Asymptomatic rheumatoid meningitis revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, followed by systemic rheumatic vasculitis: A case report and a review of the literature.

We report the case of a 66-year-old man with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis who developed neurologically asymptomatic rheumatoid meningitis (RM) revealed by MRI. RM worsened and chest CT showed pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and bilateral consolidation, and his serum C3 level was decreased. We diagnosed systemic rheumatic vasculitis based on these findings. After a review of more than 20 previously reported cases of RM, this is the first case of RM without central nerve system symptoms.

Add-on iguratimod as a therapeutic strategy to achieve remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately responding to biological DMARDs: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, iguratimod (IGU) was added to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients inadequately responding to 24-week or longer treatment with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARDs), its effectiveness was assessed, and factors contributing to remission were evaluated. METHODS: RA patients who fulfilled the following criteria were included: (i) ≥ 24-week of bDMARDs; (ii) 2.6 < disease activity score (DAS) 28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) < 5.1 or the presence of synovitis with a power Doppler (PD) score ≥2 in at least 1 of the 28 joints on joint ultrasonography. Disease activity and joint ultrasound findings were evaluated at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: DAS assessing 28 joints with ESR (DAS28-ESR) decreased significantly from 3.45 ± 0.92 at baseline to 2.85 ± 1.13 at 24 weeks (p < .001). Overall, 38.3% achieved clinical remission (c-remission). The total PD score decreased significantly from 8.7 ± 6.1 at baseline to 5.5 ± 5.0 at 24 weeks (p < .001). A lower baseline DAS28-ESR was related to c-remission after 24 weeks (p =.002). Shorter duration of disease (p =.020) was related to ultrasound remission, in addition to a lower baseline DAS28-ESR (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: IGU add-on therapy can be a therapeutic strategy to achieve remission in RA patients inadequately responding to ≥24-week treatment with bDMARDs.

Gastrointestinal involvement at the onset of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A case report.

A 30-year-old man had developed fever, bloody stools, and oral aphtha. Proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody level was 31 EU. Lower intestinal endoscopy revealed edematous mucosa with hemorrhage in the transverse colon. Biopsies of oral aphtha showed necrotizing angiitis with granuloma. Based on these findings, he was diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Digestive symptoms were remitted by treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine. GPA with digestive symptoms as the initial development is rare.

Good response to infliximab in a patient with deep vein thrombosis associated with Behçet disease.

Vascular involvement is a lethal complication in Behçet disease. It is often refractory to conventional therapy such as steroids and immunosuppressants in addition to anticoagulants. We describe here successful treatment with the anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-α) antibody, infliximab, in a patient with Behçet disease presenting with deep vein thrombosis. A 60-year-old man with Behçet disease complained of edema and pain in the lower extremities. Computed tomography revealed a thrombosis extending from the popliteal vein to the inferior vena cava at the level of the renal vein and which recurred despite combination therapy of steroid and immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, azathioprine, and methotrexate. The patient was then administered infliximab (5 mg/kg) in weeks 0 and 2 and every 4 weeks thereafter. Clinical and laboratory findings improved after the infliximab therapy. Computed tomography of the abdomen and lower extremities showed a reduction of the thrombosis. No severe adverse events occurred during the clinical course. Although further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of its use, anti-TNF-α antibody may be worth considering as treatment for refractory venous thrombosis in patients with Behçet disease.

Refractory Cryptococcus neoformans Meningoencephalitis in an Immunocompetent Patient: Paradoxical Antifungal Therapy-Induced Clinical Deterioration Related to an Immune Response to Cryptococcal Organisms.

We present a case of refractory Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent woman. Her clinical symptoms did not improve with 6 months of antifungal therapy, and MRI abnormalities, indicating severe meningeal and cerebral inflammation, persisted despite a decreasing cryptococcal antigen titer. The patient continued to deteriorate despite antifungal therapy, and her condition clearly improved following treatment with adjunctive corticosteroid. We postulate that the paradoxical antifungal therapy-related clinical deterioration was due to an immune response to cryptococcal organisms, which responded to corticosteroids. These observations provide rationale for a further evaluation of corticosteroids in the management of select cases of C. neoformans central nervous system infection.