RESUMO
A number of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and the downstream phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways have been critically involved in peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we examined the activation of PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) in the distal segments of crushed rat sciatic nerve from 3 to 28 days after injury. In Western blot analyses, the phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases (JNKs) were highly augmented on days 3 and 7 and on days 7 and 14 after injury, respectively. Phosphorylated Akt and p38 consistently increased from 3 to 28 days after injury. Phosphorylated PDGFR-alpha and -beta were also increased from 3 to 14 days. In the immunohistological analyses, phosphorylated ERK and PDGFR-alpha were co-localized in many activated Schwann cells and regrowing axons 3 days after injury, while PDGFR-beta was localized in a few spindle-shaped cells. The detected temporal profile of RTK signaling appears to be crucial for the regulation of Schwann cell proliferation and following redifferentiation. Furthermore, the immunohistological studies suggested a role of ERK and PDGFR-alpha in axon regeneration as well.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos , Nervos Periféricos/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Receptores do Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting , Ativação Enzimática/fisiologia , Imunofluorescência , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Compressão Nervosa , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Nervo Isquiático/lesões , Nervo Isquiático/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
The John Cunningham virus (JCV) asymptomatically infects a large proportion (approximately 90%) of the population worldwide but may be activated in immunodeficient patients, resulting in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Recent reports demonstrated its oncogenic role in malignancies. In this paper, the presence of JCV-targeting T antigen was investigated in tongue carcinoma (TC, n = 39), dysplastic tongue epithelium (DTE, n = 15) and glossitis (n = 15) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ PCR and immunohistochemistry, and JCV copies were analyzed with the clinicopathological parameters of TCs. The results demonstrated that glossitis and DTEs had significantly lower copies of JCV (410.5 +/- 44.3 and 658.3 +/- 53.3 copies/mug DNA respectively) than TCs (981.5 +/- 14.0, p < 0.05). When they were divided into three groups with 0-200 copies/mug DNA (low), 201-1,000 (moderate) and more than 1001 (high), TCs showed 3 (7.6%) in the low group, 21 (53.8%) in the moderate group and 15 (38.4%) in the high group and glossitis showed 11 (73.3%) in the low group, 0 (0%) in the moderate group and 4 (26.6%) in the high group. The DTEs occupied an intermediate position between them (p < 0.001). In situ PCR demonstrated that the nuclei of TC and DTE cells are sporadically T-antigen positive but not in nasal turbinate epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry for T-antigen protein revealed four positive cases only in TCs. The existence of JCV T-antigen DNA was not associated with the clinicopathological variables of TCs. In conclusion, the presence of JCV may be a risk factor of tongue carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Infecções por Polyomavirus/complicações , Polyomavirus/patogenicidade , Neoplasias da Língua/virologia , Carga Viral , Adulto , Idoso , Antígenos Virais de Tumores/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , DNA Viral/metabolismo , Epitélio/metabolismo , Epitélio/patologia , Epitélio/virologia , Feminino , Glossite/metabolismo , Glossite/patologia , Glossite/virologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polyomavirus/genética , Polyomavirus/imunologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias da Língua/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Língua/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Dental examinations and a questionnaire survey were carried out simultaneously in senior high schools to investigate influence of tooth misalignment and malocclusion on mental and physical health-consciousness of the students. METHODS: The questionnaire survey concerning health-consciousness was collected after the dental examination. The students were divided into three groups by their findings: "within a normal range"; "mild-", and "severe- misalignment and malocclusion". The relationship between the severity of dental abnormality and mental and physical status in health by the questionnaire survey was studied. RESULTS: The severity of misalignment and malocclusion correlated with (1) degree of consciousness of irregular teeth, and (2) degree of negative evaluation of themselves for their health-consciousness. CONCLUSION: There is possibility that the severity of misalignment and malocclusion corresponds to a negative self evaluation and causes mental stress. It is suggested that it is very important to identify young people with such problems at an early stage, and then to consult and promote correct dental alignment and occlusion, providing not only sufficient mastication but also unhampered mental development.
Assuntos
Má Oclusão/psicologia , Psicologia do Adolescente , Adolescente , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Japão , Autoimagem , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The effects of various free radicals derived from 6-formylpterin (6-FP), alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) combined with hyperthermia, on gene expression in similarly enhanced apoptosis of human lymphoma U937 cells were investigated using cDNA microarrays containing approximately 16,600 genes and computational gene expression analysis tools. When the cells were treated for 10 min at 44 degrees C (15% apoptosis level), 39 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated genes were identified. In the up-regulated genes, apoptosis- and unfolded protein response-associated genes were contained. The combined treatment with heat and either chemical enhanced apoptosis level (approximately 30%) and showed a chemical-specific gene expression pattern. Furthermore, the expression levels of selected genes were confirmed by a real-time quantitative PCR. The present results will provide a basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms in enhancement of heat-induced apoptosis by different intracellular oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Febre/fisiopatologia , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Linfoma/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Amidinas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Febre/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Oxidantes/farmacologia , Pterinas/farmacologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A newly devised retractor for mandibular torus is presented. It has a half-spoon-shaped head and was applied to various cases of mandibular torus for its evaluation. RESULTS: It was found that the elevated mucoperiosteum flap was safely protected lingually by using this retractor. Various mandibular tori were completely resected without damaging the surrounding tissues.
Assuntos
Hiperostose/cirurgia , Doenças Mandibulares/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/instrumentação , Humanos , Mucosa BucalRESUMO
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), as an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis, catalyzes the reversible conversion of thymidine to thymine. It is also identical to the angiogenic factor, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. We examined TP expression using immunohistochemistry in 66 archival samples obtained from the patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and investigated its relation to tumor vascularity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, clinicopathological features and survival. TP expression was identified in cytonucleus and/or cytoplasm in carcinomas, but was not identified in histologically normal epithelia distant to tumor in most cases. No significant difference of microvessel density (MVD) was found between the carcinomas with high TP expression (H-TP) and low TP expression (L-TP). The percentages of proliferative cells marked by Ki-67 staining in H-TP carcinomas was significantly higher than that in L-TP carcinomas (P=0.0222). The apoptotic indice (AI) in H-TP carcinomas tended to be lower than that in L-TP carcinomas (P=0.0723). Moreover, the level of TP expression was significantly correlated the pattern of tumor invasion (P=0.0146) and marginally correlated with lymph nodal metastasis (P=0.0804). Our results suggested that TP enzyme may play a role in promotion of tumor growth in oral SCC, and that its expression can be indicative of tumor aggressiveness in this tumor type.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Bucais/enzimologia , Timidina Fosforilase/metabolismo , Apoptose , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/irrigação sanguínea , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Divisão Celular , Seguimentos , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Metástase Linfática , Neoplasias Bucais/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neovascularização Patológica/enzimologia , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
We evaluated the prognostic significance of p34cdc2 expression in 50 tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) using immunohistochemical methods. The p34cdc2 protein was expressed in 33 cases of 50 tumor tissues (66.0%), compared with 15 cases of 42 controlled epithelia (35.7%). The expression of p34cdc2 was significantly correlated with the histological grade of tongue carcinoma (P<0.01). In addition, on evaluation of prognosis of tumor, the p34cdc2 protein was overexpressed in recurrent tumors or in those with lymph node metastasis. Statistics showed a significant reduction in the 5-year accumulative survival rate of p34cdc2 positive cases compared with p34cdc2 negative cases (P<0.01). Namely, the p34cdc2 positive patients had worse prognosis. The results suggested that the expression of p34cdc2 suited to the histological grade might reflect the malignant degree of tongue carcinoma biologically. Therefore, the evaluation of p34cdc2 expression was of benefit in elucidating the nature of tumor malignancy and the prognostic prediction of tongue SCC.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase CDC2/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/enzimologia , Neoplasias da Língua/enzimologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/enzimologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Análise de Sobrevida , Neoplasias da Língua/patologiaRESUMO
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is known as one of the critical prognostic factors in carcinomas of the various organs. However, the importance of COX-2 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinomas has not been fully described yet. We investigated overexpression of COX-2 by immunohistochemistry in 72 surgical specimens from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, and evaluated correlations between COX-2 overexpression and clinicopathologic variables. The immunoreactivity of COX-2 was cytoplasmic. COX-2 overexpression was observed in 10 (13.9%) of 72 tumours and it was well correlated with lymph node involvement at the time of surgical treatment (P=0.011) and postoperative recurrence (P=0.025), but not with the other clinicopathologic variables including age, gender, tumour stage and histological grade. In addition, COX-2 overexpression showed a close association with postoperatively disease-free survival (P=0.039) and overall survival as well (P=0.043), and multivariate analyses revealed that COX-2 overexpression was an independent predictor for disease-free survival but not for overall survival. The current study suggests that overexpression of COX-2 could impact on disease-free survival for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and that selective inhibition of COX-2 is a possible target for the therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/enzimologia , Isoenzimas/análise , Neoplasias Bucais/enzimologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/enzimologia , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/análise , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/mortalidade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Prognóstico , RiscoRESUMO
A phase I study of combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel (DOC) and nadaplatin (CDGP) was conducted in patients with untreated, advanced but operable oral squamous cell carcinoma. DOC was administered (one-hour i.v. infusion) on day 1 followed by CDGP (one-hour i.v. infusion). The dose levels of DOC and CDGP tested were 60/70, 60/80, 60/90, 60/100, and 70/100 (mg/m(2)). Fifteen patients enrolled in this study and median age was 60 years. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) occurred in one of six patients at DOC dose of 60 mg/m(2) and CDGP dose of 100 mg/m(2). The DLT was diarrhea. Because one additional patient at this dose-level developed grade 4 neutropenia lasting for 4 days that approached DLT and because fear of severe hematological problems was predicted, further dose escalation was not performed. This combination chemotherapy is active and well tolerated and warrants a phase II study. We recommended 60 mg/m(2) DOC and 100 mg/m(2) CDGP for phase II study.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Docetaxel , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Doenças Hematológicas/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/cirurgia , Compostos Organoplatínicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Organoplatínicos/efeitos adversos , Indução de Remissão , Taxoides/administração & dosagem , Taxoides/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the clinical and hisotological efficacy and toxicities of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel (DOC) and nedaplatin (CDGP) for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the preoperative setting. METHODS: A total of 30 patients with locally advanced but operable OSCC were enrolled. Combination induction chemotherapy consisted of DOC 60 mg/m2 followed by CDGP 100 mg/m2. RESULTS: All patients received one cycle of chemotherapy. In the clinical assessment, ten patients achieved partial response for an overall response rate of 33.3% (95% CI, 16.4-50.2%). Histological assessment of surgical specimens showed an overall response rate of 56.6% (95% CI, 38.9-74.3%). Although severe neutropenia was observed in 90% of patients, only one patient (3.3%) experienced severe infection. Toxicities associated with this regimen did not interfere with planned radical surgery. CONCLUSIONS: A single cycle of preoperative combination chemotherapy with DOC and CDGP showed moderate histological activity with an acceptable safety profile for the planned radical surgery. Further studies testing more cycles before surgery might be more appropriate.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Anemia/induzido quimicamente , Anorexia/induzido quimicamente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Docetaxel , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Compostos Organoplatínicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Organoplatínicos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxoides/administração & dosagem , Taxoides/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The non-receptor-type Src tyrosine kinases are key components of intracellular signal transduction that are expressed at high levels in the nervous system. To improve understanding of the cascades of molecular events underlying peripheral nerve regeneration, we analyzed active Src expression in the crushed or cut rat sciatic nerves using a monoclonal antibody (clone 28) that recognizes the active form of Src tyrosine kinases, including c-Src and c-Fyn. Western blots showed that active Src expressed in the normal sciatic nerve transiently increased up to threefolds after both types of injury. Immunohistochemistry using clone 28 showed that axonal components are the primary sites of active Src expression in the normal sciatic nerve. Soon after both types of injury, active Src was abundantly expressed in Schwann cells of the segments distal to the injury site. The expression of active Src in the cells decreased with restoration of the axon-Schwann cell relationship and eventually became depleted to very low levels after crushing, but was sustained at high levels in the cut model until the end of the experiment. Regenerated axons consistently expressed active Src throughout nerve regeneration and these eventually became the major sites of active Src expression in the crushed nerve. Among the Src tyrosine kinases, active c-Src selectively increased after crushing according to immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analyses. Due to its potent biological activity, the increased amounts of the active form of Src probably enhance axonal regrowth, the Schwann cell response, and axon-Schwann cell contact for peripheral nerve regeneration.