RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The effects of COVID-19 confinement have been severe, especially in older adults. Therefore, we analyzed the factors associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in Latin America (LA). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study with a total of 5245 older adults from 10 countries in LA. Measurement: We used the Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) and the Eight-item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8) scale. RESULTS: We found that age, depressive symptomatology, bone fractures, being widowed, having a family member with dementia, and unemployment were associated with an increased risk of CI. In contrast, higher education, hypertension with continuous treatment, quarantine, and keeping stimulating cognitive and physical activities were associated with a lower probability of CI. No significant association was found between suffering from diabetes or being retired and CI. DISCUSSION: It is essential to conduct follow-up studies on these factors, considering their relationship with CI and the duration of confinement.
RESUMO
Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, con diseño transversal, realizada con el objetivo identificar los niveles de depresión y factores sociodemográficos asociados, en 190 estudiantes de Psicología, Medicina, Odontología y Enfermería, de una Universidad Pública del Magdalena (35,8% hombres y 64,2% mujeres, media de 20,4 años y D.T. de 2,7). Se aplicó el "Inventario de Depresión de Beck" (BDI, Beck, Rush, Shaw y Emery, 1979) y se registraron datos sociodemográficos. Se halló que el 52% sufre de algún grado de depresión: 8% depresión grave, 19% depresión moderada y 25% depresión leve. El mayor porcentaje lo presentó Medicina (5,7%), seguido de Odontología (1,5%), Enfermería (0,5%) y Psicología (0%). Las mujeres tuvieron mayor presencia de la enfermedad (30,4%) que los hombres (21,4%), pero los hombres tuvieron mayor depresión grave que las mujeres. La depresión grave se concentró más en estratos 1 y 2, y prevalece más edades de 18 a 24 años. Se concluye que existe una tendencia a presentar trastornos depresivos en esta población, lo cual puede llevar al ausentismo, deserción ó suicidio, conirmado por otros estudios. Se recomienda diseñar e implementar programas de prevención en la Universidad, y continuar con nuevos estudios.
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional design, carried out in order to identify levels of depression and associated sociodemographic factors in 190 students of Psychology, Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, a State University of Magdalena (35.8% men and 64.2% women, mean 20.4 years and DT 2.7). We applied the 'Beck Depression Inventory "(BDI, Beck, Rush, Shaw and Emery, 1979) and sociodemographic data were recorded. We found that 52% suffer from some degree of depression: major depression 8%, 19% moderate depression and 25% mild depression. The Medicine presented higher percentage (5.7%), followed by Dentistry (1.5%), Nursing (0.5%) and Psychology (0%). Women had a greater presence of the disease (30.4%) than men (21.4%), but men were more severely depressed than women. Major depression is more focused on layers 1 and 2, and is more prevalent ages 18 to 24 years. We conclude that there is a tendency to depressive disorders in this population, which can lead to absenteeism, desertion or suicide, as confirmed by other studies. It is recommended to design and implement prevention programs in the university and continue with further studies.