Effect of MTHFR A1298C Gene Polymorphism on Acute Coronary Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Acute coronary syndrome is a manifestation of CVD. In Indonesia, limited studies have been conducted on genetics as a potential risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Consequently, this study aimed to examine the effect of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C gene polymorphism on the incidence of ACS. METHOD: The study employed a case-control design. Outpatients from the cardiology and internal medicine clinics at the University of Airlangga (UNAIR) Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia, constituted the study population. The case group comprised 60 patients with a history of ACS, while the control group consisted of 30 patients without a history of cardiovascular complaints. MTHFR A12980C gene polymorphism examination was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) method at the Tropical Disease Center UNAIR Laboratory. RESULTS: Among the ACS group, 29 (48.1%), 13 (21.7%), and 18 (30%) of the individuals had AA, AC, and CC genotype patterns, respectively. In the control group, 16 individuals had AA (53.3%), 6 AC (20%), and 8 CC (26.7%). The C allele variant was identified in 41% of the ACS group and 37% of the control group. The odds ratio (OR) for the incidence of ACS was 1.195 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.381-3.752), 1.241 (95% CI; 0.481-3.486), and 1.222 (95% CI; 0.381-3.752). Chi-square analysis revealed no association between MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism and the incidence of ACS (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism did not significantly affect ACS incidence.

Clinical pathology aspect on diagnosis cholelithiasis in ß-Thalassemia patient: A case report.

Background: Thalassemia is categorized based on the abnormal globin chain and is divided into primary, intermediate, and minor subtypes based on the chain abnormality, respectively. Case presentation: An Indonesian adolescent, 18 years old, complained of abdominal pain for 1-day. Medical history patient showed thalassemia for 13 years, routine control and received transfusions. Physical examination: Anemic conjunctiva (+/+), epigastric tenderness (+). Laboratory tests: Hb of 4.2 g/dL, MCV of 59.8 fL, and MCH of 19.6 pg. Peripheral blood smears showed microcytic hypochromic, target cells, and teardrop cells. Increased albumin: creatinine ratio ≥300 mg/gr. Hb Electrophoresis showed increased HbF and HbA2 fractions. Abdominal Ultrasound showed cholelithiasis. The patient performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy and was successful. Discussion: Cholelithiasis is often found in thalassemia intermedia complications. Regular ultrasound examination in ß-Thalassemia is used to detect cholelithiasis. Conclusion: Clinical pathology analysis supports the diagnosis of cholelithiasis in the ß-Thalassemia patient.

Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses post complete vaccination with coronavac: A prospective study in 50 health workers.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and requires rapid action. The development of effective safe vaccines become a global priority for achieving herd immunity. Vaccination is expected to form specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein which can neutralize the virus, preventing the virus from binding with ACE 2 receptors. Objective: Evaluating and to know if there any differences of kinetics antibody levels from recipient's anti-IgG S-RBD and NAb with complete second dose CoronaVac Vaccine, to determine the antibody response in preventing SARS-CoV-2. Method: A prospective-cohort study using observational analytics was conducted from January-April 2021 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. A total of 50 subjects are healthcare workers who received two doses of CoronaVac. The IgG S-RBD and NAb levels were measured on Maglumi 800 device (SNIBE, China). Differences in IgG S-RBD and NAb levels before vaccination and after second dose CoronaVac vaccination on 14th day, on 28th day, ware tested using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Result: Mean values of IgG S-RBD and NAb have fluctuated. There was a significant difference between IgG S-RBD and NAb levels on day-0 (0.090 vs 18.630; p < 0.001) and day-28 (141.266 vs 116.640; p = 0.037). The median value showed the IgG S-RBD level on day-28 was much better than NAb value (141,266 v 116,640). Conclusion: CoronaVac will form persistent antibodies. Despite antibody development, the acquired humoral immunity decreased at 28 days after full CoronaVac immunization. Kinetics of antibody NAb decreased more rapidly than IgG S-RBD.