Carbon Nanomaterials for Treating Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To identify the use of carbon nanomaterials in bone regeneration and present new data on the regenerative capacity of bone tissue in osteopenic rats treated with graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). RECENT FINDINGS: The results show that the physical and chemical properties of the nanomaterials are suitable for the fabrication of scaffolds intended for bone regeneration. The in vitro tests suggested a non-toxicity of the GNRs as well as improved biocompatibility and bone mineralization activity. Here, for the first time, we evaluated the potential of GNRs in remodeling and repairing bone defects in osteoporotic animal models in vivo. Interestingly, bone mineralization and the initiation of the remodeling cycle by osteoclasts/osteoblasts were observed after the implantation of GNRs, thus implying healthy bone remodeling when using GNRs. This study, therefore, has opened our perspectives and certainly calls for more attention to the use of carbon nanomaterials for a wide range of osteoporosis applications.

High loads of nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene nanoribbon composites guided bone regeneration using an osteoporotic animal model.

BACKGROUND: It has been difficult to find bioactive compounds that can optimize bone repair therapy and adequate osseointegration for people with osteoporosis. The nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp)/carbon nanotubes with graphene oxides, termed graphene nanoribbons (GNR) composites have emerged as promising materials/scaffolds for bone regeneration due to their bioactivity and osseointegration properties. Herein, we evaluated the action of nHAp/GNR composites (nHAp/GNR) to promote bone regeneration using an osteoporotic model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, three different nHAp/GNR (1, 2, and 3 wt% of GNR) were produced and characterized. For in vivo analyses, 36 Wistar rats (var. albinus, weighing 250-300 g, Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais [CEUA] n.002/17) were used. Prior to implantation, osteoporosis was induced by oophorectomy in female rats. After 45 days, a tibial fracture was inflicted using a 3.0-mm Quest trephine drill. Then, the animals were separated into six sample groups at two different time periods of 21 and 45 days. The lesions were filled with 3 mg of one of the above samples using a curette. After 21 or 45 days of implantation, the animals were euthanized for analysis. Histological, biochemical, and radiographic analyses (DIGORA method) were performed. The data were evaluated through ANOVA, Tukey test, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with statistical significance at P<0.05. RESULTS: Both nHAp and GNR exhibited osteoconductive activity. However, the nHAp/GNR exhibited regenerative activity proportional to their concentration, following the order of 3% >2% >1% wt. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be inferred that all analyzed nanoparticles promoted bone regeneration in osteoporotic rats independent of analyzed time.

Study of anatomical variations in premolars by cone beam computerized tomography in a radiologic clinic in Piauí / Estudo de variações anatômicas em pré-molares por tomografia computadoriza de cone beam em uma clínica radiológica no Piauí

Introduction: Root canal cleaning is the main objective of endodontic treatment and requires knowledge of the internal anatomy. The premolars are evidenced in the literature with great anatomical variations. In view of this, studies indicate that the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography helps in the visualization of highly complex anatomy. Objective: to describe the anatomical variations in maxillary and mandibular premolars using cone beam computed tomography in a radiologic clinic in Piaui. Methods: 54 cone beam computed tomography scans with 160 premolars were used, produced using the Orthopantomograph OP300 equipment and analyzed by multiplanar reconstructions: axial, coronal and sagittal. Data regarding sex, number of roots and canals were recorded to compare and classify according to Vertucci. Results: the maxillary first pre-molars had 63.5% two roots,83.7% with one root and the mandibular pre-molars mostly with one root. Regarding the number of channels, 92.3% of the first premolars had two channels, most of them maxillary second premolars and mandibular premolars only one channel. Vertucci variations of types I, II, III and IV were verified in single-rooted elements, observing a great variation in superior elements. As for the prevalence of sex, only the first superiors showed greater variation in males. Conclusions: the upper first premolars prevailed with a great anatomical variation in relation to the other premolars with prevalence of Vertucci Type I and in males.

Introdução: a limpeza do canal radicular é o principal objetivo do tratamento endodôntico e requer conhecimento da anatomia interna. Os pré-molares são evidenciados na literatura com grandes variações anatômicas. Diante disso, estudos indicam que o uso da Tomografia Computadorizada Cone Beam auxilia na visualização de anatomias de alta complexidade. Metodologia: foram utilizadas 54 tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico com 160 pré-molares, produzidas no equipamento Orthopantomograph OP300 e analisadas por reconstruções multiplanares: axial, coronal e sagital. Os dados referentes ao sexo, número de raízes e canais foram registrados para comparação e classificação segundo Vertucci. Resultados: os primeiros pré-molares superiores apresentavam 63,5% de duas raízes, 83,7% dos segundos pré-molares superiores tinham uma raiz e a maioria dos pré-molares inferiores tinha uma raiz. Em relação ao número de canais, 92,3% dos primeiros pré-molares possuíam dois canais, sendo a maioria segundos pré-molares superiores e pré-molares inferiores apenas um canal. Vertucci variações dos tipos I, II, III e IV foram verificadas nos elementos uniradiculares, observando-se a grande variação nos elementos superiores. Quanto à prevalência do sexo, apenas os primeiros superiores apresentaram maior variação no sexo masculino. Conclusão: os primeiros pré-molares superiores prevaleceram com grande variação anatômica em relação aos demais pré-molares com prevalência de Vertucci Tipo I e no sexo masculino.

Uso da prototipagem biomédica em odontologia / The use of biomedic prototyping in dentistry

Os protótipos biomédicos são modelos anatômicos sólidos, que reproduzem, com discrepância desprezível, a anatomia de determinadas estruturas. A sua utilização em Teresina (PI) ainda é discreta, mas o número de solicitações vem aumentando de forma considerável. Neste trabalho, além de uma revisão de literatura sobre prototipagem biomédica, foram documentados os biomodelos solicitados em uma clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem da cidade, no período de setembro de 2006 a setembro de 2007 e registradas as percepções dos cirurgiões-dentistas solicitantes. Conclui-se que houve predilação pela solicitação de protótipos opacos (3D Printing) e que a maioria foi utilizada para planejamento em Implantodontia. Destaca-se o fato de a maioria dos profissionais considerar baixa a participação dos biomodelos no total dos custos.

The biomedical prototypes are solids anatomical models that reproduce with negligible discrepancy the anatomy of certain structures. It's use in Teresina (PI) is still discreet, but the number of requests has been increasing considerably. In this work, in addition to a review of literature on prototyping biomedical have been documented the biomodels requested in a clinic of Diagnostic for Imaging of the city, in the period september 2006 to september 2007, and recorded the perceptions of surgeons-dentists applicants. The conclusion was that there was a predilection for solicitation of prototypes opaque (3D Printing), and the most was used for planning in Implantodonty. There is the fact the majority of professionals consider like the low participation of biomodels in total costs.

Avaliação da qualidade e arquivamento de radiografias periapicais na clínica de endodontia da Faculdade NOVAFAPI / Assessment of quality and archiving of periapical radiographs in the clinic of endodontics Faculty NOVAFAPI

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade e o arquivamento de radiografias periapicais finais de tratamento endodôntico realizado na Clínica Endodôntica II da Faculdade NOVAFAPI, período 2007/02 e 2008/01. Foram selecionados os prontuários da disciplina e o período correspondente, totalizando 72 prontuários e 37 radiografias finais....

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of periapical radiographs and archiving of final endodontic treatment performed in Endodontic Clinic II, Faculty NOVAFAPI, period 2007/02 and 2008/01. We selected the discipline? records and the corresponding period a total of 72 charts and 37 final radiographs...

Alongamento do processo estilóide e síndrome de Eagle: considerações anatômicas, clínicas, diagnóstico e prevalência / Elongated styloid process and Eagle's syndrome: anatomic and clinical considerations, diagnostic and prevalence

O alongamento do processo estilóide é uma anomalia que pode ser acompanhada pela calcificação do ligamento estilohióideo e estilomandibular , podendo originar uma série de sintomas como disfagia, odinofagia, dor facial, otalgia, cefaléia, zumbido e trismo. Esse conjunto de sintomas associado à presença da apófise estilóide alongada é conhecido como síndrome de Eagle. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o alongamento do processo estilóide, abordando inclusive sobre a importância de sua avaliação radiográfica.