Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Simplified Ansellone Analogues with Lipophilic Side Chains as HIV Latency-Reversing Agents.

Structurally simplified analogues of ansellone A, in which the decalin skeleton is replaced with a lipophilic chain, were prepared and their HIV latency-reversing activities biologically evaluated. In particular, two analogues bearing ether and alkenyl side chains, respectively, showed comparable activities to that of ansellone A. Each of the simplified compounds was easily synthesized using Prins cyclisation chemistry.

Design and synthesis of 4-acetoxypentanamide derivatives of spliceostatin A and their biological evaluation towards prostate cancer treatment.

We designed and synthesized novel 4-acetoxypentanamide derivatives of spliceostatin A, whose 4-acetoxypentenamide moiety is reduced (7), isomerized (8), or substituted with methyl at the α-position (9). The results of biological evaluation against AR-V7 and the docking analysis of each derivative suggest that the geometry of the 4-acetoxypentenamide moiety of spliceostatin A is important for its biological activity.

Gosha-jinki-Gan (GJG) shows anti-aging effects through suppression of TNF-α production by Chikusetsusaponin V.

Frailty develops due to multiple factors, such as sarcopenia, chronic pain, and dementia. Go-sha-jinki-Gan (GJG) is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine used for age-related symptoms. We have reported that GJG improved sarcopenia, chronic pain, and central nervous system function through suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production. In the present study, GJG was found to reduce the production of TNF-α in the soleus muscle of senescence-accelerated mice at 12 weeks and 36 weeks. GJG did not change the differentiation of C2C12 cells with 2% horse serum. GJG significantly decreased the expression of Muscle atrophy F-box protein (MAFbx) induced by TNF-α in C2C12 cells on real-time PCR. TNF-α significantly decreased the expression of PGC-1α and negated the enhancing effect of GJG for the expression of PGC-1α on digital PCR. Examining 20 chemical compounds derived from GJG, cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon bark and Chikusetsusaponin V (CsV) from Achyrantes Root dose-dependently decreased the production of TNF-⍺ in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. CsV inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in RAW264.7 cells. CsV showed low permeability using Caco-2 cells. However, the plasma concentration of CsV was detected from 30 min to 6 h and peaked at 1 h in the CD1 (ICR) mice after a single dose of GJG. In 8-week-old SAMP8 mice fed 4% (w/w) GJG from one week to four weeks, the plasma CsV concentration ranged from 0.0500 to 10.0 ng/mL. The evidence that CsV plays an important role in various anti-aging effects of GJG via suppression of TNF-⍺ expression is presented.

Design, Synthesis, and Monoamine Oxidase B Selective Inhibitory Activity of N-Arylated Heliamine Analogues.

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) metabolizes monoamines such as dopamine regarding neural transmission and controls its level in the mammalian's brain. When MAO-B metabolizes dopamine abnormally, normal neurotransmission does not occur, and central nervous system disorders such as Parkinson's disease may develop. Although several MAO inhibitors have been developed, most of them have no selectivity between monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and MAO-B, or they work irreversibly against the enzyme. This report describes the first case of screening of N-arylated heliamine derivatives to develop novel MAO-B selective inhibitors that can be synthesized concisely by microwave-assisted Pd nanoparticle-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination. We discovered that the derivatives 4h, 4i, and 4j display inhibitory activity against MAO-B with IC50 values of 1.55, 13.5, and 5.08 µM, respectively.