Distance education methods are useful for delivering education to palliative caregivers: A single-arm trial of an education package (PalliativE Caregivers Education Package).

BACKGROUND: Face-to-face/group education for palliative caregivers is successful, but relies on caregivers travelling, being absent from the patient, and rigid timings. This presents inequities for those in rural locations. AIM: To design and test an innovative distance-learning educational package (PrECEPt: PalliativE Caregivers Education Package). DESIGN: Single-arm mixed-method feasibility proof-of-concept trial (ACTRN12616000601437). The primary outcome was carer self-efficacy, with secondary outcomes focused on caregiver preparedness and carer tasks/needs. Analysis focused on three outcome measures (taken at baseline and 6 weeks) and feasibility/acceptability qualitative data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A single specialist palliative care service. Eligible informal caregivers were those of patients registered with the outpatient or community service, where the patient had a prognosis of ⩾12 weeks, supporting someone with nutrition/hydration and/or pain management needs, proficient in English and no major mental health diagnosis. RESULTS: Two modules were developed and tested (nutrition/hydration and pain management) with 18 caregivers. The materials did not have a statistically significant impact on carer self-efficacy. However, statistically significant improvements were observed on the two subsidiary measures of (1) caregiving tasks, consequences and needs ( p = 0.03, confidence interval: 0.72, 9.4) and (2) caregiver preparedness ( p = 0.001, confidence interval: -1.22, -0.46). The study determined that distance learning is acceptable and feasible for both caregivers and healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION: Distance education improves caregiver preparedness and is a feasible and acceptable approach. A two-arm trial would determine whether the materials benefitted caregivers and patients compared to a control group not receiving the materials. Additional modules could be fruitfully developed and offered.

Family Meetings in Inpatient Specialist Palliative Care: A Mechanism to Convey Empathy.

CONTEXT: Family meetings are increasingly used in palliative care, yet have little empirical evidence of their impact in inpatient settings. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether relatives report more empathy after a family meeting in a specialist palliative care inpatient ward. METHODS: Pre/post self-complete questionnaires measuring relational empathy and information needs were administered. Qualitative interviews were also conducted. Data were collected during nine months from one inpatient specialist palliative care unit. Participants from 52 family meetings completed pre/post questionnaires, and 13 relatives participated in an interview that was analyzed thematically. RESULTS: Families reported more empathy from staff after a family meeting (Wilcoxon test: n = 47; P > 0.001; Z score -4.17). Some families with relatives who do not speak with each other reported that meeting facilitators were unable to manage the pre-existing dynamics. CONCLUSION: Family meetings improve reported empathy. It would be beneficial to have more specific preparation and planning by the clinical team for meetings with people who have a history of familial conflict, and those where the staff's agenda is around discharge planning. Published guidelines could be adapted to better support staff to run meetings where there are complex family dynamics. Adoption of family meetings in outpatient settings has the potential to improve perceptions of empathy with a larger patient group.

The nature of conflict in palliative care: A qualitative exploration of the experiences of staff and family members.

OBJECTIVES: Conflict is a significant and recurring problem in healthcare. This study aimed to understand staff and relatives' perspectives on the characteristics of conflict and serious disagreement in adult palliative care, including triggers, risk factors and the impact on themselves and clinical care. METHODS: Qualitative study of 25 staff and seven bereaved relatives using individual interviews, recruited from a multidisciplinary specialist palliative care setting in Australia. Data were analysed thematically. RESULTS: Communication was frequently cited as a cause of conflict. Further, different understandings regarding disease process, syringe drivers and providing nutrition/hydration caused conflict. Staff applied empathy to moderate their responses to conflict. Relatives' reactions to conflict followed a trend of anger/frustration followed by explanations or justifications of the conflict. Relatives identified systemic rather than interpersonal issues as triggering conflict. CONCLUSIONS: The data illustrate connections with conflict literature in other clinical areas, but also points of convergence such as the compassion shown by both families and staff, and the identification of systemic rather than always individual causes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Family meetings may fruitfully be applied to prevent and de-escalate conflict. Clinical audits may be useful to identify and provide support to families where there may be unresolved conflict impacting grief process.