Erratum: Quantifying Qubit Magic Resource with Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill Encoding [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 210502 (2022)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.210502.

Quantifying Qubit Magic Resource with Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill Encoding.

Quantum resource theories are a powerful framework for characterizing and quantifying relevant quantum phenomena and identifying processes that optimize their use for different tasks. Here, we define a resource measure for magic, the sought-after property in most fault-tolerant quantum computers. In contrast to previous literature, our formulation is based on bosonic codes, well-studied tools in continuous-variable quantum computation. Particularly, we use the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code to represent multiqubit states and consider the resource theory for the Wigner negativity. Our techniques are useful in finding resource lower bounds for different applications as state conversion and gate synthesis. The analytical expression of our magic measure allows us to extend current analysis limited to small dimensions, easily addressing systems of up to 12 qubits.

Universal Gate Set for Continuous-Variable Quantum Computation with Microwave Circuits.

We provide an explicit construction of a universal gate set for continuous-variable quantum computation with microwave circuits. Such a universal set has been first proposed in quantum-optical setups, but its experimental implementation has remained elusive in that domain due to the difficulties in engineering strong nonlinearities. Here, we show that a realistic three-wave mixing microwave architecture based on the superconducting nonlinear asymmetric inductive element [Frattini et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 222603 (2017)APPLAB0003-695110.1063/1.4984142] allows us to overcome this difficulty. As an application, we show that this architecture allows for the generation of a cubic phase state with an experimentally feasible procedure. This work highlights a practical advantage of microwave circuits with respect to optical systems for the purpose of engineering non-Gaussian states and opens the quest for continuous-variable algorithms based on few repetitions of elementary gates from the continuous-variable universal set.

Does laparoscopic shaving for deep infiltrating endometriosis alter intestinal function? A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: 5-12% of deep infiltrating endometriosis involves the digestive tract, especially the distal sigmoid colon and rectum. Bowel endometriosis surgery may be associated with neurological complications. AIM: The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate whether excision of rectosigmoid deep infiltrating endometriosis by shaving technique alters intestinal and defecatory function at 6-months post-surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen women were enrolled in our tertiary care university hospital. They were affected by rectosigmoid endometriosis and underwent laparoscopic shaving excision of the nodule. Anorectal manometry was performed prior to and after surgery. The parameters studied were resting pressure, maximum squeezing pressure, pushing, rectoanal inhibitory reflex and rectal sensibility. The women completed a defecatory function questionnaire and ranked pain symptoms using a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: After surgery, no alteration of rectoanal inhibitory reflex was found. The tone of the internal anal sphincter was not significantly different before and after surgery. The defecatory function questionnaire revealed a significant improvement in constipation, urgency, bowel movements and anal eczema. No cases of incontinence were described. CONCLUSIONS: This report of the objective assessment of neurological intestinal alterations after rectal shaving of endometriotic nodules suggests the laparoscopic shaving technique preserves intestinal neurological activity.

Do women with deep infiltrating endometriosis have more tubal alterations? Objective evaluation of 473 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is associated with tubal alterations. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective study. Our study included 335 women with ovarian endometriosis (Group A), 66 women with DIE (Group B), and 72 women presenting with both conditions (Group C). We evaluated tubal morphology and patency during laparoscopic excision of endometriosis. Tubal patency was assessed by tubal dye test. Tubal morphology was determined using the tubal morphology score (TMS), obtained by a total grade of 4 parameters: tubal caliber, course, surface and fimbrial morphology. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the 3 groups regarding the presence of tubal occlusion (p = 0.23). Total TMS was not significantly different in the 3 groups (p = 0.13). A history of surgical treatment for endometriosis was associated with higher rate of tubal occlusion (p < 0.0005) and more severe morphological alterations (p < 0.0005). There was a positive correlation between number of previous surgical interventions and worse TMS (rho = 0.197, p < 0.0005). CONCLUSION: Alterations in tubal patency and morphology were not significantly different in patients with DIE as compared to women with ovarian endometriosis. History of surgical interventions for endometriosis was related with the presence of tubal alterations.

What is the impact on sexual function of laparoscopic treatment and subsequent combined oral contraceptive therapy in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis?

INTRODUCTION: Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is a form of endometriosis in which the lesion penetrates for more than 5 mm under the peritoneal surface. It is a chronic disease which can impair women's sexual function. There is a growing body of evidence supporting combined surgical/medical treatment in the management of DIE. AIMS: The aims of this article are to evaluate the impact of the laparoscopic full excision of endometriosis and postoperative combined oral contraceptives (COC) administration on sexual function in patients with DIE and to compare sexual function outcomes of women submitted to intestinal resection and nodule excision. METHODS: It is a prospective cohort study in a tertiary care university hospital on 106 sexually active women, with histologically confirmed DIE, managed by laparoscopy and subsequent COC therapy for 6 months. Patients filled preoperatively and 6-month postoperatively a quality of sexual life questionnaire, the Sexual Health Outcomes in Women Questionnaire (SHOW-Q) and they ranked their symptom intensity using a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sexual function was measured through the SHOW-Q scores and pain symptoms through VAS scores. Intraoperative details, type of intervention and perioperative complications were noted. RESULTS: Six months after surgery and postoperative COC treatment, a significant improvement was observed in the SHOW-Q domains of pelvic problem interference, sexual satisfaction and desire (P<0.05). Laparoscopic management of DIE did not change significantly the orgasm area of the sexual functioning (P=0.7). No significant difference was found in SHOW-Q scores between patients submitted to intestinal resection and patients submitted to intestinal nodule excision (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual desire, satisfaction with sex and pelvic problem interference with intercourse are significantly improved after 6 months from laparoscopic excision of DIE combined with postoperative COC therapy. No difference in sexual outcomes was detected between patients submitted to intestinal resection and nodule excision.

A new oral contraceptive regimen for endometriosis management: preliminary experience with 24/4-day drospirenone/ethinylestradiol 3 mg/20 mcg.

We report our preliminary experience with the use of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing Drospirenone/Ethinylestradiol 3 mg/20 mcg, both in cyclic and continuous regimen for endometriosis management. A total of 93 women were retrospectively included: 52 were treated by medical therapy (exclusive combined oral contraceptives (COC)-users), while 41 were submitted to surgery followed by postoperative therapy (postoperative COC-users). A clinical examination was performed at baseline and at 6-months follow-up. Presence and intensity of endometriosis-related symptoms were assessed by a visual analogue scale. Presence and dimension of endometriotic lesions were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography. Adverse effects and tolerability were analysed. In exclusive COC-users, significant reductions in dysmenorrhoea and dyspareunia scores and in endometrioma mean diameter were observed at follow-up. In postoperative COC-users, anatomical and symptom recurrence rates at follow-up were 4.9% and 17%, respectively. The most frequent adverse effects were spotting and headache. No difference between cyclic and continuous regimen in terms of symptom relief, lesion progression and tolerability was observed. From our preliminary experience, Drospirenone/Ethinylestradiol 3 mg/20 mcg seems to be promising in endometriosis management.

A case report of nasal endometriosis in a patient affected by Behcet's disease.

We present a case of nasal endometriosis, an uncommon extrapelvic implantation of endometriotic tissue. A woman with a history of pelvic endometriosis and Behcet's syndrome was diagnosed with nasal endometriosis after episodes of perimenstrual epistaxis and nasal pain. Despite being rare, the presence of catamenial symptoms and the possibility of performing endoscopic biopsy allowed us to make the diagnosis of nasal endometriosis. The simultaneous presence of Behcet's syndrome focused our attention on the pathogenesis and the therapeutic management of endometriosis.

Does laparoscopic management of deep infiltrating endometriosis improve quality of life? A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) can affect importantly patients' quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the laparoscopic management of DIE on QOL after six months from treatment. METHODS: It is a prospective cohort study. In a tertiary care university hospital, between April 2008 and December 2009, 100 patients underwent laparoscopic management of DIE and completed preoperatively and 6-months postoperatively a QOL questionnaire, the short form 36 (SF-36).Quality of life was measured through the SF-36 scores. Intra-operative details of disease site, number of lesions, type of intervention, period of hospital stay and peri-operative complications were noted. RESULTS: Six months postoperatively all the women had a significant improvement in every scale of the SF-36 (p < 0,0005). Among patients with intestinal DIE, significant differences in postoperative scores of SF-36 were not detected between patients submitted to nodule shaving and segmental resection (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the SF-36 scores at 6 months from surgery between patients who received postoperative medical treatment and patients who did not (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic excision of DIE lesions significantly improves general health and psycho-emotional status at six months from surgery without differences between patients submitted to intestinal segmental resection or intestinal nodule shaving.

Combined oral contraceptive therapy in women with posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis. DESIGN: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred six women with uncomplicated posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis scheduled to undergo laparoscopic surgery between November 2004 and November 2009. INTERVENTIONS: During the waiting-list time, between surgical scheduling and laparoscopic intervention (preoperative period), 75 patients received cyclic COCs (users), and 31 received no hormone therapy (COC nonusers). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients had undergone 2 clinical examinations, at surgical scheduling and immediately before surgery. Presence and intensity of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and dyschezia were evaluated using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) (primary outcome). In both examinations, patients underwent transvaginal ultrasonography to evaluate localization and mean diameter of endometriotic nodules. Quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) score. Mean (SD) nodule diameter at the beginning and end of the preoperative period in COC users was, respectively, 24.81 (15.13) mm and 26.66 (15.5) mm (p = .09), and in the nonuser group was, respectively, 23.09 (11.11) mm and 30.89 (19.1) mm (p = .007). In COC users, VAS scores for dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and dyschezia did not vary significantly during the preoperative period (p = .90, p = .55, p = .15, and p = .17, respectively). In nonusers, VAS scores for dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia were significantly higher at the second examination than at the first examination (p = .002 and p = .005, respectively), whereas scores for chronic pelvic pain and dyschezia did not vary during the preoperative period (p = .88 and p = .16, respectively). The Short Form-36 total score did not vary significantly during the preoperative period in either the COC user group (p = .82) or the nonusers group (p = .76). CONCLUSIONS: Combined oral contraceptive therapy can have a role in restraining the progression of dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia and the growth of deep endometriotic nodules.

Does exist a correlation between endometriosis and thrombophilic disorders? A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: At present, there is growing evidence of the existence of a genetic predisposition in both thrombophilic disorders and endometriosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate for the first time the prevalence of some thrombophilic disorders in patients with endometriosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 138 patients with endometriosis and 278 healthy control women. All women were subjected to a blood examination testing for thrombophilic screening and the variables examinated were: hyperhomocysteinemia, factor V Leiden and factor II prothrombin G20210A mutations in heterozygosis and homozigosis. RESULTS: A significant reduced prevalence (p < 0.05) of factor V Leiden mutation in endometriosis patients was found, whereas no significant differences (p = NS) for factor II and hyperhomocysteinemia were observed. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data do not show any association between thrombophilic condition and endometriosis. Before assuming hormonal therapies, a thrombophilic plasmatic screening seems to be unnecessary in patients affected by endometriosis.

Does colorectal endometriosis alter intestinal functions? A prospective manometric and questionnaire-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To objectively evaluate using anorectal manometry whether endometriotic nodules influence intestinal function and to reveal subjective intestinal dysfunctions in patients with rectosigmoid deep infiltrating endometriosis. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. PATIENT(S): Patients (n = 25) with a preoperative diagnosis of rectosigmoid endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S): Patients underwent anorectal manometry; after that, they filled a questionnaire about defecatory functions and ranked their pain symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The parameters studied were resting pressure, maximum squeezing pressure, pushing, rectoanal inhibitory reflex, and rectal sensibility. We analyzed the responses to the defecatory function questionnaire and the scored the endometriosis pain symptoms using a Visual Analogue Scale. RESULT(S): No alterations of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex were found. Hypertone of the internal anal sphincter was found in 20 of 25 patients. Almost half of the patients had an increase of the threshold of desire to defecate, and 7 patients had a reduction of the anal sphincter squeeze pressure. According to the responses to the defecatory function questionnaire, incomplete evacuation was the most common symptom. CONCLUSION(S): We did not find marked motility or sensitive dysfunctions at the anorectal manometry, whereas subjectively patients reported some defecatory disorders. We revealed the presence of hypertone of the internal anal sphincter in most of the patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: 74/2010/O/Sper.

Mixed adenocarcinoma of the rectovaginal septum associated with endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma: a case report.

PURPOSE: To present a case of primary mixed (clear cell and endometrioid type) adenocarcinoma of the rectovaginal septum, probably arising from endometriosis and associated with a highly differentiated, early-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. The case was managed by a minimally invasive approach and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: The patient underwent clinical/instrumental follow-up and a second-look laparoscopy after the primary surgery as well as adjuvant chemotherapy. No evidence of disease could be observed after the treatment. CONCLUSION: Surgery with postoperative chemotherapy can be recommended for the treatment of mixed adenocarcinoma of the rectovaginal septum.