Novel data dependent divider circuit block implementation for complex division and area critical applications.

This article elaborates on the state-of-the-art novel Udayan S. Patankar (USP)-Awadhoot algorithm for distinctive implementation area improvement for area-critical electronic applications. The proposed USP-Awadhoot divider is a digit recurrence class, but it can be flexibly implemented as a restoring or nonrestoring algorithm. The implementation example indicates the use of the Baudhayan-Pythagoras triplet method in association with the proposed USP-Awadhoot divider. The triplet method provides an easy way to generate Mat_Term1, Mat_Term2, and T_Term, which are further utilized with the proposed USP-Awadhoot divider. The USP-Awadhoot divider is implemented in three parts. First is preprocessing circuit stage for executing a dynamic separate scaling operation on input operands, ensuring the inputs are in the correct form. Second is the processing circuit stage for implementing the conversion logic expressed by the Awadhoot matrix, and third is the postprocessing circuit stage for recombining the individual results into the final result. The proposed divider works upto 285 MHz frequency with a power estimation of 3.366 W, also significantly improves the chip area requirements over those of the commercially and noncommercially implemented solutions.

Spatial patterns of an endemic Mediterranean palm recolonizing old fields.

Throughout Europe, increased levels of land abandonment lead to (re)colonization of old lands by forests and shrublands. Very little is known about the spatial pattern of plants recolonizing such old fields. We mapped in two 21-22-ha plots, located in the Doñana National Park (Spain), all adult individuals of the endozoochorous dwarf palm Chamaerops humilisL. and determined their sex and sizes. We used techniques of spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA) to precisely quantify the spatial structure of these C. humilis populations. The objective was to identify potential processes generating the patterns and their likely consequences on palm reproductive success. We used (1) Thomas point process models to describe the clustering of the populations, (2) random labeling to test the sexual spatial segregation, and (3) mark correlation functions to assess spatial structure in plant sizes. Plants in both plots showed two critical scales of clustering, with small clusters of a radius of 2.8-4 m nested within large clusters with 38-44 m radius. Additional to the clustered individuals, 11% and 27% of all C. humilis individuals belonged to a random pattern that was independently superimposed to the clustered pattern. The complex spatial pattern of C. humilis could be explained by the effect of different seed-dispersers and predators' behavior and their relative abundances. Plant sexes had no spatial segregation. Plant sizes showed a spatial aggregation inside the clusters, with a decreasing correlation with distance. Clustering of C. humilis is strongly reliant on its seed dispersers and stressful environmental conditions. However, it seems that the spatial patterns and dispersal strategies of the dwarf palm make it a successful plant for new habitat colonization. Our results provide new information on the colonization ability of C. humilis and can help to develop management strategies to recover plant populations.

El zinc plasmático y su relación con los percentiles de crecimiento de niños costarricenses en áreas urbanas / Plasma zinc and its relation with growth percentiles in urban Costa Rican children

El presente estudio reporta la relación de los percentiles de crecimiento con algunos indicadores del estado nutricional de Zinc, en un grupo de 114 niños costarricenses con edades entre los seis y los 14 meses. Se seleccionaron de áreas urbanas pobres en la provincia San José, mediante el sistema de muestreo por conglomerados. Para medir la adecuación nutricional de zinc se utilizó el valor de zinc plasmático, el valor en el plasma de las principales proteínas relacionadas con su transporte (albúmina y alfa 2 macroglobulina) y de la proteína transportadora del retinol (P.T.R) como indicador de disponibilidad de zinc a nivel hepático. En el 14 por ciento de los casos los niveles plasmáticos de zinc están por debajo del límite inferior normal (< 70 ug/dl) que estadísticamente encontramos con confiabilidad del 95 por ciento para los niños con percentiles normales de crecimiento (peso/talla, edad/talla, mayores del 10 percentil). Es en este grupo de niños normales (55 por ciento) donde se encuentran la mayoría de los dieciseis casos con niveles subnormales de zinc. Los niños con concentraciones menores de 70 ug/dl de zinc en al plasma y los que tenían valores normales no mostraron diferencias significativas (p <0.05), ni relación con las categorías de estado nutricional según medidas antropométricas y bioquímicas del estudio (albúmina, alfa 2 macroglobulina y P.T.R). En los niños con desgaste y achicamiento, se encontraron concentraciones promedio de zinc plasmático significativamente mayores (p <0.05), de 123.7 ug/dl. El 37.2 por ciento de los niños se localizan por debajo del 10 percentil (edad/talla, peso/talla) sin relación con los indicadores de deficiencia de zinc, reportada como factor ambiental que contribuye a la frecuencia de retraso en el crecimiento en determinados grupos de población