Umbilical markers of perinatal hypoxia.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate activin A and NGAL levels as potential early markers of perinatal hypoxia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 58 full-term newborns: 24 with perinatal hypoxia (study group) and 34 healthy controls. Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from all subjects immediately after delivery for the measurement of activin A and NGAL levels. Both biomarkers were correlated with biochemical indicators od hypoxia and neonatal complications. RESULTS: Activin A levels were significantly higher in hypoxic as compared to non-hypoxic newborns (0.51 vs. 0.22pg/mL; p<0.01). NGAL levels were also higher in asphyxiated babies as compared to controls (99.1 vs. 22.3ng/mL; p<0.001). A correlation between NGAL and activin A levels was detected (R=0.54; p<0.01). NGAL concentration was also correlated with Apgar score at 5 min. and pH value, HCO3, based deficit and lactate levels. ROC curve analysis demonstrated the cutoff value of >33.9ng/ml for NGAL in prediction of perinatal asphyxia in neonates, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity 78.3%, whereas the cutoff value for activin A was 0.208ng/ml had, with a sensitivity of 93.1% and only 26.7% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Asphyxiated neonates demonstrate elevated NGAL and activin A levels as compared to controls. The correlation of NGAL with clinical and biochemical signs of neonatal hypoxia, as well as higher sensitivity and specificity for NGAL measurements, have led us to believe that NGAL could be a better marker of perinatal hypoxia than activin A.

Umbilical cord blood NGAL concentration as an early marker of perinatal asphyxia in neonates.

INTRODUCTION: Recent reports have revealed increased concentration of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in cardiovascular diseases and after episodes of hypoxia. We hypothesized that elevated plasma NGAL levels could be a result of vascular endothelial injury due to perinatal asphyxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-three newborns with a gestational age > or = 37 weeks, of which 32 newborns were asphyxiated (study group), and 61 were healthy children (control group), were enrolled in the study Serum NGAL, lactate and creatinine concentrations, acid-base balance, neutrophil and white blood cell count were measured in the umbilical cord blood. RESULTS: Asphyxiated newborns had a significantly lower pH value (7.0 vs. 7.3, p < 0.001), lower HCO3 (15.8 mmol/L vs. 23.2 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and higher lactate concentrations (7.5 mmol/L vs. 2.3 mmol/L; p < 0.001), as compared to controls. Neutrophil count (10.3 x 109/L vs. 6.5 x 109/L; p = 0.02) and NGAL concentration (122.5 ng/mL vs. 24.3 ng/ mL p < 0.001) were elevated in asphyxiated newborns as compared to healthy children. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of NGAL in the umbilical blood can be a valuable biomarker of perinatal asphyxia in neonates.

Plasma homocysteine concentrations in mothers and term and preterm newborns.

AIM: To assess the correlation between homocysteine concentrations and gestational age, gender Apgar score, complications in pregnancy delivery modalities and levels of vitamin B12 and foliate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Concentration of homocysteine, vitamins-B12, foliate were measured in cord blood and mother blood. There were 40 full-term babies and 38 preterm babies and their mothers. RESULT: The homocysteine concentration in newborns correlated with homocysteine level in mothers. There was no difference in homocysteine level regardless of newborns gender. There was no correlation in the homocysteine concentration of mothers blood and cord blood with the levels of vitamin 812 and foliate. In full-term newborns a significant increase in homocysteine levels in comparison with premature babies was observed (7.2 +/- 1.4 micromol/ vs. 6.4 +/- 1.3 micromo/l; p = 0.01). Additionally negative correlation between the mothers' age and homocysteine concentration (r = -0.23; p = 0.04) and positive correlation between homocysteine concentration in cord plasma and gestation age (r = 0.28; p = 0.01) were found. CONCLUSION: Homocysteine concentration depends on gestational age, Apgar score and mother's age. There is no correlation between homocysteine level and hypertension during pregnancy type of delivery levels of vitamin 812 and foliate. Determination of homocysteine level is therefore of no significant importance in newborns pathophysiology.

[Activin A as a possible marker for hypoxia and intraventricular haemorrhage in newborns]. / Aktywina A potencjalnym markerem niedotlenienia okoloporodowego oraz krwawien dokomorowych u noworodków.

The article presents general information about activin A, a glycoprotein that belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. Structure, mechanism and role of activin as a possible marker of hypoxia and intraventricular haemorrhage were described.

Umbilical neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level as an early predictor of acute kidney injury in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a primarily described complication after unbalanced systemic perfusion in neonates with congenital heart defects, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The aim of the study was to compare the umbilical NGAL concentrations between neonates born with HLHS and healthy infants, as well as to analyze whether the determination of NGAL level could predict AKI in neonates with prenatally diagnosed HLHS. Twenty-one neonates with prenatally diagnosed HLHS were enrolled as study group and 30 healthy neonates served as controls. Perinatal characteristics and postnatal parameters were extracted from the hospital neonatal database. In umbilical cord blood, we determined plasma NGAL concentrations, acid base balance, and lactate and creatinine levels. In neonates with HLHS, complications (respiratory insufficiency, circulatory failure, NEC, IVH, and AKI) were recorded until the day of cardiosurgery. We observed in neonates with HLHS higher umbilical NGAL levels compared to controls. Among 8 neonates with HLHS and diagnosed AKI stage 1, we observed elevated NGAL levels in comparison to those newborns without AKI. Umbilical NGAL could predict, with high sensitivity and specificity, AKI development in study neonates. We suggest that the umbilical blood NGAL concentration may be an early marker to predict AKI in neonates with HLHS.

Umbilical activin A concentration as an early marker of perinatal hypoxia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate activin A as a potential, early marker of perinatal hypoxia and to analyze factors, other than hypoxia, which influence on activin A concentration. METHODS: Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from 86 newborns with gestational age 30-41. Of the 86 newborns, 26 were regarded as hypoxic. Activin A concentrations were measured by means of specific two-site enzyme immunoassays. Activin A concentrations were correlated with newborns' gender, week gestation, mode of delivery and blood gas measurements. RESULTS: Activin A levels were significantly higher in hypoxic than nonhypoxic newborns (medians, minimum and maximum values: 1.516; 0.149 -1.974 versus 0.368; 0.054 - 1.041 ng/mL, p = 0.0452). Activin A concentration was significantly higher in male newborns (p = 0.0074). Activin A levels were lower in term than preterm babies but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.2368 in hypoxic, p = 0.2487 nonhypoxic). Mode of delivery did not influence on activin A concentration (p = 0.8293 hypoxic, p = 0.9458 nonhypoxic). The differences of occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in both group was not statistically significant (p = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS: Umbilical artery activin A combined with other markers of hypoxia could be a useful marker of perinatal hypoxia. Concentration of activin A is significantly higher in male newborns. The mode and time of delivery have no influence on activin A concentration.

[Congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation - diagnosis and treatment - based on literature and own experiences]. / Wrodzona torbielowatosc gruczolakowata pluc - diagnostyka i leczenie - na podstawie literatury oraz wlasnych doswiadczen.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is an uncommon congenital abnormality of the lung which has a wide spectrum of potential outcomes, ranging from hydrops and severe respiratory distress with pulmonary hypoplasia, to resolution of the lesion either antenatally or postnatally. Most of the babies are asymtomaptic. It is caused by arrest of normal foetal pulmonary maturation. The prognosis is generally good. In cases where the lesion persists, surgery is recommended. CCAM is an important diagnosis and can be suspected on routine antenatal ultrasound. It has implication for both the ongoing pregnancy, at delivery and later in life. The authors present a male newborn with CCAM diagnosed during the neonatal period. The diagnosis was based on CT scan and histopathological examination. Characteristic plural cystic defects in the lungs were found. The patient was referred for surgical treatment.