Hepatotoxicity associated with the use of teriflunomide in a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report.

RATIONALE: Teriflunomide is an inhibitor of pyrimidine synthesis available as a first-line treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Drug-induced liver damage is a relevant problem in clinical practice, representing a frequent cause of treatment discontinuation. This case report describes the occurrence of liver injury, with a 33.7-fold increase in the upper limit of normality of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase during treatment with teriflunomide 14 mg. PATIENT CONCERN: A 44-year-old woman receiving teriflunomide 14 mg for the treatment of multiple sclerosis presented symptoms suggestive of liver dysfunction 54 days after starting treatment. The patient had no history of using disease-modifying therapy, neither previous liver disease nor other comorbidities. DIAGNOSTICS: The suggested diagnosis was drug-induced liver injury, classified as hepatocellular. Other possible hepatic and autoimmune etiologies were ruled out. INTERVENTIONS: Replacement of teriflunomide treatment with glatiramer acetate and follow-up of the disease. OUTCOMES: Signs and symptoms regressed after treatment with teriflunomide 14 mg was discontinued, with normalization of liver enzyme activity in ∼5 months. The causality assessment of the adverse drug reaction was determined by the Naranjo scaling system, resulting in probable, with a final score of 7. CONCLUSIONS: Teriflunomide-induced liver injury in patients with multiple sclerosis is a serious adverse reaction. The report of this case contributes to updating knowledge about the safety aspects of treatment with teriflunomide and planning of monitoring strategies and patient risk management.

Medication discrepancies in transition of care of hospitalised children in Brazil: a multicentric study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of medication discrepancies in transition points of care of hospitalised children. DESIGN: A prospective observational multicentre study was carried out between February and August 2019. Data collection consisted of the following steps: sociodemographic data collection, clinical interview with the patient's caregiver, review of patient prescriptions and evaluation of medical records. Medication discrepancies were classified as intentional (documented or undocumented) and unintentional. In addition, discrepancies identified were categorised according to the medication discrepancy taxonomy. Unintentional discrepancies were assessed for potential clinical harm to the patient. SETTING: Paediatric clinics of four teaching hospitals in Brazil. PATIENTS: Children aged 1 month-12 years. FINDINGS: A total of 248 children were included, 77.0% (n=191) patients had at least one intentional discrepancy; 20.2% (n=50) patients had at least one unintended discrepancy and 15.3% (n=38) patients had at least one intentional discrepancy and an unintentional one. The reason for the intentional discrepancy was not documented in 49.6% (n=476) of the cases. The most frequent unintentional discrepancy was medication omission (54.1%; n=66). Low potential to cause discomfort was found in 53 (43.4%) unintentional discrepancies, while 55 (45.1%) had the potential to cause moderate discomfort and 14 (11.5%) could potentially cause severe discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Although most medication discrepancies were intentional, the majority of these were not documented by the healthcare professionals. Unintentional discrepancies were often related to medication omission and had a potential risk of causing harm to hospitalised children.

A case report of successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis using negative pressure wound therapy.

RATIONALE: Necrotizing fasciitis is a destructive tissue infection with rapid progression and high mortality. Thus, it is necessary that high-performance dressings be introduced as possibilities of treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS: Female patient, 44 years of age, admitted to hospital unit complaining of lesion in the gluteal region and drainage of purulent secretion in large quantity followed by necrosis. DIAGNOSES: The diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was carried out with the computerized tomography examination result and its association with the patient's clinical condition. INTERVENTIONS: Initially, successive debridements were carried out in lower limbs as well as primary dressing with enzymatic debriding action until indication of negative pressure wound therapy, for the period of 2 weeks in the right lower limb and for 5 weeks in the left lower limb, with changes every 72 h. Dressing with saline gauze was used at the end of this therapy until hospital discharge. OUTCOMES: After the use of negative pressure wound therapy, we observed the presence of granulation tissue, superficialization and reduction of lesion extension. The patient presented good tolerance and absence of complications. LESSONS: Negative pressure wound therapy constituted a good option for the treatment of necrotizing fasciitis, despite the scarcity of protocols published on the subject.

Use of tigecycline at a teaching hospital / Uso da tigeciclina em hospital de ensino

INTRODUCTION: Tigecycline is an antimicrobial agent, approved for the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections, hospital-acquired and community-acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections and anaerobic or atypical infections. OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of tigecycline in a teaching hospital and to compare data from patients who had their prescriptions audited by the hospital infection committee with those who did not have audited prescriptions. METHODS: Retrospective observational cohort study conducted at a teaching hospital from April 2012 to March 2014 including patients who received tigecycline. Demographic variables, comorbidities, microbiological findings, prescribed antibiotics and technical opinions issued by the Hospital Infection Control Service were collected. RESULTS: 71 patients were included, aged between 13 and 92 years, 63.4% were male and 56.3% were non-white. Tigecycline was the first antimicrobial choice in 19.7% (14/71) of the cases, while the use associated with other antibiotics was observed in 66.2% (45/71) of the prescriptions. mainly with meropenem (28.9%). Empirical use was performed in 69.0% of cases, after culture and the antibiogram in 31.0% and off label use in 81.7%. The microorganisms frequently identified by the culture tests were Enterococcus faecalis (17.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.7%) and Klebsiella penumoniae (11.8%). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that empirical and off label use is common in clinical practice and few prescriptions were guided by the results of the culture and the antibiogram, demonstrating the need for prescribers to evaluate the benefits/ risks of using this antibiotic, risk of resistance, adverse effects and drug interactions, in addition to cost.

INTRODUÇÃO: A tigeciclina é agente antimicrobiano, aprovada para o tratamento de infecções complicadas na pele e tecidos moles, pneumonia hospitalar e adquirida na comunidade, infecções intra-abdominal e infecções anaeróbias ou atípicas. OBJETIVO: Descrever o uso da tigeciclina em hospital de ensino e comparar dados de pacientes que tiveram suas prescrições auditadas pela comissão de infecção hospitalar com os que não tiveram prescrições auditadas. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo observacional realizado em hospital de ensino de abril de 2012 a março de 2014 incluindo pacientes que receberam tigeciclina. Foram coletadas variáveis ​​demográficas, comorbidades, achados microbiológicos, antibióticos prescritos e pareceres técnicos emitidos pelo Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 71 pacientes, com idade entre 13 e 92 anos, 63,4% eram do sexo masculino e 56,3% eram não brancos. A tigeciclina foi primeira escolha antimicrobiana em 19,7% (14/71) dos casos, enquanto o uso associado a outros antibióticos foi observado em 66,2% (45/71) das prescrições. principalmente com meropenem (28,9%). O uso empírico foi realizado em 69,0% dos casos, após cultura e o antibiograma em 31,0% e o uso off label em 81,7%. Os microrganismos frequentemente identificados pelos testes de cultura foram Enterococcus faecalis (17,6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14,7%) e Klebsiella penumoniae (11,8%). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstrou que o uso empírico e off label é comum na prática clínica e poucas prescrições foram orientadas pelos resultados da cultura e do antibiograma, demonstrando necessidade de prescritores avaliarem os benefícios/riscos do uso desse antibiótico, risco de resistência, efeitos adversos e interações medicamentosas, além do custo.

Association of clinical epidemiological factors to polypharmacy among patients with multiple sclerosis: real-life data / Associação de fatores clínicos epidemiológicos à polifarmácia em pacientes com esclerose múltipla: dados da vida real

INTRODUCTION: Treatment for multiple sclerosis should focus on relapse prevention and treatment, as well as symptom and disease progression control, which require the use of multiple medications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of polypharmacy and related clinical, epidemiological factors in multiple sclerosis patient cohorts. METHODS: It was conducted a prospective study of multiple sclerosis patients that held a prescription of disease-modifying drugs between January and December 2017. The medications were analyzed and classified as either long-term or as-needed medications for therapeutic objective and prescription status purposes. RESULTS: During 2017, 124 patients were attended, 106 were eligible for the study, and 81 agreed to participate. The average age was 40.95±11.69 years. The disease duration varied between 6 months and 30 years, with a median of 7 years. More than half of the multiple sclerosis patients suffered from comorbidities (54.32%), and 76.54% were categorized as polypharmacy. The comparison of polypharmacy between the groups yielded significant differences for comorbidities and employment status and regarding age between patients with polypharmacy and patients without polypharmacy of long-term medications. CONCLUSION: The age of the patient and the presence of comorbidities are important factors related to polypharmacy.

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento da esclerose múltipla deve ser concentrado na prevenção e tratamento de recaídas, bem como no controle da progressão dos sintomas e doenças, o que requer o uso de vários medicamentos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de polifarmácia a fatores epidemiológicos clínicos em uma coorte de pacientes com esclerose múltipla. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo de pacientes com esclerose múltipla que possuíam prescrição de medicamentos modificadores da doença entre janeiro e dezembro de 2017. Os medicamentos foram analisados e classificados como medicamentos de longo prazo ou conforme necessário para fins terapêuticos de objetivo e status de prescrição. RESULTADOS: Durante 2017 foram atendidos 124 pacientes, destes 106 pacientes foram elegíveis para o estudo e 81 concordaram em participar. A idade média foi de 40,95±11,69 anos. A duração da doença variou entre 6 meses e 30 anos, com mediana de 7 anos. Mais da metade dos pacientes com esclerose múltipla apresentava comorbidades (54,32%) e 76,54% foram classificados com polifarmácia. A comparação da polifarmácia entre os grupos demonstrou diferenças significativas para comorbidades, e situação de trabalho, e em relação à idade entre pacientes com polifarmácia e pacientes sem polifarmácia com medicamentos de longa duração. CONCLUSÃO: A idade do paciente e a presença de comorbidades são fatores importantes relacionados à polifarmácia.

[Perinatal variables and association with very low birthweight newborns in a Brazilian public university hospital]. / Variáveis perinatais e associação de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso ao nascer em hospital público universitário do Brasil.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of perinatal variables with the birth of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm newborns. METHODS: It was a retrospective study of the medical records of infants born after spontaneous preterm labor with admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. Preterm infants were divided into two groups: very low birth weight (VLBW) group (weight <1,500 g) and low birth weight (LBW) group (weight ≥1,500 g and <2,500 g). Prenatal variables such as maternal complications during pregnancy and childbirth/postpartum, and fetal/neonatal complications were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test or χ2 test, with calculation of relative risk (RR), and the Student t test for comparison of group means, with the level of significance set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic comorbidities (p=0.006; RR=1.2) and hypertension (p=0.04; RR=1.5), surgical delivery (p=0.001; RR=0.5), gestational age <33 weeks (p< 0.001; RR=16.7) and Apgar score at 1st and 5th minute (p=0.006; RR=1.6; p=0.01; RR=1.9) were associated with the occurrence of VLBW. Infants with VLBW had a significant association with the occurrence of metabolic comorbidities (p=0.01; RR=1.8), neurological (p=0.01; RR=1.7) and infectious diseases (p=0.001; RR=1.9), hospitalization >4 weeks (p=0.02; RR=1.8) and early neonatal death (p=0.0001; RR=2.9). CONCLUSIONS: Factors such as hypertension and bleeding comorbidities during delivery and management of gestational age of less than 33 weeks were associated with the birth of VLBW newborns. This group of infants also showed higher RR for the occurrence of early neonatal death.

Effects of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on the fertility of female Wistar rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of exposure of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on the fertility rates of pregnant healthy Wistar rats. METHODS: Enoxaparin and UFH were administered in prophylactic doses 1 mg/Kg/day 72 UI/Kg/day, and in therapeutic doses at 2 mg/kg/day 400UI/Kg/day. The rats were divided into five groups. The number of live and dead foetuses was quantified. The uterine horns were dissected and the presence of early and late reabsorptions (abortions) was determined. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: We did not observe statistically significant differences between groups when comparing the average weight of the foetuses and placentas, rate of female VS males, rates of pre-implantation loss (RPL), rates of efficiency implantation (REI), rates of post-implantation loss (RPIL) and rates of foetal viability (RFV). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant effect on fertility with the use of anticoagulant drugs in pregnant healthy Wistar rats.

[Usefulness of a scoring system on perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with thrombophilia in the effectiveness of an enoxaparin-based intervention]. / Eficácia de intervenção com enoxaparina baseada em sistema de pontuação nos desfechos perinatais de gestantes com trombofilias.

PURPOSES: To assess whether an enoxaparin-based intervention using a score system was effective in improving perinatal outcome in women with thrombophilia. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, not randomized, uncontrolled, performed at a Clinic of High-Risk Pregnancy from November 2009 to November 2011. We included women with a diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for thrombophilia acquired and/or inherited in the current pregnancy. The obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women before the intervention were compared with outcomes after the intervention, and statistically analyzed using the χ2 test with Yates correction, considered significant when p<0.05. The initial dose of low-molecular-weight Heparin (LMWH) was guided by a scoring system based on the clinical and gestational history of the patients and screening tests for acquired and/or inherited thrombophilia. RESULTS: We included 84 pregnant women with 175 pregnancies before diagnosis, 20.0% of which resulted in fetal ou perinatal death, 40.0% resulted in abortion, 17.7% developed preeclampsia/eclampsia, 10.3% resulted in full-term births, and 29.7% in premature births. In the 84 pregnancies after intervention, 6.0% resulted in fetal ou perinatal death, 1.2% in abortion, 4.8% developed preeclampsia/eclampsia, 22.6% resulted in premature birth, and 70.2% in full-term birth. A significant reduction in the rate of stillbirths/perinatal death (p<0.05) and abortion (p<0.0001) and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of live births were observed after intervention. CONCLUSION: Enoxaparin-based intervention using a score system in pregnant women with thrombophilia is effective in improving perinatal outcome.

Thromboprophylaxis and maternal-fetal outcomes of women with serum markers for hereditary thrombophilia and previous obstetric complications / Tromboprofilaxia e desfechos materno-fetais de mulheres com marcadores séricos para trombofilias hereditárias e antecedentes de complicações obstétricas

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the maternalfetal outcomes of thromboprophylaxis with enoxa parin based on scoring system in women with serum markers for hereditary thrombophilia and previous obstetric complications. Methods: a retrospective study was undertaken based on data collected from clinical records. We included 54 pregnant women with serum markers for hereditary thrombophilia undergoing therapeutic intervention with enoxaparin in the period from November 2009 to December 2013. The initial dose of low molecular weight heparin was guided by a scoring system. The maternalfetal outcomes of previous pregnancies and, subsequently, the treatment were compared using the chisquare (χ2) test with the Yates correction and Fisher's Exact Test; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: we observed significant reduction in fetal/perinatal deaths (p<0.05) and spontaneous abortions (p<0.001) after intervention. The live births at fullterm delivery (p<0.001) and live births at preterm delivery (p<0.05) increased significantly after intervention. Conclusions: the therapeutic intervention with enoxaparin based on scoring system during pregnancy seems to improve the fetal prognosis.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar os desfechos maternosfetais da tromboprofilaxia com enoxaparina com base em sistema de pontuação em mulheres com marcadores séricos para trombofilia hereditária e antecedentes de complicações obstétricas. Métodos: realizouse estudo retrospectivo com base em dados coletados de prontuários. Foram Incluídas 54 mulheres grávidas com marcadores séricos de trombofilia hereditária submetidos à intervenção terapêutica com enoxaparina no período de novembro de 2009 a dezembro de 2013. A dose inicial de heparina de baixo peso molecular foi norteada por um sistema de pontuação. Os resultados maternosfetais de gestações anteriores e subsequentes ao tratamento foram comparados utilizando Teste quiquadrado com correção de Yates ou Exato de Fisher; p<0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: observouse significativa redução de mortes fetais / perinatais (p<0,05) e abortos espontâneos (p<0,001) após intervenção. Os nascidos vivos com parto a termo (p<0,001) e nascidos vivos no parto prematuro (p<0,05) elevaramse significativamente após a intervenção. Conclusão: a intervenção terapêutica com enoxaparina com base no sistema de pontuação durante a gravidez parece melhorar o prognóstico fetal.

Serum markers thrombophilia in pregnant women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / Marcadores Séricos para Trombofilia em Gestantes com Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico

Abstract Objectives: to determine the frequency of serum markers for hereditary and acquired thrombophilia and their association with pregnancy in women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Methods: a case-control study was conducted among 25 pregnant women with SLE (study group) and 32 pregnant women without known disease and with at least one previous pregnancy (control group). The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and hereditary thrombophilia were examined in both groups. We used the y2 Test with Yates correction or Fisher's Exact Test to verify the associations and calculate the relative risk. Results: thrombophilia was present in 72.0% of pregnant women with SLE and in 6.0% of patients in the control group. A significant association was found between the presence of SLE and serum markers for hereditary thrombophilia / antiphospholipid antibodies (p<0.05). The relative risks for antiphospholipid antibodies were 13.20 (ICR95%= 1.81 - 96.46) in pregnant women with SLE, 7.26 (CI95%= 1.77 - 29.86) for the presence of serum markers of hereditary thrombophilia and 7.92 (CI95%= 2.62 - 3.94) for the presence of hereditary thrombophilia and/or antiphospholipid antibodies. Conclusions: the identification of markers for hereditary and/or acquired thrombophilia in pregnant women with lupus may be clinically useful to determine which patients have a higher risk of obstetric complications.

Resumo Objetivos: determinar a frequência e a associação ente LES em gestantes e a ocorrência de marcadores séricos para trombofilias hereditárias e adquiridas no grupo de gestantes estudadas. Métodos: foi realizado estudo caso-controle com 25 gestantes portadoras de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (grupo estudo) e 32 gestantes sem doença conhecida, com pelo menos uma gestação anterior (grupo controle). A presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides e trombofilia hereditária foi examinada em ambos os grupos. Utilizamos o Teste y2 com correção de Yates ou Teste Exato de Fisher para verificar as associações e calcular o risco relativo. Resultados: verificou-se a presença de trombofilias em 72,0% das gestantes portadoras de LES e em 6,0% das pacientes do grupo controle. Encontrou-se significante associação entre a presença de LES em gestantes e marcadores séricos para trombofilias hereditárias/anticorpos antifosfolípides (p<0,05). Identificou-se risco relativo para presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides de 13,20 (1,81<RR<96,46) em gestantes portadoras de LES, 7.26 (IC95%=1.77-29.86) para presença de marcadores séricos de trombofilias hereditárias e de 7.92 (IC95%= 2.62 - 23.94) considerando a presença de trombofilias hereditárias e/ou presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides. Conclusões: a identificação de marcadores para trombofilia hereditária e/ou adquirida em gestantes com lúpus pode ser clinicamente útil para determinar quais pacientes apresentam maior risco de complicações obstétricas.

Variaveis perinatais e associacao de recem-nascidos de muito baixo peso ao nascer em hospital publico universitario do Brasil / Perinatal variables and association with very low birthweight newborns in a Brazilian public university hospital

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação de variáveis perinatais com o nascimento de recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso ao nascer (MBPN). MÉTODOS: Foi um estudo retrospectivo com análise de prontuários de recém-nascidos (RN) de parto pré-termo espontâneo com admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Os RN pré-termo foram distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo muito baixo peso ao nascer (MBPN; peso <1.500g) e grupo baixo peso ao nascer (BPN; peso ≥1.500g e <2.500g). Foram pesquisadas variáveis de pré-natal maternas de intercorrências durante a gestação e parto/periparto e intercorrências fetal/neonatal. Foi realizada análise estatística por meio do teste exato de Fisher ou χ2, com cálculo do risco relativo (RR), considerando valor p≤0,05 e teste t de Student para comparação das médias dos grupos. RESULTADOS: As comorbidades hemorrágicas (p=0,006; RR=1,2) e hipertensivas (p=0,04; RR=1,5), parto operatório (p=0,001; RR=0,5), idade gestacional <33 semanas (p<0,001; RR=16,7) e Apgar de 1° e 5° minuto (p=0,006; RR=1,6; p=0,01; RR=1,9) estiveram associadas à ocorrência de MBPN. Os RN com MBPN apresentaram associação significativa para ocorrência de comorbidades metabólicas (p=0,01; RR=1,8), neurológicas (p=0,01; RR=1,7) e infecciosas (p=0,001; RR=1,9), período de internação >4 semanas (p=0,02; RR=1,8) e óbito neonatal precoce (p=0,001; RR=2,9). CONCLUSÕES: Fatores como comorbidades hipertensivas e hemorrágicas durante a gestação e parto com idade gestacional inferior a 33 semanas foram associadas ao nascimento de recém-nascidos de MBPN. Esse grupo de recém-natos também apresentou RR elevado para a ocorrência de óbito neonatal precoce. .

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of perinatal variables with the birth of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm newborns. METHODS: It was a retrospective study of the medical records of infants born after spontaneous preterm labor with admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. Preterm infants were divided into two groups: very low birth weight (VLBW) group (weight <1,500 g) and low birth weight (LBW) group (weight ≥1,500 g and <2,500 g). Prenatal variables such as maternal complications during pregnancy and childbirth/postpartum, and fetal/neonatal complications were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test or χ2 test, with calculation of relative risk (RR), and the Student t test for comparison of group means, with the level of significance set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic comorbidities (p=0.006; RR=1.2) and hypertension (p=0.04; RR=1.5), surgical delivery (p=0.001; RR=0.5), gestational age <33 weeks (p< 0.001; RR=16.7) and Apgar score at 1st and 5th minute (p=0.006; RR=1.6; p=0.01; RR=1.9) were associated with the occurrence of VLBW. Infants with VLBW had a significant association with the occurrence of metabolic comorbidities (p=0.01; RR=1.8), neurological (p=0.01; RR=1.7) and infectious diseases (p=0.001; RR=1.9), hospitalization >4 weeks (p=0.02; RR=1.8) and early neonatal death (p=0.0001; RR=2.9). CONCLUSIONS: Factors such as hypertension and bleeding comorbidities during delivery and management of gestational age of less than 33 weeks were associated with the birth of VLBW newborns. This group of infants also showed higher RR for the occurrence of early neonatal death. .

Effects of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on the fertility of female Wistar rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of exposure of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on the fertility rates of pregnant healthy Wistar rats. METHODS: Enoxaparin and UFH were administered in prophylactic doses 1 mg/Kg/day 72 UI/Kg/day, and in therapeutic doses at 2 mg/kg/day 400UI/Kg/day. The rats were divided into five groups. The number of live and dead foetuses was quantified. The uterine horns were dissected and the presence of early and late reabsorptions (abortions) was determined. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: We did not observe statistically significant differences between groups when comparing the average weight of the foetuses and placentas, rate of female VS males, rates of pre-implantation loss (RPL), rates of efficiency implantation (REI), rates of post-implantation loss (RPIL) and rates of foetal viability (RFV). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant effect on fertility with the use of anticoagulant drugs in pregnant healthy Wistar rats. .

Eficácia de intervenção com enoxaparina baseada em sistema de pontuação nos desfechos perinatais de gestantes com trombofilias / Usefulness of a scoring system on perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with thrombophilia in the effectiveness of an enoxaparin-based intervention

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a intervenção com heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) - enoxaparina sódica - foi eficaz na melhora dos desfechos perinatais de mulheres com trombofillias com base em sistema de pontuação. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, não randomizado, não controlado, realizado em um Ambulatório de Gestação de Alto Risco, durante o período de novembro de 2009 a novembro de 2011. Foram incluídas gestantes com diagnóstico e intervenção terapêutica para trombofilias adquiridas e/ou hereditárias na gestação atual. Os dados obstétricos e perinatais das gestantes anteriores à intervenção foram comparados com os desfechos subsequentes à intervenção, sendo analisados estatisticamente através do teste do χ², com correção de Yates, considerando significativos quando p<0,05. A dosagem inicial de HBPM foi norteada por sistema de pontuação, baseado no histórico clínico e gestacional das pacientes, além de exames de rastreamento de trombofilias adquiridas e/ou hereditárias. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas 84 mulheres grávidas com 175 gestações anteriores ao diagnóstico, das quais 20,0% resultaram em morte fetal ou perinatal, 40,0% resultaram em abortamento, 17,7% desenvolveram pré-eclâmpsia ou eclâmpsia, 10,3% foram partos a termo e 29,7% partos pré-termo. Nas 84 gestações após a intervenção, 6,0% resultaram em morte fetal ou perinatal, 1,2% em abortamento, 4,8% desenvolveram pré-eclâmpsia/eclâmpsia, 22,6% em parto prematuro e 70,2% parto a termo. Observou-se redução significativa na taxa de óbito fetal ou perinatal (p<0,05) e abortos (p<0,0001), e aumento significativo (p<0,05) no número de nascidos vivos após a intervenção. CONCLUSÃO: A intervenção baseada na enoxaparina utilizando um sistema de pontuação em gestantes com trombofilia mostrou-se eficaz na melhora do desfecho perinatal.

PURPOSES: To assess whether an enoxaparin-based intervention using a score system was effective in improving perinatal outcome in women with thrombophilia. METHODS: Study Design: Prospective, not randomized, uncontrolled, performed at a Clinic of High-Risk Pregnancy from November 2009 to November 2011. We included women with a diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for thrombophilia acquired and/or inherited in the current pregnancy. The obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women before the intervention were compared with outcomes after the intervention, and statistically analyzed using the χ2 test with Yates correction, considered significant when p<0.05. The initial dose of low-molecular-weight Heparin (LMWH) was guided by a scoring system based on the clinical and gestational history of the patients and screening tests for acquired and/or inherited thrombophilia. RESULTS: We included 84 pregnant women with 175 pregnancies before diagnosis, 20.0% of which resulted in fetal ou perinatal death, 40.0% resulted in abortion, 17.7% developed preeclampsia/eclampsia, 10.3% resulted in full-term births, and 29.7% in premature births. In the 84 pregnancies after intervention, 6.0% resulted in fetal ou perinatal death, 1.2% in abortion, 4.8% developed preeclampsia/eclampsia, 22.6% resulted in premature birth, and 70.2% in full-term birth. A significant reduction in the rate of stillbirths/perinatal death (p<0.05) and abortion (p<0.0001) and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of live births were observed after intervention. CONCLUSION: Enoxaparin-based intervention using a score system in pregnant women with thrombophilia is effective in improving perinatal outcome.

Avaliação de sódio, potássio e cloretos em diferentes tipos de amostras empregando uma metodologia ISE direto / Evaluation of sodium, potassium and chloride in different types of samples using Direct Method ISE

A tecnologia do eletrodo íon-seletivo (ISE) direto determina a concentração de eletrólitos no componente plasmático do sangue total ou em outros tipos de amostras não diluídas. Este estudo objetivou determinar a ocorrência de diferenças significativas entre os resultados de sódio, potássio e cloretos obtidos por um analisador de gases sanguíneos / eletrólitos integrados, método ISE direto entre amostras de soro e de sangue total arterial. Foi feito um estudo retrospectivo, prospectivo, quantitativo, por meio de busca de dados em arquivo do Laboratório de Análises Clínicas do Hospital Universitário Oeste do Paraná (HUOP). Nesta pesquisa, foram incluídas 206 amostras de pacientes admitidos no HUOP de diferentes setores, de ambos os gêneros e com idade variada. Todos os resultados foram comparados pelo Teste de Wilcoxon com um p<= 0,005 indicando significância estatística. Observou-se diferença significativa entre os valores dos constituintes potássio (p=0,0003) e sódio (p=0,035) obtidos a partir do soro e sangue total arterial pelo método ISE direto. Porém não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de cloretos obtidos a partir desses dois tipo de amostras.