Cryptococcus gattii infection in an immunocompetent patient from Southern Italy.

Cryptococcus gattii has becoming more prevalent in temperate climate zones, during the past decades. We describe a C. gattii serotype B infection in an immunocompetent Italian patient with sclerosing cholangitis. The patient traveled once to Eastern Canada and otherwise no other countries than Italy were visited. Molecular analysis revealed that the C. gattii isolate belong to genotype AFLP4/VGI and has mating-type α which is the most common genotype in the Mediterranean environment. The C. gattii strain was found to be closely related, but not identical, to other C. gattii strains from the Mediterranean area.

Thoracic aorta graft infection by avibactam-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae treated with meropenem/vaborbactam: a case report and literature review.

Meropenem/vaborbactam (M/V) is a new carbapenem-carbapenemase inhibitor combination drug active against extensively drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Studies about its efficacy and place in therapy are limited in "real-life" and no data are available for deep site infections, like vascular graft infections. We present a case of a patient successfully treated with M/V for a thoracic aorta graft infection, placed for a traumatic penetrating aortic ulcer, due to an extensively KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to ceftazidime/ avibactam. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic literature review concerning vascular graft infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and the papers published until now about the use of M/V for the treatment of ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant K. pneumoniae. Meropenem/vaborbactam is a promising antibiotic for difficult-to-treat Gram-negative bacteria with limited therapeutic options. Only few reports have been published and more studies are needed to assess which is the best place in therapy of M/V.

Recurrent neurosurgical site infection by extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa treated with cefiderocol: a case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Cefiderocol is a new siderophore cephalosporin designed to be active against extensively resistant Gram-negative bacteria; however, clinical studies are limited to complicated urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and intra-abdominal infections. To date, no data are available on neurosurgical site infections. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a patient successfully cured with Cefiderocol for a neurosurgical site infection due to extensively resistant P. aeruginosa, who had failed a previous treatment based on combined antimicrobial therapy and right parietal bone excision. CONCLUSIONS: Cefiderocol is a promising antibiotic for complicated infections due to multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria.