Correlations between odour activity and the structural modifications of acrylates.

Acrylates (acrylic esters) are versatile monomers that are widely used in polymer formulations because of their highly reactive α,ß-unsaturated carboxyl structure. Commonly used acrylates such as butyl acrylate are known to emit a strong unpleasant odour, and the monomers are therefore potential off-odorants in acrylic polymers. However, up to now, the odour properties of structurally related acrylic esters have not been characterised in detail. To obtain deeper insights into the smell properties of different acrylates, we investigated the relationship between the molecular structure and odour thresholds as well as the odour qualities of 20 acrylic esters, nine of these synthesised here for the first time. The OT values of 16 acrylates fell within the range from 0.73 to 20 ng/Lair, corresponding to a high-odour activity. Moreover, sec-butyl acrylate and 2-methoxyphenyl acrylate showed even lower OT values of 0.073 and 0.068, respectively. On the other hand, the OT values of the hydroxylated acrylates 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate were 5-244 times higher than those of the other compounds, demonstrating that the presence of a hydroxyl group obviously favours odour inactivity.

[Terminology concerning intravenous ports]. / Próba usystematyzowania terminologii dotyczacej portów dozylnych.

Ports are more and more often applied with patients requiring the permanent intravenous access, not only in the cancer treatment. Very devices, as well as procedures associated with applying them are determined in the heterogeneous way. Therefore during the last conference "Intravenous Port--implantation, care, complications" an attempt to systematize the applied terminology was made.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting postoperative complications and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.

<br><b>Introduction:</b> Biological markers of inflammation are among the main tools for predicting the risk of developing postoperative infectious complications at the preclinical stage. One of these biomarkers is the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), but the insufficient number of studies does not allow judging its value as a marker of infectious complications in colorectal surgery.</br><br><b>Aim:</b> Aim of the study to determine the predictive value of the neutrophil-leukocyte ratio as a predictor of infectious complications after colon surgery.</br><br><b>Methods:</b> From September 2018 to December 2021, 234 patients were enrolled in the study after colon surgery. The frequency of infectious complications, the differences in the levels of NLR in patients with and without infectious complications were determined.</br><br><b>Results:</b> One hundred and thirty-seven patients met the criteria of NLR-low, and 97 patients were categorized as NLR-high. The NLR status was significantly correlated with T-stage, perineural invasion, and increased likelihood of complications. Univariate analysis indicated that both low albumin and meeting the criteria for the NLR-high group correlated with an increased occurrence of complications. Multivariate analysis identified NLR-high and low albumin levels as independent predictors for complications.</br><br><b>Conclusion:</b> The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is a reliable predictor in predicting the risk of developing infectious complications in colorectal surgery. In addition, low values of this biomarker are a significant criterion for a safe discharge of patients from hospital. The prevalence and availability of this test makes it easily reproducible in clinical practice.</br>.

Prognostic value of using neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with burn injury for the diagnosis of sepsis and bacteraemia.

OBJECTIVE: At present time, despite the progress made in the treatment of burn injuries, mortality rate among seriously ill patients remains high. The main causes of fatal cases with the extensive deep burns are generalized infectious complications, the major of which is sepsis. According to the authors, from 25 to 85% of deceased in later periods of burn injuries die from sepsis. The frequency and severity of infectious complications in patients with burn injuries requires an accurate diagnosis of infection that will determine the tactics of therapeutic and surgical treatment of such patients (Di Lonardo A. et al., 1993). However, the clinical diagnosis of wound infection in patients with burn injuries is quite difficult. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical material makes 188 patients with burn injuries. The average age of patients ranged from 20 to 59 years. Men  98 (52.1%), women  90 (47.9%). The survey has been conducted from April 2014 to July 2016. RESULTS: In our opinion, the strength of the NLR (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) is the possibility of implementing this parameter simply by using already available biomarkers (neutrophil count and lymphocyte count). Therefore, this ratio is easy to integrate in clinical practice and cost effective. CONCLUSION: The application of NLR for the diagnosis of sepsis in patients with burn injuries is the option of choice, since its determination requires only the overall blood test.

Evaluating the Effectivenes of Antiseptic Solution Decasan in Treatment of Necrotic Soft Tisue Diseases.

Sepsis is a severe generalised infection caused usually by pathogenic bacteria. It is often the cause of hospitalization and death in patients treated in intensive care and other hospital wards. Latest research brought to better understanding of patomechanisms, took place significant development of therapy heading to improvement of general patients condition treated as a basis and additionally supported by local therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using the solution Decasan in the comprehensive treatment of patients necrosis of soft tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 192 patients (W/M 103/89; average -aged 53.35 ± 5.36 years). According to the classification of septic states (Chicago, 1991), patients were divided into three groups: first - patients to the local form of the infection, the second - with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), which lasted up to 72 hours and the third - patients with various forms of sepsis, SIRS in which lasted 72 hours. RESULTS: As a result of our studies carried out in patients where the wound was made decontamination solution Decasanu, received: pain reduction, decrease tissue swelling, early debridement of the wound and the appearance in the wound granulation, to reduce delays wound healing. Proposed algorithms treatment of various forms of sepsis, pointed out the essential elements, ie.: a comprehensive approach to the treatment of infection by early surgical intervention, intensive supportive therapy (fluid resuscitation), antibiotic therapy directed to microorganisms that cause infections and topical antiseptics therapy (solution Decasanu). CONCLUSIONS: The preparation antiseptic Decasan can be safely used for disinfection of skin, mucous membranes and wounds in the foci of infections caused by bacteria, fungi and protozoa.