite at pHini 3.0-6.0, and the reduction rate of BrO3- increased with decreasing pH. The coexisting organic contaminants with electron-rich moieties could be degraded, accompanied with BrO3- reduction by sulfite. The reaction stoichiometries of -Δ[sulfite]/Δ[bromate] were determined to be 3.33 and 15.63 in the absence and presence of O2, respectively. Many lines of evidence verified that the main reactions in the BrO3-/sulfite system in air atmosphere included the reduction of BrO3- to HOBr and its further reduction to Br-, as well as the oxidation of H2SO3 by BrO3- to form SO3·- and its further transformation to SO4·-. Moreover, SO4·- rather than HOBr was determined to be the major active oxidant in the BrO3-/sulfite system. SO3·- played a key role in the over-stoichiometric sulfite consumption because of its rapid reaction with dissolved oxygen. However, the formed SO3·- was further oxidized by BrO3- in the N2 atmosphere. BrO3- reduction by sulfite is an alternative for controlling BrO3- in water treatment because it was effective in real water at pHini ≤ 6.0.

Proinflammatory follicular helper T cells promote immunoglobulin G secretion, suppress regulatory B cell development, and correlate with worse clinical outcomes in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies. Both bacterial virulence factors and host chronic inflammation are thought to promote gastric cancer development. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of follicular helper T cells in gastric cancer. Functions of follicular helper T subsets were examined in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer patients and H. pylori-infected but asymptomatic individuals. We found that the follicular helper T cells in gastric cancer individuals were skewed toward the Th1 and Th17 subsets compared to those in H. pylori-infected but asymptomatic individuals. In a naive B cell-follicular helper T cell coculture, the Th1-follicular helper T cells by themselves were ineffective at stimulating a robust antibody response, unlike the Th2-follicular helper T and Th17-follicular helper T cells. However, Th1-follicular helper T cells significantly promoted the immunoglobulin G response in collaboration with other follicular helper T subsets, through the secretion of interferon gamma. We also found that Th1-follicular helper T cells suppressed the development of interleukin-10+ regulatory B cells, a cell type previously thought to protect H. pylori-infected individuals from tissue damage. In addition, the frequency of Th1-follicular helper T cells in gastric cancer patients was negatively correlated with the disease-free survival of gastric cancer patients after tumor resection. These results suggested that dysregulation of follicular helper T subsets in gastric cancer patients, characterized by increased Th1-follicular helper T cells, contributed to inflammation and tumor development.

Effects of phillyrin and forsythoside A on rat cytochrome P450 activities in vivo and in vitro.

1. Phillyrin and forsythoside A are two important active ingredients in Forsythia suspensa. However, the effects of phillyrin and forsythoside A on the activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) remain unclear. 2. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phillyrin and forsythoside A on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 by cocktail probe drugs in rats both in vivo and in vitro. 3. Many pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine and metoprolol in phillyrin pretreatment group, caffeine and tolbutamide in forsythoside A pretreatment group were affected significantly. In rat liver microsomal incubation system, the concentrations of acetaminophen and dextrophan in the phillyrin pretreatment group are higher than blank control group by 207.69% and 125.00%, however, the concentrations of 4-hydroxytolbutamide and 6ß-hydroxytestosterone were not significantly altered. The concentrations of acetaminophen and 4-hydroxytolbutamide in the forsythoside A pretreatment group are higher than blank control group by 223.07% and 154.16%, whereas the concentrations of dextrophan and 6ß-hydroxytestosterone were not significantly altered. 4. These results indicated that Phillyrin had potential inductive effects on rat CYP1A2 and CYP2D1 activities, without affecting CYP2C11 and CYP3A1/2 activities. Moreover, forsythoside A had inductive effects on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C11, without affecting CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 activities.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of oil-tea tree Camellia crapnelliana.

Camellia crapnelliana Tutch., belonging to the Theaceae family, is an excellent landscape tree species with high ornamental values. It is particularly an important woody oil-bearing plant species with high ecological, economic, and medicinal values. Here, we first report the chromosome-scale reference genome of C. crapnelliana with integrated technologies of SMRT, Hi-C and Illumina sequencing platforms. The genome assembly had a total length of ~2.94 Gb with contig N50 of ~67.5 Mb, and ~96.34% of contigs were assigned to 15 chromosomes. In total, we predicted 37,390 protein-coding genes, ~99.00% of which could be functionally annotated. The chromosome-scale genome of C. crapnelliana will become valuable resources for understanding the genetic basis of the fatty acid biosynthesis, and greatly facilitate the exploration and conservation of C. crapnelliana.

Evaluation the Effect of Sonodynamic Therapy with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Sodium Fluorescein by Preclinical Animal Study.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a novel tumor treatment that combines biosafe sonosensitizers and noninvasive focused ultrasound to eradicate solid tumors. Sonosensitizers such as 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein have great potential in tumor treatment. Here, rodent subcutaneous and brain tumor models were used to evaluate the treatment effect of both 5-ALA- and fluorescein-mediated SDT. The subcutaneous tumor growth rates of both SDT groups were significantly inhibited compared with that of the control groups. For intracranial tumors, 5-ALA-SDT treatment significantly inhibited brain tumor growth, while fluorescein-SDT exerted no therapeutic effect in animals. The distribution of fluorescein in the brain tumor region underwent further assessment. Seven days post tumor implantation, experimental animals received fluorescein and were sacrificed for brain specimen collection. Analysis of the dissected brains revealed no fluorescence signals, indicating an absence of fluorescein accumulation in the early-stage glioma tissue. These data suggest that the fluorescein-SDT treatment response is closely related to the amount of accumulated fluorescein. This study reports the equivalent effects of 5-ALA and fluorescein on the treatment of somatic tumors. For orthotopic brain tumor models, tumor vascular permeability should be considered when choosing fluorescein as a sonosensitizer. In conclusion, both fluorescein and 5-ALA are safe and effective SDT sonosensitizers, and the tumor microenvironment and pathologic type should be considered in the selection of adequate sonosensitizers.

Novel PIKfyve/Tubulin Dual-target Inhibitor as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

OBJECTIVE: In B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), current intensive chemotherapies for adult patients fail to achieve durable responses in more than 50% of cases, underscoring the urgent need for new therapeutic regimens for this patient population. The present study aimed to determine whether HZX-02-059, a novel dual-target inhibitor targeting both phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve) and tubulin, is lethal to B-ALL cells and is a potential therapeutic for B-ALL patients. METHODS: Cell proliferation, vacuolization, apoptosis, cell cycle, and in-vivo tumor growth were evaluated. In addition, Genome-wide RNA-sequencing studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-leukemia activity of HZX-02-059 in B-ALL. RESULTS: HZX-02-059 was found to inhibit cell proliferation, induce vacuolization, promote apoptosis, block the cell cycle, and reduce in-vivo tumor growth. Downregulation of the p53 pathway and suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway and the downstream transcription factors c-Myc and NF-κB were responsible for these observations. CONCLUSION: Overall, these findings suggest that HZX-02-059 is a promising agent for the treatment of B-ALL patients resistant to conventional therapies.

Prognostic value of an APOBEC3 deletion polymorphism for glioma patients in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE: The molecular pathogenesis of malignant gliomas, characterized by diverse tumor histology with differential prognosis, remains largely unelucidated. An APOBEC3 deletion polymorphism, with a deletion in APOBEC3B, has been correlated to risk and prognosis in several cancers, but its role in glioma is unclear. The authors aimed to examine the clinical relevance of the APOBEC3 deletion polymorphism to glioma risk and survival in a glioma patient cohort in Taiwan. METHODS: The authors detected deletion genotypes in 403 glioma patients and 1365 healthy individuals in Taiwan and correlated the genotypes with glioma risk, clinicopathological factors, patient survival, and patient sex. APOBEC3 gene family expression was measured and correlated to the germline deletion. A nomogram model was constructed to predict patient survival in glioma. RESULTS: The proportion of APOBEC3B-/- and APOBEC3B+/- genotypes was higher in glioblastoma (GBM) patients than healthy individuals and correlated with higher GBM risk in males. A higher percentage of cases with APOBEC3B- was observed in male than female glioma patients. The presence of APOBEC3B-/- was correlated with better overall survival (OS) in male astrocytic glioma patients. No significant correlation of the genotypes to glioma risk and survival was observed in the female patient cohort. Lower APOBEC3B expression was observed in astrocytic glioma patients with APOBEC3B-/- and was positively correlated with better OS. A 5-factor nomogram model was constructed based on male patients with astrocytic gliomas in the study cohort and worked efficiently for predicting patient OS. CONCLUSIONS: The germline APOBEC3 deletion was associated with increased GBM risk and better OS in astrocytic glioma patients in the Taiwan male population. The APOBEC3B deletion homozygote was a potential independent prognostic factor predicting better survival in male astrocytic glioma patients.

High-Sensitivity and Environmentally Friendly Humidity Sensors Deposited with Recyclable Green Microspheres for Wireless Monitoring.

The reliable, high-sensitive, wireless, and affordable requirements for humidity sensors are needed in high-precision measurement fields. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based on the piezoelectric effect can accurately detect the mass changes at the nanogram level. However, water-capture materials deposited on the surface of QCM generally show disadvantages in either cost, sensitivity, or recyclability. Herein, novel QCM-based humidity sensors (NQHSs) are developed by uniformly depositing green microspheres (GMs) of natural polymers prepared by the chemical synthesis of the emulsification/inner gel method on QCM as humidity-sensitive materials. The NQHSs demonstrate high accuracy and sensitivity (27.1 Hz/% RH) owing to the various hydrophilic groups and porous nano-3D deposition structure. Compared with the devices deposited with a smooth film, the frequency of the NQHSs shows almost no changes during the cyclic test and exhibits long-term stability. The NQHSs have been successfully applied to non-contact sensing human activities and remote real-time humidity monitoring via Bluetooth transmission. In addition, the deposited humidity-sensitive GMs and QCM substrate are fully recycled and reused (72% of the original value). This work has provided an innovative idea to construct environmental-friendly, high-sensitivity, and wireless humidity sensors.

Pharmacological targeting PIKfyve and tubulin as an effective treatment strategy for double-hit lymphoma.

Double-hit lymphoma is one of the most aggressive and refractory lymphoma subtypes with recurrent genetic abnormalities of MYC and BCL-2 or BCL6 rearrangement, leading to a poor prognosis in the present clinical practice. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies for eliminating double-hit lymphomas are urgently needed. Here, we reported that HZX-02-059, a novel PIKfyve and tubulin dual-target inhibitor, showed a highly cytotoxic activity against double-hit lymphoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo through a noncanonical caspase-independent cell death, methuosis. Mechanistically, the cytotoxicity triggered by HZX-02-059 was contributed to the PIKfyve/TFEB axis-induced cell death of methuosis, as well as the inhibition of tubulin and mTOR/Myc axis-induced cell cycle arrest. In summary, the present findings suggest that HZX-02-059 represents a good starting point for developing targeted therapeutics against double-hit lymphomas.

Preclinical Evaluation of the Multiple Tyrosine Kinases Inhibitor Anlotinib in Leukemia Stem Cells.

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) constitute the critical barrier to the cure of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to their chemoresistance and immune evasion property. Herein, the role of anlotinib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in killing LSCs and regulating chemoresistance and immune evasion was explored. Anlotinib treatment induced apoptosis of LSC-like cells as well as primary AML LSCs, while sparing the normal mononuclear cells in vitro. Moreover, anlotinib could impair the regeneration capacity of LSCs in the patient-derived leukemia xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, anlotinib inhibited phosphorylation of c-kit, JAK2/STAT3, and STAT5, and downregulated STAT3 and STAT5 expression. In addition, anlotinib downregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and upregulated Bax, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of LSCs to idarubicin in vitro. Intriguingly, anlotinib could also partially rescue the interferon-g production of T cells cocultured with LSCs by downregulating PD-L1 expression. In conclusion, anlotinib showed anti-LSC activity and the potential to enhance the sensitivity to idarubicin and inhibit the immunosuppressive feature of LSCs via JAK2/STAT signaling pathway downregulation in the preclinical study. Our results provided a rational basis for combinatory strategies involving anlotinib and chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

Characterization of chloroplast genome of Eleusine coracana, a highly adaptable cereal crop with high nutritional reputation.

Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. is a kind of highly adaptable cereal crop with a high nutritional value with the reputation of 'black pearl'. In this study, we sequenced, assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of the grass species. The circular genome of E. coracana was 135,137 bp in length, which comprised two inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions of 20,919 bp in length separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 80,663 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 12,636 bp. The total GC content of the E. coracana chloroplast genome was ∼38.13%. A total of 108 functional genes were predicted, including 76 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Our phylogenomic analysis of all protein-coding genes further revealed that E. coracana is closely related to Bouteloua curtipendula and B. gracilis, and they are together positioned in the subfamily Chloridoideae clade of the grass family.

Characterization of the chloroplast genome sequence of Bonia amplexicaulis (L.C.Chia, H.L.Fung & Y.L.Yang) N.H.Xia (Poaceae).

Bonia amplexicaulis (L.C.Chia, H.L.Fung & Y.L.Yang) N.H.Xia is a member of the Bambusoideae subfamily in Poaceae. In this study, we sequenced, assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of B. amplexicaulis. The complete chloroplast genome was 139,935 bp in size, including a large single copy region of 83,453 bp, a small single-copy region of 12,860 bp and a pair of reverse repeats of 21,811 bp in size. The annotation of the B. amplexicaulis chloroplast genome indicates that it contained 83 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Our phylogenetic analysis of all protein-coding genes from the 36 complete chroloplast grass genomes using Cyperus rotundus as outgroup showed that B. amplexicaulis is closely related to Otatea glauca and Pariana campestris to form the Bambusoideae lineage of the grass family.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Arundo formosana Hack. (Poaceae).

Arundo formosana Hack. belongs to the Arundionideae subfamily of Poaceae. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genome of A. formosana. The complete chloroplast genome was 136,919 bp in size, including a large single copy region of 82,039 bp, a small single-copy region of 12,108 bp and a pair of reverse repeats of 21,386 bp in size. The annotation of A. formosana indicates that it contained 81 protein-coding genes, 47 tRNA and 8 rRNA. Our phylogenetic analysis of the 36 grass complete chroloplast genomes of protein-coding genes using Cyperus rotundus as outgroup showed that A. formosana is closely related to Crinipes species to form the Arundionideae lineage of the grass family.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Bromus catharticus Vahl. (Poaceae).

Bromus catharticus Vahl. belongs to the Pooideae subfamily of Poaceae. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genome of B. catharticus. The complete chloroplast genome was 134,718 bp in size, including a large single-copy region of 80,540 bp, a small single-copy region of 11,806 bp and a pair of reverse repeats of 21,186 bp in size. The annotation of B. catharticus indicates that it contained 89 protein-coding genes, 47 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. Our phylogenetic analysis of all protein-coding genes of the 36 grass complete chroloplast genomes using Cyperus rotundus as outgroup showed that B. catharticus is closely related to the Koeleria and Avena species to form the Pooideae lineage of the grass family.

Sensitive Formaldehyde Detection with QCM Sensor Based on PAAm/MWCNTs and PVAm/MWCNTs.

Two formaldehyde detection methods are proposed by applying composite film quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. QCM sensor coated with PAAm/MWCNTs and PVAm/MWCNTs shows excellent characteristics of lower limit and high sensitivity. The lower limit of PVAm/MWCNTs is 0.5 ppm, and its detection sensitivity is 0.74 ppm/Hz. Upon working at different concentrations of formaldehyde and fabricating in different proportions, the reuse performance, gas selectivity, and response at room temperature show contrasting results. The main advantages of the two sensors presented are fast reaction, low cost, and easy manufacture. Compared to other formaldehyde sensors based on QCM, the PAAm/MWCNT- and PVAm/MWCNT-coated QCM sensors are able to concurrently show excellent selectivity, reuse performance, and high sensitivity, which is of great significance to detect the environmental quality.

Molecular Hydrogen Maintains the Storage Quality of Chinese Chive through Improving Antioxidant Capacity.

Chinese chive usually becomes decayed after a short storage time, which was closely observed with the redox imbalance. To cope with this practical problem, in this report, molecular hydrogen (H2) was used to evaluate its influence in maintaining storage quality of Chinese chive, and the changes in antioxidant capacity were also analyzed. Chives were treated with 1%, 2%, or 3% H2, and with air as the control, and then were stored at 4 ± 1 °C. We observed that, compared with other treatment groups, the application of 3% H2 could significantly prolong the shelf life of Chinese chive, which was also confirmed by the obvious mitigation of decreased decay index, the loss ratio of weight, and the reduction in soluble protein content. Meanwhile, the decreasing tendency in total phenolic, flavonoid, and vitamin C contents was obviously impaired or slowed down by H2. Results of antioxidant capacity revealed that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was differentially alleviated, which positively matched with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and the improved activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Above results clearly suggest that postharvest molecular hydrogen application might be a potential useful approach to improve the storage quality of Chinese chive, which is partially achieved through the alleviation of oxidative damage happening during the storage periods. These findings also provide potential theoretical and practical significance for transportation and consumption of perishable vegetables.