[Experience with endoluminal functional luminal probe (EndoFLIP) at San Ignacio University Hospital, Bogota, Colombia]. / Experiencia con sonda luminal funcional endoluminal (EndoFLIP) en Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: The EndoFLIP (for its acronym in English: endoluminal functional luminal probe) is a system that measures in real time the compliance index of the gastroesophageal junction and secondary esophageal peristalsis, based on the principle of impedance planimetry. Although this technology is relatively new and its diagnostic usefulness is still being evaluated, its use in clinical practice is increasingly recognized, fundamentally in those patients where there is no conclusive manometric diagnosis of esophageal motor pathology, mainly esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and achalasia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to describe the experience with EndoFLIP at the San Ignacio University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive observational case series study, which included patients over 18 years of age who had undergone EndoFLIP at the San Ignacio University Hospital from 2021 to 2022, either in-hospital or outpatient, with a clear indication of performance of the study, previously discussed in the multidisciplinary Gastroenterology Board. RESULTS: A total of 27 patients with an average age of 55 years were included in the study, of which 20 were women (74%) and 7 men (26%). The most frequent indication of the study was an inconclusive diagnosis of outflow tract obstruction identified in high-resolution esophageal manometry according to Chicago 4.0 criteria (14 patients), followed by hypercontractile esophagus (4 patients) and ineffective esophageal motility (3 patients). When evaluating the contractile response, it was found that 9 patients with an inconclusive diagnosis of outflow tract obstruction had a normal response, 3 absent and one altered; and in the patients with an inconclusive diagnosis of achalasia, one of them had a borderline contractile response and two had no response. All patients with a previous diagnosis of absent contractility had an equally absent contractile response in EndoFLIP. CONCLUSION: Endoluminal functional luminal imaging is a technique that evaluates biomechanical properties such as distensibility, volume, pressure and even diameters of sphincter regions such as the gastroesophageal junction, pylorus and anus. Its usefulness has been highlighted for several indications, the most important being manometrically inconclusive diagnoses of esophageal motor disorders such as achalasia and outflow tract obstruction, pathologies that have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and whose diagnosis is essential to be able to provide the best treatment option.

Sleep Quality, Insomnia, and Perceived Stress among Colombian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a great burden on healthcare workers worldwide. The aim of the present study was to assess sleep quality, insomnia, and perceived stress in healthcare workers of a high complexity hospital located in Bogota, Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional study in which 1,155 healthcare workers at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia were included, between September and October 2020. Using an online-based survey, self-reported variables were assessed including demographics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and 10 item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Associations between these variables were evaluated. Results Fifty percent of the respondents were between 31 and 45 years old, and 76 percent were women. Most of the surveyed were the nursing staff. Poor sleep quality, insomnia, and high perceived stress was found in 74.9, 12.4, and 13.2%, respectively. Poor sleep quality was predominantly found in females, in the 31 to 45 years old group and in married personnel. Also, poor sleep quality was found in relation to a moderate to high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection by the family of the workers surveyed. Discussion Poor sleep quality, moderate rates of insomnia, and perceived stress were found among healthcare workers committed to COVID-19 infected patients in Colombia. The identification of workers at greater risk and the implementation of targeted interventions are called upon as the results.

Use of health care services according to functional performance in community-dwelling older adults in Spain. An approach using GAMLSS models.

Functional performance in older adults is a predictor of survival and other health outcomes and its measurement is highly recommended in primary care settings. Functional performance and frailty are closely related concepts, and frailty status is associated with the use of health care services. However, there is insufficient evidence on the utilization of services profile according to the functional performance of older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between functional performance and the use of a wide range of health services in community-dwelling older adults. Generalized additive models for location, scale and shape were used to study these complex data of services utilization, from primary to hospital care. A total of 749 participants from two Spanish regions were followed up for 2 years. Of those, 276 (37%) presented low functional performance and 473 (63%) normal performance according to the Timed Up and Go test. The results showed that even after adjusting for burden of comorbidity and polypharmacy, participants with low functional performance used primary and secondary care health services more intensively, visited emergency rooms more often, and were hospitalized more frequently and for longer periods of time. A negative binomial distribution and a variant thereof were found to be the best models to describe health service utilization data. In conclusion, functionality should be considered as an important health indicator for tailoring the provision of health services for older adults.

Current Approach to Training and Assessing New Generations of Endoscopists / Enfoque actual para enseñar y evaluar a las nuevas generaciones de endoscopistas

Abstract Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic and therapeutic study for various upper gastrointestinal tract diseases. It is a fundamental part of the education and training fellows receive in gastroenterology programs, focusing on developing skills to perform it safely, effectively, and efficiently and master the technique. Historically, value has been attached to the number of procedures required to acquire skills; there is a discrepancy in the recommendations by scientific societies regarding the "ideal" number to meet the minimum requirements and learn the necessary skills. However, each student has different innate and developed abilities that make this process asymmetric. Adopting a combined training approach (observation, clinical practice, and simulation) is the best method to learn diagnostic EGD. We are facing a generation with forms of learning different from those traditionally implemented, which implies an ongoing process of training and updating for endoscopists dedicated to teaching.

Resumen La esofagogastroduodenoscopia (EGD) es un estudio diagnóstico y terapéutico para diferentes enfermedades del tracto gastrointestinal superior, que hace parte fundamental de la formación y el entrenamiento que reciben los fellows en los programas de gastroenterología, y se centra en el desarrollo de capacidades para llevarla a cabo de manera segura, eficaz, eficiente y con un claro dominio de la técnica. Históricamente, se le ha dado un valor fundamental a la cantidad de procedimientos requeridos para la adquisición de las habilidades y existe discrepancia en la recomendación dada por las diferentes sociedades científicas respecto a la cantidad "ideal" para cumplir con las exigencias mínimas y lograr las destrezas necesarias; sin embargo, cada estudiante tiene unas habilidades innatas y desarrolladas diferentes que hacen que ese proceso sea asimétrico en cada caso. La adopción de un enfoque de entrenamiento combinado (observación, práctica clínica y simulación) es el mejor método para aprender EGD diagnóstica, dado que estamos frente a una generación que tiene formas de aprendizaje diferentes a las implementadas tradicionalmente, lo cual implica un proceso de entrenamiento y actualización constante de los endoscopistas que se dedican a la docencia.

Pyloric EndoFlip and Its Clinical Use in Gastroparesis / EndoFLIP pilórico y su utilidad clínica en gastroparesia

Abstract Gastroparesis is a chronic disorder of gastric motility that results in marked impairment of quality of life and significant costs to health care systems. Medical therapies are limited in their management, thus, the reason for a growing enthusiasm for pylorus-targeted therapies. The functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) is a useful diagnostic tool for assessing pylorus characteristics, especially in refractory cases, which could lead to a better management strategy and, in many cases, predict clinical response.

Resumen La gastroparesia es un trastorno crónico de la motilidad gástrica que genera un deterioro marcado de la calidad de vida y costos significativos en los sistemas de salud. Las terapias médicas son limitadas para su manejo, por lo cual ha surgido un entusiasmo creciente en las terapias dirigidas al píloro. La sonda de imagen luminal funcional (FLIP) ha demostrado ser una herramienta diagnóstica útil para evaluar las características del píloro, especialmente en casos refractarios, en los que podría guiar hacia una mejor estrategia de manejo y, en muchos casos, predecir la respuesta clínica.

Experiencia con sonda luminal funcional endoluminal (EndoFLIP) en Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia / Experience with endoluminal functional luminal probe (EndoFLIP) at San Ignacio University Hospital, Bogota, Colombia

RESUMEN Introducción: La EndoFLIP (por sus siglas en inglés: sonda luminal funcional endoluminal) es un sistema que mide en tiempo real el índice de la distensibilidad de la unión esofagogástrica y el peristaltismo esofágico secundario, basándose en el principio de planimetría de impedancia. Aunque esta tecnología es relativamente nueva y su utilidad diagnóstica aún se encuentra en evaluación, cada vez se reconoce más su uso en la práctica clínica, fundamentalmente en aquellos pacientes donde no hay un diagnóstico manométrico conclusivo de un trastorno motor esofágico, principalmente obstrucción al tracto de salida y acalasia. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la experiencia con la EndoFLIP en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo tipo serie de casos, donde se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años a quienes se les realizó EndoFLIP en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio desde el año 2021 hasta el 2022, bien sea de forma intrahospitalaria como ambulatoria, con indicación clara de realización del estudio, previamente discutida en Junta multidisciplinaria de Gastroenterología. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 27 pacientes en el estudio con promedio de 55,6 años de edad, de los cuales 20 eran mujeres (74%) y 7 hombres (26%). La indicación más frecuente del estudio fue diagnóstico no conclusivo de obstrucción al tracto de salida identificado en manometría esofágica de alta resolución de acuerdo a los criterios de la clasificación de Chicago 4.0 (14 pacientes), seguido de esófago hipercontráctil (4 pacientes) y motilidad esofágica inefectiva (3 pacientes). Al evaluar la respuesta contráctil, se encontró que 9 pacientes con diagnóstico no conclusivo de obstrucción al tracto de salida tenían respuesta normal, 3 ausente y una alterada; y en los pacientes con diagnóstico no conclusivo de acalasia uno de ellos tenía respuesta contráctil limítrofe y dos ausente. La totalidad de los pacientes con diagnóstico previo de contractilidad ausente, tenían respuesta contráctil igualmente ausente en la EndoFLIP. Conclusiones: La imagen luminal funcional endoluminal es una técnica que evalúa las propiedades biomecánicas como la distensibilidad, volumen, presión e inclusive diámetros de regiones esfinterianas como la unión esofagogástrica, píloro y ano. Se ha destacado su utilidad para varias indicaciones, siendo las más importantes los diagnósticos manométricamente no conclusivos de trastornos motores esofágicos como la acalasia y la obstrucción del tracto de salida, patologías que tienen un impacto importante en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y cuyo diagnóstico es esencial para poder brindar la mejor opción terapéutica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The EndoFLIP (for its acronym in English: endoluminal functional luminal probe) is a system that measures in real time the compliance index of the gastroesophageal junction and secondary esophageal peristalsis, based on the principle of impedance planimetry. Although this technology is relatively new and its diagnostic usefulness is still being evaluated, its use in clinical practice is increasingly recognized, fundamentally in those patients where there is no conclusive manometric diagnosis of esophageal motor pathology, mainly esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and achalasia. Objective: The aim of the present study is to describe the experience with EndoFLIP at the San Ignacio University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Material and methods: Descriptive observational case series study, which included patients over 18 years of age who had undergone EndoFLIP at the San Ignacio University Hospital from 2021 to 2022, either in-hospital or outpatient, with a clear indication of performance of the study, previously discussed in the multidisciplinary Gastroenterology Board. Results: A total of 27 patients with an average age of 55 years were included in the study, of which 20 were women (74%) and 7 men (26%). The most frequent indication of the study was an inconclusive diagnosis of outflow tract obstruction identified in high-resolution esophageal manometry according to Chicago 4.0 criteria (14 patients), followed by hypercontractile esophagus (4 patients) and ineffective esophageal motility (3 patients). When evaluating the contractile response, it was found that 9 patients with an inconclusive diagnosis of outflow tract obstruction had a normal response, 3 absent and one altered; and in the patients with an inconclusive diagnosis of achalasia, one of them had a borderline contractile response and two had no response. All patients with a previous diagnosis of absent contractility had an equally absent contractile response in EndoFLIP. Conclusion: Endoluminal functional luminal imaging is a technique that evaluates biomechanical properties such as distensibility, volume, pressure and even diameters of sphincter regions such as the gastroesophageal junction, pylorus and anus. Its usefulness has been highlighted for several indications, the most important being manometrically inconclusive diagnoses of esophageal motor disorders such as achalasia and outflow tract obstruction, pathologies that have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and whose diagnosis is essential to be able to provide the best treatment option.