Comparative study using propensity score matching analysis in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer with or without multimodal prehabilitation.

INTRODUCTION: The complication rate after major abdominal surgery is from 35 to 50%. The multimodal prehabilitation covers all the pre-operative problems to guarantee a faster recovery and reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality after a colorectal procedure. METHODS: Observational study, in patients with CRC who underwent surgical treatment between November 2020 and September 2022. The data of the patients were placed in 2 groups: prehabilitation group (PPH) and no prehabilitation group (NPPH). Demographic data, type of cancer, operative data, and postoperative data were collected. Characteristics between the groups were compared after a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis for the detection of differences. RESULTS: After the PSM analysis, 46 patients were in PPH, and 63 patients were in NPPH. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications (p = 0.192). The median of comprehensive complication index (CCI) was 0 (p = 0.552). Patients in the NPPH had more hospital readmissions (p = 0.273) and more emergency room visits (p = 0.092). Multivariate log binomial regression adjusted for complications showed that pre-habilitation reduces the risk of a pos-operative complication (OR: 0.659, 95%CI, 0.434-1.00, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative complication rate and LOS were similar between patients who receive operative multimodal prehabilitation for CRC surgery and those who did not. Prehabilitation was associated with reduced risk of postoperative complication after multivariate log binomial regression adjusted for complications. Patients who underwent prehabilitation had a slightly lower tendency for postoperative ER visits and hospital readmissions.

Surgical treatment of rectal cancer: prospective cohort study about good oncologic results and low rates of abdominoperineal excision.

OBJECTIVES: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of rectal cancer surgery, in a unit adopting the principles of total mesorectal excision (TME) with a high restorative procedure rate and with a low rate of abdominoperineal excision (APE). METHODS: we enrolles patients with extraperitoneal rectal cancer undergoing TME or TME+APE. Patients with mid rectal tumors underwent TME, and patients with tumors of the lower rectum and no criteria for APE underwent TME and intersphincteric resection. Those in which the intersphincteric space was invaded and in those with a free distal margin less than 1cm or a tumor free radial margin were unattainable underwent APE or extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE). We assessed local recurrence rates, overall survival and involvement of the radial margin. RESULTS: sixty (89.6%) patients underwent TME and seven (10.4%) TME + APE, of which five underwent ELAPE. The local recurrence, in pacientes undergoing TME+LAR, was 3.3% and in patients undergoing APE, 14.3%. The local recurrence rate (p=0.286) or the distant recurrence rate (p=1.000) was similar between groups. There was no involvement of radial margins. Survival after 120 months was similar (p=0.239). CONCLUSION: rectal malignancies, including those located in the low rectum, may be surgically treated with a low rate of APE without compromising oncological principles and with a low local recurrence rates.

Polyp detection in the cecum and ascending colon by dye based chromoendoscopy - Is its routine use justified?

INTRODUCTION: colonoscopy is the best method for detecting polyps, with a reduction in colorectal cancer mortality of 29% and reaching 47% for distal tumors. However, it fails to demonstrate a significant reduction in proximal colon cancer mortality, and is the most common segment with interval neoplasm. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact on detection of polyps of a second sequential evaluation of cecum and ascending colon, with or without the use of indigo carmine chromoendoscopy. METHODS: prospective, non-randomized clinical trial. Patients were divided into two groups. The first (G1) underwent a routine colonoscopy, followed by a second endoscopy assessment of ascending colon and cecum. The second group (G2) underwent a routine colonoscopy, followed by a second assessment of the ascending colon and cecum with indigo carmine chromoendoscopy. RESULTS: In total, 203 patients were analyzed, 101 in the G1 and 102 in the G2. Newer polyps were identified in both groups after the second assessment with a significantly higher number of polyps detected in the patients in the G2 (p=0.0001). The number of patients who had at least one polyp in the two endoscopic assessments was significantly higher in the G2 (53 or 52% vs 27 or 26.7%, p=0.0002). In the second endoscopic assessment, the number of polyps found was also significantly higher in the G2 (50 or 76.9%) compared to the G1 (15 or 23.1%), p<0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: the second assessment with dye-based chromoendoscopy increases the detection of polyps in the ascending colon and cecum.

Assessing morbidity, mortality, and survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) indicates advanced stage cancer, which is generally associated with a poor outcome and a 6 to 12 months. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an option for treating patients with primary PC, such as mesothelioma, or secondary PC, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) or pseudomixoma. Until recently, such patients were deemed untreatable. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of CRS + HIPEC in patients with PC. Postoperative complications, mortality and survival rates were evaluated according to the diagnosis. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients with PC, undergoing full CRS + HIPEC between October 2004 and January 2020, were enrolled. The mortality rate was 3.8% and the morbidity rate was 61.5%. Complications were significantly higher in proportion to the duration of surgery (p<0.001). The overall survival rates, as shown in the Kaplan-Meyer curve, were respectively 81%, 74% and 53% at 12, 24 and 60 months. Survival rates according to each diagnosis for the same periods were 87%, 82% and 47% in patients with pseudomixoma, and 77%, 72% and 57% in patients with CRC (log-rank 0.371, p=0.543). CONCLUSION: CRS with HIPEC is an option for pacients with primary or secondary PC. Although complication rates are high, a longer survival rate may be attained compared to those seen in previously published results; in some cases, patients may even be cured.

Polyp detection in the cecum and ascending colon by dye based chromoendoscopy - Is its routine use justified? / Uso de cromoscopia com corante para detecção de pólipos em ceco e cólon ascendente - Deve ser utilizado de rotina?

ABSTRACT Introduction: colonoscopy is the best method for detecting polyps, with a reduction in colorectal cancer mortality of 29% and reaching 47% for distal tumors. However, it fails to demonstrate a significant reduction in proximal colon cancer mortality, and is the most common segment with interval neoplasm. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact on detection of polyps of a second sequential evaluation of cecum and ascending colon, with or without the use of indigo carmine chromoendoscopy. Methods: prospective, non-randomized clinical trial. Patients were divided into two groups. The first (G1) underwent a routine colonoscopy, followed by a second endoscopy assessment of ascending colon and cecum. The second group (G2) underwent a routine colonoscopy, followed by a second assessment of the ascending colon and cecum with indigo carmine chromoendoscopy. Results: In total, 203 patients were analyzed, 101 in the G1 and 102 in the G2. Newer polyps were identified in both groups after the second assessment with a significantly higher number of polyps detected in the patients in the G2 (p=0.0001). The number of patients who had at least one polyp in the two endoscopic assessments was significantly higher in the G2 (53 or 52% vs 27 or 26.7%, p=0.0002). In the second endoscopic assessment, the number of polyps found was also significantly higher in the G2 (50 or 76.9%) compared to the G1 (15 or 23.1%), p<0.0001. Conclusions: the second assessment with dye-based chromoendoscopy increases the detection of polyps in the ascending colon and cecum.

RESUMO Introdução: a colonoscopia é o melhor método para detecção de pólipos, com redução da mortalidade por câncer colorretal de 29% e chegando até 47% para tumores distais. No entanto, existe falha em demonstrar redução significativa na mortalidade no cólon proximal sendo o segmento mais comum de neoplasia de intervalo. O presente estudo avaliou o impacto na detecção de pólipos em uma segunda avaliação sequencial do ceco e cólon ascendente, com ou sem o uso de cromoendoscopia com Indigo carmim. Métodos: estudo prospectivo, não randomizado. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro (G1) foi submetido à colonoscopia de rotina, seguida de segunda avaliação endoscópica do cólon ascendente e ceco. O segundo grupo (G2) foi submetido à colonoscopia de rotina, seguida de segunda avaliação do cólon ascendente e ceco com cromoendoscopia com índigo carmim. Resultados: no total, foram analisados 203 pacientes, sendo 101 do G1 e 102 do G2. Novos pólipos foram identificados em ambos os grupos após a segunda avaliação com número significativamente maior de pólipos detectados nos pacientes do G2 (p=0,0001). O número de pacientes que apresentaram pelo menos um pólipo nas duas avaliações endoscópicas foi significativamente maior no G2 (53 ou 52% vs 27 ou 26,7%, p=0,0002). Na segunda avaliação endoscópica, o número de pólipos encontrados também foi significativamente maior no G2 (50 ou 76,9%) em relação ao G1 (15 ou 23,1%), p<0,000. Conclusão: a segunda avaliação com cromoendoscopia com índigo carmim aumenta a detecção de pólipos no cólon ascendente e no ceco.

Assessing morbidity, mortality, and survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy / Avaliação da morbimortalidade e da sobrevida em pacientes portadores de carcinomatose peritoneal submetidos a cirurgia citorretorredutora e quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal (HIPEC)

ABSTRACT Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) indicates advanced stage cancer, which is generally associated with a poor outcome and a 6 to 12 months. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an option for treating patients with primary PC, such as mesothelioma, or secondary PC, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) or pseudomixoma. Until recently, such patients were deemed untreatable. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the results of CRS + HIPEC in patients with PC. Postoperative complications, mortality and survival rates were evaluated according to the diagnosis. Results: Fifty-six patients with PC, undergoing full CRS + HIPEC between October 2004 and January 2020, were enrolled. The mortality rate was 3.8% and the morbidity rate was 61.5%. Complications were significantly higher in proportion to the duration of surgery (p<0.001). The overall survival rates, as shown in the Kaplan-Meyer curve, were respectively 81%, 74% and 53% at 12, 24 and 60 months. Survival rates according to each diagnosis for the same periods were 87%, 82% and 47% in patients with pseudomixoma, and 77%, 72% and 57% in patients with CRC (log-rank 0.371, p=0.543). Conclusion: CRS with HIPEC is an option for pacients with primary or secondary PC. Although complication rates are high, a longer survival rate may be attained compared to those seen in previously published results; in some cases, patients may even be cured.

RESUMO O diagnóstico de carcinomatose peritoneal (CP), indica um estágio avançado do câncer e em geral está associado a um mau prognóstico com sobrevida média variando de 6 a 12 meses. A cirurgia citorredutora (CRS) associada à quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC) tem sido descrita como uma opção de tratamento para os pacientes portadores de CP primária como nos portadores de mesotelioma, ou secundária como em portadores de cancer colorretal ou pseudomixoma, até recentemente considerados sem possibilidade terapêutica. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento de pacientes portadores de CP submetidos a CRS + HIPEC. Foram analisadas as taxas complicações pós-operatórias, mortalidade e a sobrevida desses pacientes. Resultados: Foram incluídos 56 pacientes com CP, submetidos a c CRS + HIPEC, no período de Outubro 2004 a Janeiro 2020. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 3,8% e taxa de morbidade de 61,5%, sendo a ocorrência de complicações significativamente maior quanto maior o tempo cirúrgico (p<0,001). A sobrevida global pela curva de Kaplan-Meyer foi de 81%, 74% e 53% em 12, 24 e 60 meses respectivamente. Já a sobrevida por diagnóstico nos mesmos períodos foi de 87%, 82%, 47% para os pacientes portadores de pseudomixoma e de 77%, 72% e 57% para pacientes portadores de câncer colorretal (Log -RANK 0,371, p=0,543). Conclusão: A CRS + HIPEC é uma opção de tratamento para pacientes portadores de CP primária ou secundária. Embora com taxa de complicações elevadas, pode proporcionar aumento da sobrevida quando comparado com resultados prévios da literatura e em alguns casos até a cura.

Surgical treatment of rectal cancer: prospective cohort study about good oncologic results and low rates of abdominoperineal excision / Tratamento cirúrgico do câncer retal: estudo coorte prospectivo com bons resultados oncológicos e baixas taxas de amputação abdominoperineal

ABSTRACT Objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of rectal cancer surgery, in a unit adopting the principles of total mesorectal excision (TME) with a high restorative procedure rate and with a low rate of abdominoperineal excision (APE). Methods: we enrolles patients with extraperitoneal rectal cancer undergoing TME or TME+APE. Patients with mid rectal tumors underwent TME, and patients with tumors of the lower rectum and no criteria for APE underwent TME and intersphincteric resection. Those in which the intersphincteric space was invaded and in those with a free distal margin less than 1cm or a tumor free radial margin were unattainable underwent APE or extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE). We assessed local recurrence rates, overall survival and involvement of the radial margin. Results: sixty (89.6%) patients underwent TME and seven (10.4%) TME + APE, of which five underwent ELAPE. The local recurrence, in pacientes undergoing TME+LAR, was 3.3% and in patients undergoing APE, 14.3%. The local recurrence rate (p=0.286) or the distant recurrence rate (p=1.000) was similar between groups. There was no involvement of radial margins. Survival after 120 months was similar (p=0.239). Conclusion: rectal malignancies, including those located in the low rectum, may be surgically treated with a low rate of APE without compromising oncological principles and with a low local recurrence rates.

RESUMO Objetivos: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados da cirurgia do câncer de reto, em uma unidade que adota os princípios da excisão total do mesorreto (ETM) com baixa taxa de amputação abdominoperineal (AAP). Métodos: os pacientes com câncer retal extraperitoneal foram submetidos a ETM ou ETM com amputação abdominoperianeal. Pacientes com tumores de reto médio foram submetidos a EMT e pacientes com tumores de reto inferior e sem critérios para AAP foram submetidos a EMT e ressecção interesfincteriana. Aqueles em que o espaço interesfincteriano foi invadido e naqueles com margem distal livre menor que 1cm ou margem radial livre de tumor foram inatingíveis foram submetidos a AAP ou excisão abdominoperineal extraelevadora (ELAPE). Avaliamos as taxas de recorrência local, sobrevida global e envolvimento da margem radial. Resultados: sessenta (89,6%) pacientes realizaram ETM e sete (10,4%) ETM + AAP, dos quais cinco realizaram ELAPE. A recidiva local, em pacientes submetidos a ETM com ressecção anterior baixa, foi de 3,3% e em pacientes submetidos a AAP, 14,3%. A taxa de recorrência local (p=0,286) ou a taxa de recorrência à distância (p=1,000) foi semelhante entre os grupos. Não houve envolvimento das margens radiais. A sobrevida após 120 meses foi semelhante (p=0,239). Conclusão: as neoplasias malignas retais, incluindo aquelas localizadas no reto baixo, podem ser tratadas cirurgicamente com baixo índice de AAP, sem comprometer os princípios oncológicos e com baixo índice de recorrência local.

Injection of freshly collected adipose tissue for the treatment complex cryptoglandular anal fistula: case report

Introduction: Perianal fistula is a common colorectal disease which is caused mainly by cryptoglandular disease. Although most cases are treated successfully by surgery, management of complex perianal fistulas (CPAF) remains a challenge with limited results in recurrence and sometimes associated with fecal incontinence. The CPAF treatment with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) had become a research hotspot. The technique started to be used in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) fistulas, where the studies showed safe and goods result from the procedure. Cultured ASCs have been used but this approach requires the preceding collection of adipose tissue, time for isolation of ASCs and subsequent in vitro expansion, need for laboratory facilities, and expertise in cell culturing. These factors have been getting over by using the commercially available alternative, allogenic ASCs. Treatment with allogeneic ASCs has shown good results in patients with CD fistulas, however with the disadvantage of being expensive. Objective: To show that the injection with freshly collected adipose tissue is an alternative to treatment with autologous or allogenic ASCs with several advantages. Methods: In this case report, we show our first experience in the treatment of CPAF with the application of collected adipose tissue in a tertiary referral hospital from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Results The patient had a good postoperative recuperation with a complete fistula healing after 8 months without adverse effects. Conclusion: Injection with freshly collected adipose tissue is a promising and apparently safe sphincter-sparing technique in the treatment of CPAF. (AU)

Results of videolaparoscopic surgical treatment of diverticular disease of the colon / Resultados do tratamento cirúrgico videolaparoscópico da doença diverticular do cólon

ABSTRACT Introduction: Diverticular disease of the colon (DDC) is the fifth most common gastrointestinal disease in developed Western countries, with mortality rates of 2.5 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the occurrence of complications, conversion rate, use of stoma, deaths and time of hospitalization among patients undergoing rectosigmoidectomy for DDC and patients undergoing the same surgery for other reasons. Method: This was an observational retrospective comparative study. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Hospital Felicio Rocho - Minas Gerais, Brazil - and the data were obtained from the same hospital database. Results: The groups were classified according to age, gender, presence of comorbidities, and ASA classification. There was no evidence indicating a significant difference between groups. In this analysis, no perioperative complications were observed and there was no need for a stoma, and no deaths or fistulas occurred. Conclusion: Elective laparoscopic surgical treatment of DDC in the analyzed group showed no difference in complications, duration of surgery and hospitalization time versus control group. Therefore, the laparoscopic surgical treatment of diverticular disease translates into an excellent tool for both the surgeon and the patient.

RESUMO Introdução: A Doença Diverticular do Cólon (DDC) é a quinta doença gastrointestinal mais frequente nos países desenvolvidos do ocidente com índices de mortalidade de 2,5 por 100.000 habitantes por ano. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo é comparar a ocorrência de complicações, taxa de conversão, utilização de estoma, óbito e tempo de internação entre pacientes submetidos a retossigmoidectomia por DDC e pacientes submetidos ao mesmo procedimento cirúrgico por outras causas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo comparativo, retrospectivo observacional. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética do Hospital Felício Rocho - Minas Gerais, Brasil - e os dados foram obtidos no banco de dados do mesmo hospital. Resultados: Os grupos foram classificados em relação à idade, sexo, presença ou não de comorbidades e classificação ASA. Observou-se que não existem evidências indicando diferença significativa entre os grupos. Não houveram complicações per-operatórias, necessidade de estoma, bem como óbitos ou fístulas nesta análise. Conclusão: O tratamento cirúrgico eletivo videolaparoscópico da DDC no grupo analisado não apresentou diferença quanto às complicações, o tempo de cirurgia e o tempo de internação em relação ao grupo controle. Portanto, o tratamento cirúrgico laparoscópico da doença diverticular traduz-se em excelente ferramenta tanto para o cirurgião quanto para o paciente.

Quality of life assessment in the late postoperative period of patients with rectal cancer submitted to total mesorectal excision / Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de reto submetidos a excisão total do mesorreto em pós-operatório tardio

After the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) and radiochemotherapy, excellent results have been achieved in the treatment of patients with rectal cancer. With better oncologic control of the disease, the functional results of this type of therapeutic approach and their impact on the quality of life (QOL) of patients started to be increasingly valued. The aims of this study were to evaluate the QOL of patients with rectal cancer submitted to TME in the late postoperative period and the possible factors that directly influence their quality of life. A total of 72 patients submitted to TME due to extraperitoneal rectal tumor were assessed, after at least one postoperative year, by applying QOL questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CR38), in addition to a specific clinical questionnaire and rectal examination. Patients were evaluated regarding gender, age, indication of radiotherapy and chemotherapy preoperatively, length of postoperative period, distance from the anastomosis to the anal verge and general health status. The mean overall health status of patients was satisfactory (82.06). There was no difference in overall health status between patients with respect to gender, but the male patients had less insomnia (p = 0.002), better future prospects (p = 0.011), fewer effects of chemotherapy (p = 0.020) and better sexual function (p < 0.0001). Patients younger than 50 years had fewer urinary problems (p = 0.035), whereas those older than 65 years reported poorer sexual function (p = 0.012). Patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy had more diarrhea (p = 0.012). Quality of life did not change significantly with time after surgery and the distance from the anastomosis to the anal verge. We conclude that patients undergoing TME have a good quality of life one year after the surgery and that the factors capable of affecting QOL should be identified and improved. (AU)

A introdução da cirurgia de excisão total do mesorreto (ETM) e da radioquimioterapia propiciaram excelentes resultados no tratamento do câncer de reto. Com o melhor controle oncológico da doença, os resultados funcionais deste tipo de abordagem terapêutica e seu impacto na qualidade de vida (QV) dos pacientes passaram a ser cada vez mais valorizados. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a QV dos pacientes portadores de câncer retal submetidos à ETM, em pós-operatório tardio e os possíveis fatores capazes de influenciar diretamente na qualidade de vida dos mesmos. Foram avaliados 72 pacientes submetidos à ETM por tumor de reto extraperitoneal, com no mínimo, um ano de pós-operatório, por meio da aplicação de questionários de QV (EORTC QLQ-C30 e EORTC QLQ-CR38), além de questionário clínico específico e exame proctológico. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto a gênero, idade, realização de radioterapia e quimioterapia pré-operatórias, tempo de pós-operatório, distância da anastomose à margem anal e estado global de saúde. A média do estado global de saúde dos pacientes avaliados foi satisfatória (82,06). Não se observou diferença na saúde global entre os pacientes com relação ao gênero, porém os pacientes do sexo masculino apresentaram menos insônia (p = 0,002), melhores perspectivas futuras (p = 0,011), menos efeitos da quimioterapia (p = 0,020) e melhor função sexual (p < 0,0001). Os pacientes com menos de 50 anos apresentaram menos problemas miccionais (p = 0,035), já os com mais de 65 anos relataram uma pior função sexual (p = 0,012). Os pacientes que realizaram neoadjuvância apresentaram mais diarreia (p = 0,012). A qualidade de vida não se alterou significativamente de acordo com o tempo de pós-operatório e distância da anastomose à margem anal. Conclui-se que os pacientes submetidos à ETM apresentam uma boa qualidade de vida após um ano de cirurgia e que os fatores envolvidos capazes de influenciar a QV devem ser identificados e otimizados. (AU)

Implementation of a colorectal laparoscopic surgical program: short-term outcomes and conversion rates / Implementacao de programa de cirurgia colorretal laparoscopica: resultados de curto prazo e taxas de conversao

PURPOSE: although laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of colorectal diseases represents a major advance, it is currently performed in less than a third of patients undergoing colectomies. The aim of this study is to analyze the initial results of laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgeries (LACS) performed in a department of Coloproctology in a tertiary hospital, as well as to study the impact of age, gender and body mass index (BMI) and use of ultrasonic scissors or vessel sealing devices in relation to conversion rate. METHODS: this is a prospective observational study with 215 patients who underwent LACS between January 2006 and June 2010 in the Department of Coloproctology at Felicio Rocho Hospital, Belo Horizonte. The data obtained from a specific electronic database included demographics, diagnosis, use of ultrasonic scissors or vessel sealing devices, reason for conversion, duration of hospitalization, lymph node harvest in cancer specimens, complications, and deaths. RESULTS: the laparoscopic-assisted approach corresponded to 36.4% of all colorectal surgeries performed during the study period. Most patients were female (74%), with a mean age of 53.2 years. Ultrasonic scissors or vessel sealing devices were used in 32% of LACS. Specimen extraction and anastomosis were performed through an auxiliary incision in most cases. The overall conversion rate was 12%, with a decrease of 47% after the first year. We did not observe any association between conversion rate and age, gender, BMI, and the use of ultrasonic scissors and vessel sealing devices. The average hospital stay was of 7.7 days and the overall rate of complications was 20%, including 10 anastomotic leaks (4.65%). The rate of postoperative mortality was 1.86%. CONCLUSIONS: despite the difficulties related to the learning curve and unavailability of ultrasonic scissors or vessel sealing devices in most cases, the implementation of LACS in our department can be considered successful in relation to short-term results and conversion rates. (AU)

OBJETIVO: embora o uso da cirurgia laparoscópica no tratamento de doenças colorretais represente um avanço significativo, é realizada atualmente em menos de um terço dos pacientes submetidos à colectomias. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar os resultados iniciais de cirurgias colorretais laparoscópicas vídeo-assistidas (LACS) realizadas no departamento de Coloproctologia de hospital terciário, bem como estudar o impacto da idade, sexo e índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a utilização de tesoura ultrassônica ou dispositivos para selamento hemostático dos vasos em relação à taxa de conversão. MÉTODOS: esse é um estudo observacional prospectivo com 215 pacientes submetidos à LACS entre janeiro de 2006 e junho de 2010 no Departamento de Coloproctologia do Hospital Felício Rocho, em Belo Horizonte. Os dados obtidos a partir de uma base de dados eletrônica específica incluíram dados demográficos, diagnóstico, uso de tesouras ultrassônica ou dispositivos para selamento hemostático dos vasos, taxa de conversão, tempo de hospitalização, linfonodo dissecados na peça cirúrgica, complicações e mortes. RESULTADOS: a abordagem laparoscópica correspondeu a 36,4% de todas as cirurgias colorretais realizadas durante o período de estudo. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (74%), com idade média de 53,2 anos. A tesoura ultrassônica ou dispositivos para selamento hemostático dos vasos foram utilizados em 32% das LACS. A extração de amostras e a anastomose foram realizadas através de uma incisão auxiliar na maioria dos casos. A taxa de conversão global foi de 12%, com uma diminuição de 47 % após o primeiro ano. Não observamos associação entre a taxa de conversão e idade, sexo, IMC, bem como a utilização de tesouras ultrassônicas e dispositivos para selamento hemostático dos vasos. O tempo médio de internação foi de 7,7 dias, a taxa global de complicações foi de 20%, incluindo 10 fístulas anastomóticas (4,65 %). A taxa de mortalidade pós-operatória foi de 1,86%. CONCLUSÕES: apesar das dificuldades relacionadas com a curva de aprendizado e indisponibilidade da tesoura ultrassônica ou dispositivos para selamento hemostático dos vasos na maioria dos casos, a implementação de LACS em nosso departamento pode ser considerada bem sucedida em relação aos resultados de curto prazo e taxas de conversão. (AU)

Uso neoadjuvante do mesilato de imatinibe no tratamento de GIST retal volumoso: relato de caso / Neoadjuvant use of imatinib mesylate for treatment of large rectal GIST: case report

Tem sido relevante o papel das drogas que interferem na atividade tirosina-quinase dos receptores c-kit, no tratamento dos tumores derivados do estroma gastrintestinal (GISTs), sobretudo em tumores volumosos. Relata-se o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 56 anos, obeso, com quadro de peso retoanal associado a tenesmo e à sensação de evacuação incompleta. Foi diagnosticado volumoso GIST de reto inferior de localização posterior, visualizado por ressonância magnética e confirmado por estudo imunoistoquímico em punção-biópsia parassacral, guiada por tomografia. A impressão inicial foi de necessidade de amputação abdômino-perineal do reto, pois havia importante compressão do canal anal e do aparelho esfincteriano. Optou-se, então, por indicação de neoadjuvância com mesilato de imatinibe (Glivec®) na tentativa de preservação esfincteriana. Após quatro meses de tratamento, apresentava, ao toque retal, redução significativa (cerca de 50 por cento) do volume da massa e em menor grau à ressonância magnética. Paciente foi submetido à excisão total do mesorreto e anastomose colo-anal manual, com ileostomia protetora. Evoluiu com necrose do cólon abaixado, tendo sido realizada ressecção do mesmo e colostomia terminal ilíaca. O paciente recusou a se submeter a uma nova tentativa de abaixamento colo-anal, tendo sido fechada a ileostomia e restabelecido trânsito pela colostomia ilíaca. No tratamento dos GISTs de reto muito volumosos ou irressecáveis, deve-se avaliar a indicação pré-operatória do imatinibe, uma vez que a cirurgia radical deve ser sempre indicada, a fim de minimizar a possibilidade de recorrência local.

The role of drugs that intervene with the tirosine kinase activity on the c-kit receptors in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) has been considered very important, mainly in large tumors. We report a case of a male patient, 56 years-old, obese, presenting with feeling of rectal pressure and incomplete evacuation. Work-up revealed a large inferior rectal GIST located in the posterior wall, suspected on MRI and confirmed by immunohistochemical study of a parasacral biopsy guided by tomography. The supposed initial approach was an abdominoperineal resection, since tumor was compressing anal canal and sphincter complex. In order to save the sphincters, we have decided to refer patient to neoadjuvant treatment with imatinib mesylate (Glyvec®). After four months of treatment, a down staging of tumor was observed during rectal exam (about 50 percent), which was smaller on pelvic RNM. Patient was undergone to total mesorectal excision with manual coloanal anastomosis and protective ileostomy. He presented necrosis of mobilized left colon and underwent to resection, and terminal iliac colostomy. Subsequently, patient refused to undergo through a new coloanal anastomosis and remain with iliac colostomy after ileostomy takedown. In the treatment of unresectable or large rectal GISTs, the use of imantinib should be strongly considered, since that radical surgery is the main approach to reduce the possibility of local recurrence.

Superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome - case report

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is an entity generally caused by the loss of the intervening mesenteric fat pad, resulting in compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery. This article reports the case of a patient with irremovable metastatic adenocarcinoma in the sigmoid colon, that evolved with intense vomiting. Intestinal transit was carried out, which showed important gastric dilation extended until the third portion of the duodenum, compatible with superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Considering the patient's nutritional condition, the medical team opted for the conservative treatment. Four months after the surgery and conservative measures, the patient did not present vomiting after eating, maintaining previous weight. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is uncommon and can have unspecific symptoms. Thus, high suspicion is required for the appropriate clinical adjustment. A barium examination is required to make the diagnosis. The treatment can initially require gastric decompression and hydration, besides reversal of weight loss through adequate nutrition. Surgery should be adopted only in case of clinical treatment failure. (AU)

A síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior é uma entidade clínica causada geralmente pela perda do tecido adiposo mesentérico, resultando na compressão da terceira porção do duodeno pela artéria mesentérica superior. Esse artigo relata o caso clínico de uma paciente portadora de adenocarcinoma de cólon sigmoide metastático irressecável, que evoluiu com vômitos incoercíveis. Realizou-se, então, trânsito intestinal que evidenciou dilatação gástrica importante, que se prolongava até a terceira porção duodenal, quadro radiológico compatível com pinçamento da artéria mesentérica superior. Diante da condição nutricional da paciente, foi optado por iniciar medidas conservadoras (porções alimentares pequenas e mais frequentes, além de decúbito lateral esquerdo após as refeições). Quatro meses após a cirurgia e as medidas conservadoras, a paciente não apresentava mais vômitos pós-prandiais, nem emagrecimento. A síndrome da artéria mesentérica inferior é incomum e os sintomas podem ser inespecíficos. Sendo assim, um índice elevado de suspeita é exigido no ajuste clínico apropriado. O diagnóstico é feito, habitualmente, através de exame radiológico contrastado. O tratamento pode, inicialmente, exigir a descompressão gástrica e a reposição volêmica, além da reversão da perda de peso com nutrição adequada. A cirurgia deve ser reservada para os casos de falha do tratamento clínico. (AU)