Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery outcomes in patients with severe left ventricle dysfunction: inverse probability weighted study.

OBJECTIVE: In this study we aimed to compare on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) outcomes in patients presented with low left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) as a high-risk group of patients. METHODS: In this registry-based study from 2014 and 2016, all patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (EF less than 35%) were included and followed until 2020. The median follow-up period was 47.83 [38.41, 55.19] months. Off pump CABG (OPCABG) was compared with on-pump CABG (ONCABG) in terms of mid-term non-fatal cardiovascular events (CVEs) and all-cause mortality. Propensity score method (with inverse probability weighting technique) was used to compare these two groups. RESULTS: From 14,237 patients who underwent isolated CABG, 2055 patients with EF ≤ 35% were included; 1705 in ONCABG and 350 patients in OPCABG groups. Although OPCABG was associated with lower risk of 30-days mortality (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.021; Confidence Interval [CI] 95% [0.01, 0.05], P < 0.001); there was no significant difference between OPCABG and ONCABG in term of mid-term mortality and non-fatal CVEs ((Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.822; 95%CI [0.605, 1.112], p = 0.208) and (HR: 1.246; 95%CI [0.805, 1.929], p = 0.324), respectively). Patients with more than three traditional coronary artery disease risk factors, had more favorable outcomes (in terms of mid-term mortality) if underwent OPCABG (HR: 0.420; 95%CI [0.178, 0.992], p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: OPCABG was associated with lower risk of 30-days mortality; however, mid-term outcomes were comparable in both OPCABG and ONCABG techniques.

Mid-term outcomes of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery; statistical challenges in comparison.

BACKGROUND: Despite several studies comparing off- and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the effectiveness and outcomes of off-pump CABG still remain uncertain. METHODS: In this registry-based study, we assessed 8163 patients who underwent isolated CABG between 2014 and 2016. Propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability of weighting (IPW) and covariate adjustment were performed to correct for and minimize selection bias. RESULTS: The overall mean age of the patients was 62 years, and 25.7% were women. Patients who underwent off-pump CABG had shorter length of hospitalization (p < 0.001), intubation time (p = 0.003) and length of ICU admission (p < 0.001). Off-pump CABG was associated with higher risk of 30-days mortality (OR: 1.7; 95% CI 1.09-2.65; p = 0.019) in unadjusted analysis. After covariate adjustment and matching (PSM and IPW), this difference was not statistically significant. After an average of 36.1 months follow-up, risk of MACCE and all-cause mortality didn't have significant differences in both surgical methods by adjusting with IPW (HR: 1.03; 95% CI 0.87-1.24; p = 0.714; HR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.73-1.14; p = 578, respectively). CONCLUSION: Off-pump and on-pump techniques have similar 30-day mortality (adjusted, PSM and IPW). Off-pump surgery is probably more cost-effective in short term; however, mid-term survival and MACCE trends in both surgical methods are comparable.

Costochondritis caused by Aspergillus flavus following cardiac surgery.

Mediastinitis is an infrequent complication after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) that is associated with prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stay, and increased early and late morbidity and mortality. Patients with mediastinitis have an osteoporotic, fragile, and broken sternum. All foreign bodies as well as infected tissue should be removed. Osteomyelitis of sternum often perseveres after debridement for mediastinitis. In this report, we describe an unusual case of costochondritis caused by aspergillosis following off pump CABG surgery in a male patient in Yazd-Iran.

Effects of allopurinol and vitamin E on renal function in patients with cardiac coronary artery bypass grafts.

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure is a common complication of cardiac surgery, with oxidants found to play an important role in renal injury. We therefore assessed whether the supplemental antioxidant vitamin E and the inhibitor of xanthine oxidase allopurinol could prevent renal dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: Of 60 patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 mL/min scheduled to undergo CABG surgery, 30 were randomized to treatment with vitamin E and allopurinol for 3-5 days before surgery and 30 to no treatment. Serum creatinine levels and potassium and creatinine clearances were measured preoperatively and daily until day 5 after surgery. RESULTS: The patients consisted of 31 males and 29 females, with a mean age of 63 +/- 9 years. After surgery, there were no significant differences in mean serum creatinine (1.2 +/- 0.33 vs 1.2 +/- 0.4 mg/dL; p = 0.43) concentrations, or creatinine clearance (52 +/- 12.8 vs 52 +/- 12.8 mL/min; p = 0.9). The frequency of acute renal failure did not differ in treatment group compared with control (16% vs 13%; p = 0.5). Length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly longer in the control than in the treated group (3.9 +/- 1.5 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7 days; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic treatment with vitamin E and allopurinol had no renoprotective effects in patients with pre-existing renal failure undergoing CABG surgery. Treatment with these agents, however, reduces the duration of ICU stay.