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OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the excess risk of antithrombotic-related bleeding due to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) burden. METHODS: In this observational, prospective cohort study, patients with cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases taking oral antithrombotic agents were enrolled from 52 hospitals across Japan between 2016 and 2019. Baseline multimodal magnetic resonance imaging acquired under prespecified conditions was assessed by a central diagnostic radiology committee to calculate total SVD score. The primary outcome was major bleeding. Secondary outcomes included bleeding at each site and ischemic events. RESULTS: Of the analyzed 5,250 patients (1,736 women; median age = 73 years, 9,933 patient-years of follow-up), antiplatelets and anticoagulants were administered at baseline in 3,948 and 1,565, respectively. Median SVD score was 2 (interquartile range = 1-3). Incidence rate of major bleeding was 0.39 (per 100 patinet-years) in score 0, 0.56 in score 1, 0.91 in score 2, 1.35 in score 3, and 2.24 in score 4 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for score 4 vs 0 = 5.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.26-13.23), that of intracranial hemorrhage was 0.11, 0.33, 0.58, 0.99, and 1.06, respectively (aHR = 9.29, 95% CI = 1.99-43.35), and that of ischemic event was 1.82, 2.27, 3.04, 3.91, and 4.07, respectively (aHR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.08-2.86). In addition, extracranial major bleeding (aHR = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.13-10.38) and gastrointestinal bleeding (aHR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.02-6.35) significantly increased in SVD score 4 compared to score 0. INTERPRETATION: Total SVD score was predictive for intracranial hemorrhage and probably for extracranial bleeding, suggesting the broader clinical relevance of cerebral SVD as a marker for safe implementation of antithrombotic therapy. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:774-787.
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Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Anticoagulantes , Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais/epidemiologia , Fibrinolíticos/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragias Intracranianas/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms account for 1%-9% of all intracranial aneurysms. Microsurgical treatment is generally preferred for DACA aneurysms; however, it presents challenges owing to the anatomical complexities. Advances in neuro-interventional techniques have yielded promising results. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of DACA aneurysms treated with microsurgery and endovascular treatment (EVT) to elucidate the efficacy of EVT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter observational registry comprising 16 stroke centers was utilized for this study. Data was retrospectively and prospectively analyzed from 166 patients with DACA aneurysms in our database, which included 4,552 consecutive patients with ruptured or unruptured intracranial aneurysms who underwent microsurgical or endovascular treatment between January 2013 and December 2021. RESULTS: Surgical clipping was performed in 115 patients, and 51 underwent coil embolization. The median follow-up duration was 15.3 months. No significant differences were observed in patient characteristics between the two treatment modalities. There were no differences in complication-related morbidity between the microsurgical treatment and EVT groups in either unruptured (10.5% vs. 9.1%, p=1.00) or ruptured aneurysms (5.2% vs. 6.9%, p=0.66). Coil embolization resulted in higher recurrence and retreatment rates than surgical clipping did, especially for ruptured aneurysms (2.6% vs. 27.6%, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment is an alternative to microsurgery for DACA aneurysms especially in unruptured cases or the patients who have difficulty undergoing craniotomy due to their general condition, albeit with considerations for higher recurrence and retreatment rates, particularly in ruptured cases. Close follow-up is crucial for the effective management of these challenges. Further studies are needed to refine the treatment strategies for DACA aneurysms.
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The twisting phenomenon of the flow diverter stents rarely occurs, but it recently became relatively well-recognized. There have been few reports on single-layer flow diverters only. The Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device (FRED) (MicroVention, Tustin, California) has a unique design characterized by a braided dual-layer self-expanding stent. There have been no reports on the twisting phenomenon of FRED. This study reports two cases of acute in-stent blood flow disturbances after the deployment of FRED in a patient with intracranial aneurysms associated with "ghost twisting." In this phenomenon, the inner layer does not expand with the coning deformation, even though the outer layer is fully open. This was confirmed through high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography, but not conventional angiography. The two cases were successfully treated using balloon angioplasty and showed favorable outcomes. The structural issue of "ghost twisting" was a possible underlying factor for the ischemic complications associated with FRED deployment.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate the associations of perioperative P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) measured using VerifyNow with ischemic and bleeding events, and to determine the PRU threshold in the setting of elective neuro-endovascular treatment (EVT) for intracranial/extracranial vascular disease in patients taking aspirin and clopidogrel. METHODS: Of the patients undergoing elective neuro-EVT while taking aspirin and clopidogrel, those taking both antiplatelet agents for 7 days or more and whose PRU and aspirin reaction units (ARU) were measured were included. The primary and safety outcomes were defined as symptomatic ischemic and major bleeding events within 30 days after EVT. RESULTS: A total of 197 patients were available for the analyses. Higher PRU was associated with symptomatic ischemic events on multivariable logistic analysis (odds ratio per 10 increase 1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.03-1.27], p=0.011). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that PRU ≥212 was the threshold to predict symptomatic ischemic events (area under the curve=0.73; sensitivity, 62.5%; specificity, 82.0%). Lower PRU was also associated with major bleeding events (odds ratio per 10 increase 0.87 [0.78-0.96], p=0.004), and the threshold to predict major bleeding events was PRU ≤46 (area under the curve=0.76; sensitivity, 70.0%; specificity, 87.2%) CONCLUSIONS: The PRU value was associated with symptomatic ischemic and major bleeding events after elective neuro-EVT in patients taking aspirin and clopidogrel. PRU ≥212 and PRU ≤46 appeared to be the threshold values to predict symptomatic ischemic and major bleeding events, respectively.
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Procedimentos Endovasculares , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2Y , Ticlopidina , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Clopidogrel/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Testes de Função Plaquetária , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2Y/efeitos adversos , Ticlopidina/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postoperative cerebral embolic stroke is a serious complication of pulmonary lobectomy, occurring in 1.1% of patients undergoing lobectomy through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The mechanism of this complication is thought to be embolic stroke caused by thrombus formed due to stagnation in the pulmonary vein stump after VATS lobectomy. There have been few reports demonstrating the utility of endovascular treatment (EVT) for cerebral embolic stroke after VATS lobectomy. CASE DESCRIPTION: In our case series, cerebral embolic stroke occurred after VATS pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer, including the left upper lobe in three cases and the right lobe in one. The median duration of ischemic stroke after VATS was 4.5 days (interquartile range, 2-9 days). The median time from stroke onset to puncture was 130 min. Successful recanalization was achieved in all cases, and two patients achieved favorable clinical outcomes (modified Rankin scale, 0-2). CONCLUSION: We report a case series of four patients who underwent EVT for acute embolic stroke after VATS lobectomy for lung cancer. EVT is considered a reasonable and feasible therapeutic option for this condition.
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AVC Embólico , AVC Isquêmico , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Pneumonectomia/efeitos adversos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Outcomes in patients ≥90 years of age with stroke due to large vessel occlusion were compared between endovascular therapy (EVT) and medical management. METHODS: Of 2420 acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in a prospective, multicenter, nationwide registry in Japan, patients aged ≥90 years with occlusion of the internal carotid artery or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery were included. The primary effectiveness outcome was a favorable outcome at 3 months, defined as achieving a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 or return to at least the prestroke modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 72 hours after onset. Intergroup biases were adjusted by multivariable adjustment with inverse probability of treatment weighting. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients (median age, 92 [interquartile range, 90-94] years; median prestroke modified Rankin Scale score, 2 [interquartile range, 0-4]) were analyzed. EVT was performed in 49 patients (32.7%; mechanical thrombectomy, n=43). The EVT group showed shorter time from onset to hospital arrival (P=0.03), higher Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (P<0.01), and a higher rate of treatment with intravenous thrombolysis (P<0.01) than the medical management group. The favorable outcome was seen in 28.6% of the EVT group and 6.9% of the medical management group (P<0.01). EVT was associated with the favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 8.44 [95% CI, 1.88-37.97]). Rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were similar between the EVT group (0.0%) and the medical management group (3.9%; P=0.30). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who underwent EVT showed better functional outcomes than those with medical management without increased symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages. Given proper patient selection, withholding EVT solely on the basis of the age of patients may not offer the best chance of good outcome. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02419794.
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Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Terapia Trombolítica/métodos , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We compared the effect of epinephrine on the distribution of ropivacaine and lidocaine by using radioactive isotopes in rat maxilla and pulp. Twenty microliters of 3H-labeled 0.5% ropivacaine, 14C-labeled 2.0% lidocaine, or epinephrine-supplemented isotopes were injected into the maxilla. The radioactivity was measured and autoradiography was obtained. Epinephrine led to increase in amounts of both anesthetics in the maxilla and pulp; however, each anesthetic did so in a different manner. Addition of epinephrine to lidocaine decreased radioactivity in maxilla and pulp with time. Conversely, when ropivacaine with epinephrine was administered, radioactivity did not change until 20 min in the maxilla and reached its peak at 20 min in the pulp. Autoradiography of lidocaine faded with time even with epinephrine use; however, with ropivacaine, higher accumulation image was observed after 20 min compared to that after 2 min. When epinephrine was combined with lidocaine, the amount of lidocaine in maxilla and pulp decreased with time, similar to when lidocaine was used alone. Conversely, when ropivacaine-epinephrine combination was administered, the amount of ropivacaine remained unchanged for 20 min in the maxilla and reached its peak at 20 min in the dental pulp.
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Anestesia Dentária , Lidocaína , Amidas , Anestésicos Locais , Animais , Método Duplo-Cego , Epinefrina/farmacologia , Maxila , Radioisótopos , Ratos , Ropivacaina , Vasoconstritores/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to clarify the association between left atrial (LA) size and ischemic events after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS: Acute ischemic stroke or TIA patients with NVAF were enrolled. LA size was classified into normal LA size, mild LA enlargement (LAE), moderate LAE, and severe LAE. The ischemic event was defined as ischemic stroke, TIA, carotid endarterectomy, carotid artery stenting, acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention, systemic embolism, aortic aneurysm rupture or dissection, peripheral artery disease requiring hospitalization, or venous thromboembolism. RESULTS: A total of 1,043 patients (mean age, 78 years; 450 women) including 1,002 ischemic stroke and 41 TIA were analyzed. Of these, 351 patients (34%) had normal LA size, 298 (29%) had mild LAE, 198 (19%) had moderate LAE, and the remaining 196 (19%) had severe LAE. The median follow-up duration was 2.0 years (interquartile range, 0.9-2.1). During follow-up, 117 patients (11%) developed at least one ischemic event. The incidence rate of total ischemic events increased with increasing LA size. Severe LAE was independently associated with increased risk of ischemic events compared with normal LA size (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.00). CONCLUSION: Severe LAE was associated with increased risk of ischemic events after ischemic stroke or TIA in patients with NVAF.
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Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Ecocardiografia , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/epidemiologia , AVC Isquêmico/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibrilação Atrial/fisiopatologia , Função do Átrio Esquerdo , Remodelamento Atrial , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Incidência , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/diagnóstico por imagem , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/fisiopatologia , AVC Isquêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , AVC Isquêmico/fisiopatologia , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Dupilumab, a dual inhibitor of IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine signaling, is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, which leads to the control of atopic dermatitis. The cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 are related to vascular inflammation, which is mediated by vascular endothelial cells. We report the case of a 20-year-old man with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab for half a year, who presented with sudden onset of dizziness, nausea, and slight cerebellar ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute infarction in the bicerebellar hemispheres. No risk factors known to be associated with ischemic stroke in young adults were detected. We suspected this ischemic stroke might be related to dupilumab. The administration of dupilumab was discontinued, and he had no recurrence subsequently. IL-4 and IL-13, anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted from T helper 2 cells, suppress proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, dupilumab, a dual inhibitor of IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine signaling, leads to the promotion of coagulation and thrombosis. We speculate that the activation of proinflammatory cytokines in vascular endothelial cells by the inhibition of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling by dupilumab led to ischemic stroke even at a young age.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Isquemia Encefálica/induzido quimicamente , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/efeitos adversos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/induzido quimicamente , Idade de Início , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/imunologia , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Inibidores do Fator Xa/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Piridonas/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background and Purpose- We aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic hypertension on acute leptomeningeal collateral flow in patients with large-vessel ischemic stroke using digital subtraction angiography, which is the gold standard for the assessment of collateral circulation. Methods- Of the consecutive ischemic stroke patients from October 2011 to December 2017 seen in our institution, patients with acute occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery confirmed on initial digital subtraction angiography were enrolled. Chronic hypertension was defined as its documentation before the index stroke or as the administration of antihypertensive medications before onset. Angiographic leptomeningeal collateral flow was evaluated according to the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology Collateral Flow Grading System and dichotomized the findings into excellent (grade 3-4) or poor (grade 0-2) collateral status for analysis. Results- Of the 3759 consecutive ischemic stroke patients, 100 patients were analyzed. Thirty-nine patients (39%) had poor collateral status. Patients with poor collateral status were older, more frequently male, and had chronic hypertension more frequently, shorter time from onset to angiography, and higher admission systolic blood pressure than those with excellent collateral status. Multivariable logistic analysis with prespecified covariates showed a significantly positive association between chronic hypertension and poor collateral status (odds ratio, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.08-7.70; P=0.034). This association was independent of admission systolic blood pressure. The proportion of patients with poor collateral status increased in a stepwise manner in patients without chronic hypertension, hypertensive patients with premorbid antihypertensive medications, and hypertensive patients without antihypertensive medications ( P for trend <0.001). Conclusions- Our data suggest that chronic hypertension has a detrimental effect on acute leptomeningeal collateral flow in patients with cerebral large-vessel occlusion. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02251665.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Angiografia Cerebral , Hipertensão , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Pressão Sanguínea , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mutation of protein S K196E (PS K196E) is a genetic risk factor for venous thromboembolism; however, there are few reports on cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) with this mutation. We report a case of CVT that was diagnosed as having PS K196E mutation at the initial thrombotic event. METHODS: A 54-year-old man suddenly developed generalized seizures after headache and nausea. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebral edema, and angiography revealed CVT. Blood examination revealed that protein S activity was low (44%) despite normal free protein S antigen levels (81%). Sequence analysis revealed a heterozygous PS K196E mutation. We treated him with warfarin with the international normalized ratio maintained at 2.0-3.0. After 1 month, he was discharged without any neurological sequelae. RESULTS: Early identification of the causes of thrombophilia is important for the long-term management of CVT. However, detection of PS K196E mutation is difficult because its only feature is a moderate decrease in the activity of protein S, which is influenced by environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of PS K196E mutation should be considered if other causes of CVT are ruled out and if protein S activity is decreased.
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Trombose Intracraniana/genética , Mutação , Proteína S/genética , Tromboembolia Venosa/genética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Trombose Intracraniana/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose Intracraniana/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Tromboembolia Venosa/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Cálcio , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Humanos , Volume Sistólico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/patologia , FenótipoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have revealed that hematoma growth mainly occurs during the first 6 h after the onset of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Early lowering of blood pressure (BP) may be beneficial for preventing hematoma growth. However, relationships between timing of BP lowering and hematoma growth in ICH remain unclear. We investigated associations between timing of BP lowering and hematoma growth for ICH. METHODS: The Stroke Acute Management with Urgent Risk-factor Assessment and Improvement (SAMURAI)-ICH Study was a multicenter, prospective, observational study investigating the safety and feasibility of early (within 3 h from onset) reduction of systolic BP (SBP) to < 160 mm Hg with intravenous nicardipine for acute hypertension in cases of spontaneous ICH. The present study was a post hoc analysis of the SAMURAI-ICH study. We examined relationships between time from onset, imaging, and initiation of treatment to target SBP achievement and hematoma growth (absolute growth ≥6 mL) in ICH patients. Target SBP achievement was defined as the time at which SBP first became < 160 mm Hg. RESULTS: Among 211 patients, hematoma growth was seen in 31 patients (14.7%). The time from imaging to target SBP and time from treatment to target SBP were significantly shorter in patients without hematoma growth than in those with (p = 0.043 and p = 0.032 respectively), whereas no significant difference was seen in time from onset to SBP < 160 mm Hg between groups (p = 0.177). Patients in the lower quartiles of time from imaging to target SBP and time from treatment to target SBP showed lower incidences of hematoma growth (p trend = 0.023 and 0.037 respectively). The lowest quartile of time from imaging to target SBP (< 38 min) was negatively associated with hematoma growth on multivariable logistic regression (OR 0.182; 95% CI 0.038-0.867; p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Early achievement of target SBP < 160 mm Hg is associated with a lower risk of hematoma growth in ICH.
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Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Hematoma/prevenção & controle , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia Intracraniana Hipertensiva/tratamento farmacológico , Nicardipino/administração & dosagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Hematoma/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hemorragia Intracraniana Hipertensiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Intracraniana Hipertensiva/fisiopatologia , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nicardipino/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We determined the 2-year long-term risk-benefit profile in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) receiving warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) using a prospective, multicenter, observational registry in Japan.MethodsâandâResults:NVAF patients within 7 days after onset of ischemic stroke/TIA were enrolled in 18 stroke centers. Outcome measures included ischemic and bleeding events and death in the 2-year follow-up period. We enrolled 1,116 patients taking either warfarin (650 patients) or DOACs (466 patients) at acute hospital discharge. DOAC users were younger and had lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, CHADS2and discharge modified Rankin Scale scores than warfarin users (P<0.0001 each). Incidences of stroke/systemic embolism (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.66-1.72), all ischemic events (1.13; 0.72-1.75), and ischemic stroke/TIA (1.58; 0.95-2.62) were similar between groups. Risks of intracranial hemorrhage (0.32; 0.09-0.97) and death (0.41; 0.26-0.63) were significantly lower for DOAC users. Infection was the leading cause of death, accounting for 40% of deaths among warfarin users. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke/TIA patients receiving DOACs for secondary prevention were younger and had lower stroke severity and risk indices than those receiving warfarin. Estimated cumulative incidences of stroke and systemic embolism within 2 years were similar between warfarin and DOACs users, but those of death and intracranial hemorrhage were significantly lower among DOAC users.
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Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Isquemia Encefálica/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Infecções/induzido quimicamente , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/tratamento farmacológico , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Varfarina/efeitos adversos , Varfarina/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Hipertensão , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Circulação Colateral , Humanos , MeningesRESUMO
Flow diverter (FD) placement is increasingly used to treat large supraclinoid aneurysms. Here, we report a case of hydrocephalus following FD placement. One patient in her 60 s underwent FD placement combined with coil embolization. Within 1 month, the patient started to show visual field defects and symptoms of hydrocephalus, which worsened within another month. We report that hydrocephalus developed acutely, without high protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, and as a complication using a Surpass Streamline. Although the precise mechanisms are unclear, our report suggests a different mechanism for the development of hydrocephalus after FD placement combined with coil embolization.
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Embolização Terapêutica , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Hidrocefalia , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Campos Visuais , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Embolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversosRESUMO
AIM: To report our experience and the technique of two-step effective Onyx embolization from occipital artery (OA) for the obliteration of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with OA feeders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of patients with intracranial DAVFs treated with trans-arterial embolization (TAE) using Onyx from the OA were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Seven patients were included. The methods of Onyx injection from the OA were categorized as simple Onyx injection into the shunt, and two-step embolization. Two-step embolization involved the Onyx or coil embolization of the OA distal to the branching site of the feeders in the first step, and Onyx was injected toward the target shunt in the second step. Simple Onyx injection was performed in two cases; in both cases, the residual shunt remained. By contrast, the two-step embolization technique was performed in five cases, and in all those cases, sufficient embolization of the DAVFs was achieved. CONCLUSION: Prior embolization using Onyx or coil of the distal OA helped prevent Onyx from unexpected embolization through the subcutaneous branches that were not associated with the shunt, thereby leading to effective embolization. This new two-step embolization technique from the OA may improve the obliteration rate of DAVFs with OA feeders using TAE with Onyx.
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Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central , Dimetil Sulfóxido , Embolização Terapêutica , Polivinil , Humanos , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/terapia , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polivinil/administração & dosagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Resultado do Tratamento , Dimetil Sulfóxido/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Angiografia CerebralRESUMO
Objective: Embolic protection devices are useful for preventing distal embolism during carotid artery stenting (CAS); however, complications have been reported. The successful removal of a filter fragment trapped at the distal edge of a carotid stent during the retrieval procedure is described. Case Presentation: CAS was performed for internal carotid artery stenosis in a patient in his 70s, and the carotid stent was successfully placed. During the retrieval procedure, the tip of the filter was trapped at the distal edge of the stent and detached from the filter. Using a snare kit, the filter tip was successfully retrieved, and no postoperative neurological symptoms occurred. Conclusion: The edge of a carotid stent can potentially trap devices. When trapping or fragmentation of a device is suspected, it is necessary to evaluate the situation and cause, and the device should be appropriately retrieved without using force.
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to the A1 segment of an anterior cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm is rare. Therefore, a standard treatment has not been established. Though several case reports of direct surgery exist, there are few reports on endovascular treatment. This is the first study to describe five patients who underwent endovascular treatment for ruptured A1 dissecting aneurysms. Between January 2001 and December 2022 in our affiliated centers, five cases of SAH-onset A1 dissecting aneurysms were treated with endovascular treatment. We describe in detail two representative cases, briefly summarize the other three, and analyze their complications and outcomes. In the five cases, four were female. Four were in their 50s, and one was in her 80s. The WFNS grades were as follows: three were 2, one was 4, and one was 5. No re-ruptures or symptomatic complications were observed. The modified Rankin Scale scores at the time of discharge were as follows; one was 0, one was 1, two were 2, and one was 5. One in five patients needed retreatment after endovascular trapping because of recanalization. Endovascular treatment may be an effective and viable treatment option for ruptured A1 dissecting aneurysms. Further studies are needed to collect detailed data on complications and outcomes.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Roto , Artéria Cerebral Anterior , Dissecção Aórtica , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Humanos , Feminino , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagem , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/cirurgia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/cirurgia , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , IdosoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The quick establishment of adequate vascular access is essential for the technical success of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Focusing on shifts in aortic arch geometry and aging-related changes, we propose an imaging parameter for predicting access difficulty using chest CT. METHODS: Patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion who underwent MT from April 2020 to September 2021 were included in this retrospective multicenter observational study. The distance from the sternum to the ascending aorta (S-AAD) was defined as the surrogate marker of access difficulty. Access was defined as difficult when the time from femoral sheath placement to guiding catheter induction (guiding time: GT) ≥ 30â¯minutes, and the patients were dichotomized into groups with short GT (sGT: GT < 30â¯min) and long GT (lGT: GT ≥ 30â¯min). RESULTS: One hundred fifteen patients were included. There were 12 patients (10.4â¯%) in lGT group. The median (IQR) S-AAD was 11.9â¯mm (6.3, 18.3â¯mm) in sGT group and 6.6â¯mm (4.0, 10.3â¯mm) in lGT group, and a significant difference in S-AAD was observed (P = 0.026). In multivariate analyses, dyslipidemia and S-AAD < 5â¯mm were significantly associated with difficult access (OR, 5.938 [95â¯% CI, 1.468, 24.022], P = 0.012 for dyslipidemia; OR, 5.147 [95â¯% CI, 1.267, 20.917], P = 0.022 for S-AAD < 5â¯mm). CONCLUSION: S-AAD is a simple and reliable imaging parameter to predict access difficulty. This parameter may be helpful in selecting the appropriate devices and access routes in preinterventional practice.