RESUMO
Sensory processing is a fundamental aspect of the nervous system that plays a pivotal role in the cognitive decline observed in older individuals with dementia. The "sensory diet", derived from sensory integration theory, may provide a tailored approach to modulating sensory experiences and triggering neuroplastic changes in the brain in individuals with dementia. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate the current knowledge regarding the sensory diet and its potential application to dementia. This review encompassed an extensive search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, covering articles published from 2010 to 2023. Keywords such as "sensory integration", "sensory modulation", "healthy aging", and "dementia" were utilized to identify relevant studies. The types of materials retrieved included peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, ensuring a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape. This article offers a comprehensive exploration of the effectiveness of sensory diets such as tactile stimulation, auditory therapies, and visual interventions, which have demonstrated noteworthy efficacy in addressing challenges linked to aging and dementia. Research findings consistently report positive outcomes, such as improved cognitive function, elevated emotional well-being, and enhanced overall quality of life in older individuals. Furthermore, we found that the integration of sensory diets with the metaverse, augmented reality, and virtual reality opens up personalized experiences, fostering cognitive stimulation and emotional well-being for individuals during aging. Therefore, we conclude that customized sensory diets, based on interdisciplinary cooperation and leveraging technological advancements, are effective in optimizing sensory processing and improve the overall well-being of older individuals contending with sensory modulation challenges and dementia.
RESUMO
El SARS COV 2, tomó por sorpresa al mundo, con impacto en el sector salud, generándose una gran crisis sanitaria, golpeados por escasez de insumos, de equipos, de personal y capacidad instalada insuficiente para la atención de la contigencia. Ademas, la infodemia, el pánico y el miedo con sus respectivas consecuencias, se empodero de la sociedad civil, situación que no es ajena a sector salud, por ello, este relato de experiencia tuvo objetivo describir la gestión del servicio de medicina crítica de un hospital de Guayaquil- Ecuador durante la pandemia por el Coronavirus. En los centros asitenciales, el personal se enfrenta all desafío sanitario, principalmente en la gestión del servicio de medicina crítica. Al ser nombrado hospital centinela, con una capacidad instadala redujo de 494 a 200 camas, y se creó además el área de hospitalización de infectología; La interrelación de profesionales de la enfermería, médicos infectólogos, médicos neumólogos, servicios de terapia física y rehabilitación, servicios de nutrición, y los terapistas respiratorios, fue fundamental para afrontar la crisis, para vela por el bienestar del paciente, no solo en la parte física, sino psicología y de humanización. No obtante, el miedo a lo desconocido inherente a la especie humana, se transforma en pánico ante esta enfermedad provocando emociones, sentimientos, vivencias exacerbadas, y la inseguridad y desconfianza en que el sistema sanitario(AU)
SARS COV 2 took the world by surprise, with an impact on the health sector, generating a major health crisis, hit by a shortage of supplies, equipment, personnel and insufficient installed capacity for contingency care. In addition, the infodemic, panic and fear with their respective consequences, empowered civil society, a situation that is not unrelated to the health sector, therefore, this experience report aimed to describe the management of the critical medicine service of a Guayaquil-Ecuador hospital during the Coronavirus pandemic. In care centers, the staff faces the health challenge, mainly in the management of the critical medicine service. Being named a sentinel hospital, with an installed capacity it was reduced from 494 to 200 beds, and the infectious disease hospitalization area was also created; The interrelation of nursing professionals, infectious disease doctors, pulmonologists, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, nutrition services, and respiratory therapists, was essential to face the crisis, to ensure the well-being of the patient, not only in the physics, but psychology and humanization. However, the fear of the unknown inherent in the human species is transformed into panic in the face of this disease, causing emotions, feelings, exacerbated experiences, and insecurity and distrust in the health system(Au)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/epidemiologia , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Hospitais , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/organização & administração , Equador/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La nueva pandemia de coronavirus es la mayor crisis de salud pública que el mundo ha enfrentado en más de un siglo. Los temores e incertidumbres generados por la llegada repentina, alta peligrosidad y exponencial crecimiento de la enfermedad unidos a las medidas subsecuentes como el aislamiento que modificaron drásticamente la rutina, nivel de vida y economía de cada individuo influenciaron grandemente en detrimento de la salud mental de las personas, elevendo los reportes de ansiedad, depresión y estrés de la población. Con el objetivo de diagnosticar los niveles de este último asociados a la pandemia por COVID-19, se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico a los estudiantes y profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil (Ecuador) y profesionales de la salud, aplicando la Escala de Estrés Percibido (EEP-10), adaptada y validada al contexto de COVID-19, con enfoques cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se aceptó un total de 860 encuestas, con predominancia del sexo femenino (68,6%), y donde 61% de los participantes informó ser estudiante mientras que el 27,8% trabaja en asistencia sanitaria. El 13% de los encuestados mostró niveles de estrés percibido alto con una media de xÌ =17,017 (± 7,15) entre un valor mínimo de 0 y máximo de 40. En el análisis multivariado se determinó que el género (-2,399), tener un familiar con enfermedades crónicas (-1,61), familiar diagnosticado con COVID-19 (-1,764) y familiar fallecidos con COVID-19 (-2,3) son variables que influyen significativamente en el nivel de estrés percibido.
The new coronavirus pandemic is the biggest public health crisis the world has faced in more than a century. The fears and uncertainties generated by the sudden arrival, high danger and exponential growth of the disease together with subsequent measures such as isolation that drastically modified the routine, standard of living and economy of each individual greatly influenced the mental health of the patients. people, raising the reports of anxiety, depression and stress in the population. In order to diagnose the levels of the latter associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a non-probability sampling was applied to students and professors of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Guayaquil (Ecuador) and health professionals, applying the Perceived Stress Scale (EEP-10), adapted and validated to the context of COVID-19, with quantitative, descriptive and transversal approaches. A total of 860 surveys were accepted, predominantly female (68.6%), and where 61% of the participants reported being a student while 27.8% work in health care. 13% of the respondents showed high levels of perceived stress with a mean of xÌ = 17.017 (± 7.15) between a minimum value of 0 and a maximum of 40. In the multivariate analysis it was determined that gender (-2,399), having a family member with chronic diseases (-1,61), family member diagnosed with COVID-19 (-1,764) and family member who died with COVID-19 (-2,3) are variables that significantly influence the level of perceived stress.
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Resumen La percepción social que tenga una profesión está directamente relacionado con lo que el profesional transmita de su propia identidad. En el caso específico de la enfermería, lleva en sus hombros una carga histórica que, en lugar de darle prestigio, le dado estigmas, tales como: el uso de uniforme, el ejercicio enfermería como castigo (pago de pecados) y el comienzo de la profesionalización con Florence Nightingale. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos Scielo, Google Académico, Biblioteca virtual de salud de la OMS, con los términos boleanos de "percepción social" "enfermería" "identidad profesional" y se obtuvieron 34 artículos científicos de tipo revisión o de reflexión; se seleccionaron artículos de menos de 5 años que responda a la búsqueda e interés del autor. Como resultados, se obtuvo que la enfermería como profesión posee estigmas como debilidad, invisibilidad, poca autonomía, injusta remuneración, juguete sexual y demás estereotipos. Se concluye que, si bien las creencias erróneas de enfermería están intricadas en la población, el enfermero es el único encargado de construir una identidad profesional sólida, la cual se transmitirá a la sociedad.
Summary the social perception that a profession has is directly related to what the professional transmits of his own identity. In the specific case of nursing, he carries on his shoulders a historical burden that, instead of giving him prestige, gave him stigmata, such as: the use of uniform, the nursing exercise as punishment (payment of sins) and the beginning of the Professionalization with Florence Nightingale. A bibliographic review was carried out in databases Scielo, Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library of the WHO, with the boolean terms of "social perception" "nursing" "professional identity" and 34 scientific articles of type review or reflection were obtained ; articles of less than 5 years that respond to the search and interest of the author were selected. As a result, it was obtained that nursing as a profession has stigmas such as weakness, invisibility, poor autonomy, unfair remuneration, sex toys and other stereotypes. It is concluded that, although the mistaken beliefs of nursing are intricate in the population, the nurse is the only one in charge of building a solid professional identity, which will be transmitted to society.
Resumo A percepção social que uma profissão possui está diretamente relacionada ao que o profissional transmite de sua própria identidade. No caso específico da enfermagem, ele carrega sobre seus ombros um fardo histórico que, em vez de lhe dar prestígio, lhe deu estigmas, tais como: uso de uniforme, exercício de enfermagem como punição (pagamento de pecados) e início do Profissionalização com Florence Nightingale. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados Scielo, Google Scholar, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde da OMS, com os termos booleanos de "percepção social" "enfermagem" "identidade profissional" e foram obtidos 34 artigos científicos de revisão ou reflexão de tipo ; artigos com menos de 5 anos que respondam à busca e interesse do autor foram selecionados. Como resultado, obteve-se que a enfermagem como profissão possui estigmas como fraqueza, invisibilidade, pouca autonomia, remuneração injusta, brinquedos sexuais e outros estereótipos. Conclui-se que, embora as crenças equivocadas da enfermagem sejam intrincadas na população, o enfermeiro é o único encarregado de construir uma identidade profissional sólida, que será transmitida à sociedade.
Assuntos
Humanos , Percepção Social , Enfermagem , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Sociedade CivilRESUMO
Objective. To explore the feelings, stress factors, and adaptation strategies of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative study, conducted through the application of a 52-item questionnaire with four sections (feelings, perceived stress, stress-reducing factors, and adaptation strategies). The study population was 227 nursing professionals from "Hospital General del Guasmo Sur" of the Ministry of Public Health, who worked during the peak of the pandemic from March to May 2020. The sample comprised 155 nurses who voluntarily accepted to participate. The study received 127 complete questionnaires for analysis. Results. The data showed the priority of humanist feelings and professional duty for these nurses, mostly young (59% under 35 years of age and with the professional exercise of three and fewer years), against the fear of contagion and the stress of strenuous work. They also revealed the great importance for them of the institutional support, recognition to the staff, and strict organization of safe care, like strategies for coping with this difficult experience. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic represented for nurses from Guayaquil a great professional and emotional challenge. Health services and society could consider these findings to avoid burning out nurses and their professional desertion.
Objetivo. Explorar los sentimientos, factores de estrés y estrategias de adaptación de los enfermeros durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Métodos. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario de 52 ítems con cuatro secciones (sentimientos, estrés percibido, factores reductores de estrés y estrategias de adaptación). La población del estudio fueron 227 profesionales de enfermería del "Hospital General del Guasmo Sur" del Ministerio de Salud Pública, que laboraron durante el pico de la pandemia en los meses de marzo a mayo de 2020. La muestra fueron 155 enfermeros que aceptaron voluntariamente participar. Se recibieron 127 cuestionarios completos para el análisis Resultados. Los datos mostraron la prioridad de los sentimientos humanistas y del deber profesional para estos enfermeros, en su mayoría jóvenes (59% menores de 35 años y con ejercicio profesional de tres y menos años), frente al temor al contagio y al estrés de un trabajo extenuante. Revelaron también la gran importancia que tiene para ellos el soporte institucional, el reconocimiento al personal y la estricta organización de una prestación segura, como estrategias para el afrontamiento de esta difícil experiencia. Conclusión. La pandemia del COVID-19 representó para los enfermeros de Guayaquil un gran desafío tanto profesional como emocional. Los servicios de salud y la sociedad podrían considerar estos hallazgos para evitar el desgaste de los enfermeros y su deserción profesional.
Objetivo. Explore os sentimentos, fatores de estresse e estratégias de adaptação de enfermeiras durante a pandemia COVID-19 em Guayaquil, Equador. Métodos. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário de 52 itens com quatro seções (sentimentos, estresse percebido, fatores redutores do estresse e estratégias de adaptação). A população do estudo foi de 227 profissionais de enfermagem do "Hospital Geral de Guasmo Sur" do Ministério da Saúde Pública, que trabalharam durante o pico da pandemia nos meses de março a maio de 2020. A amostra foi de 155 enfermeiros que aceitaram participar voluntariamente. Foram recebidos para análise 127 questionários completos. Resultados. Os dados evidenciaram a prioridade do sentimento humanístico e do dever profissional para esses enfermeiros, em sua maioria jovens (59% menores de 35 anos e com prática profissional de até três anos), frente ao medo do contágio e ao estresse do trabalho extenuante. Também revelaram a grande importância do apoio institucional, do reconhecimento da equipe e da estrita organização de uma prestação segura, como estratégias para o enfrentamento dessa difícil experiência. Conclusão. A pandemia COVID-19 representou um grande desafio profissional e emocional para as enfermeiras de Guayaquil. Os serviços de saúde e a sociedade poderiam considerar essas descobertas para evitar a exaustão do enfermeiro e sua deserção profissional.
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Humanos , Estresse Psicológico , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Infecções por Coronavirus , Equador , Pandemias , Enfermeiras e EnfermeirosRESUMO
Introducción:La amenaza de parto pre término consiste en la presencia de contracciones regulares después de las 20 y antes de las 37 semanas de gestación Objetivo: Determinar los factores maternos que inciden la amenaza de parto pretérmino en las mujeres gestantes que acuden al Hospital Básico de Yaguachi.Métodos:Sé realizo un Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, y transversal en el Hospital Básico "Dr. José Cevallos Ruiz", con una muestra de 20 adolescentes de sexo femenino, con el diagnostico amenaza de parto pretérmino, a las que se les aplicó una encuesta que constó con 5 preguntas entre ellas: Edad, educación, domicilio, controles prenatales y patología asociada a su embarazo.Resultados:Predominó el grupo de adolescentes correspondiente a los 17-19 años con un65%, instrucción secundaria el 55%, el 80% de las gestantes residía en la zona rural. En cuanto a los controles prenatales el 60% de las adolescentes asistieron de 1 a 4 controles, y el 50% de las adolescentes presentaron como factor de riesgo para la amenaza de parto pretérmino, la rotura prematura de membranas como patología asociada a su embarazo. Conclusiones:El factor materno que predominó fue la rotura prematura de membranas, sin embargo la infección de vías urinarias y los trastornos hipertensivosdel embarazo, también se encontraron presentes y por ello, la educación prenatal debe ser tomada en gran consideración
Introduction:The threat of preterm birth consists in the presence of regular contractions after 20 and before 37 weeks of gestation. Objective: To determine the maternal factors that affect the threat of preterm delivery in pregnant women who come to the Basic Hospital of YaguachiMethods:Aquantitative, descriptive, and transversal study in the Basic Hospital "Dr. José Cevallos Ruiz ", with a sample of 20 female adolescents, with the diagnostic threat of preterm delivery, to which a survey was applied that consisted of 5 questions including: Age, education, home, prenatal check-ups and associated pathology to your pregnancy.Results:The group of adolescents corresponding to 17-19 years old predominated with 65%, secondary instruction 55%, 80% of pregnant women resided in the rural area. Regarding the prenatal controls, 60% of the adolescents attended from 1 to 4 controls, and 50% of the adolescents presented as a risk factor for the threat of preterm delivery, the premature rupture of the membranes as a pathology associated with their pregnancy.Conclusions:The maternal factor that predominated was the premature rupture of membranes, nevertheless the infection of urinary tract and the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, were also present and therefore, prenatal education should be taken into great consideration