Predictions and estimations of colorectal cancer mortality, prevalence and incidence in Aragon, Spain, for the period 1998-2022.

OBJECTIVE: estimate colorectal cancer incidence and prevalence in, based on mortality and survival data from the period 1998-2007, and provide projections of incidence, prevalence and mortality until the year 2022. METHODS: general and colorectal cancer mortality rates were obtained from the National Statistics Institute and survival data was obtained from the EUROCARE study. Estimations were carried out through the program MIAMOD. The joinpoint program was used to quantify the annual change expected in the projections. RESULTS: in men, an increase in prevalence is expected, from 237.2 (Crude Rate - CR = 303.5) to 237.7 (CR = 412.7) per 100.000 inhabitants/year in 2022. Incidence rates would increase from 48.2 (CR = 61.6) in 2007 to 55.2 (CR = 83.1), and mortality would increase from 22.7 (CR = 29.4) to 26.0 (CR = 39.6) when comparing 2007 and women, a reduction in prevalence is expected from 181.5 (CR = 268.3) to 167.9 (CR = 286.2) cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year. Incidence would change from 25.0 (CR = 38.0) in 2007 to 22.7 (CR = 39.2), and for mortality there is also an expected decrease, from 11.3 (CR =18.0) to 10.3 (CR = 18.5). CONCLUSION: the projections indicate that colorectal cancer in follows an increasing trend in incidence, mortality and prevalencein men, in opposition to corresponding decreasing trends in women.These projections must be considered in order to plan more effective prevention and treatment measures.

Pharmacologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease refractory to steroids.

Although corticosteroids are an effective treatment for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), many patients are dependent on or refractory to corticosteroids. This review is based on scrutinizing current literature with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and Cochrane reviews on the management of IBD refractory to corticosteroids. Based on this evidence, we propose algorithms and optimization strategies for use of immunomodulator and biologic therapy in IBD refractory to corticosteroids.

Cortical potentials during gap and non-gap paradigms using manual responses in humans.

An experiment was conducted on naive human subjects to measure the time benefits on finger reaction times produced by the offset of a central fixation point 200 ms before the appearance of a target stimulus in the periphery. Subjects produced a shift advancement of manual reaction times. Simultaneously, the event-related potentials were recorded. The gap paradigm induced offset visual evoked potentials and a frontal negativity, it also induced a higher P300 than the non-gap condition. The results suggest that the gap promotes the speeding of the response by a cortical priming.

Response latencies and event-related potentials during the gap paradigm using saccadic responses in human subjects.

An experiment was conducted in naive human subjects to measure the time benefits of the latencies of saccadic eye movements to peripheral targets when the offset of a central fixation point precedes the switching on of the peripheral target by 200 ms. Naive subjects produced a shift advancement of the eye movement latencies to the targets with respect to when there is no such temporal gap. Simultaneously, the event-related potentials produced by visual stimuli and saccadic eye movements were recorded. The switching on of the central fixation point induced a negative component that could be considered a contingent negative variation. Subsequently, in the control non-gap condition visual evoked potentials and P300 appear. The temporal gap paradigm induced offset visual-evoked potentials and a frontal negativity; it also induced a higher P300 than the non-gap condition. The saccadic ERPs also showed a frontal negativity preceding the saccade during the gap condition. The results suggest that fast regular saccades during the gap paradigm occur by a priming of premotor and motor frontal circuits indexed by the recorded negativity during the gap paradigm.

[Lung cancer projections for Aragon (Spain)]. / Proyecciones del cáncer de pulmón en Aragón (España).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer has a high incidence in Aragon (Spain). Current measures, such as stopping smoking, may lead to a change in lung cancer trends. The objective of the study is to track the trends during the period of 15 years from 2008 to 2022. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The mortality from all causes and that specific to lung cancer in Aragon between 1998 and 2007 was analysed using the statistical program MIAMOD/PIAMOD to estimate incidence rates, prevalence, and mortality until 2022. RESULTS: Projections between 2008 and 2022 in men: adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 will decline from 64.62 to 58.49. The mortality will decline from 57.41 to 51.95, and the prevalence of 94.13 cases per 100,000 inhabitants to 88.45. In women, the adjusted incidence rate will increase from 8.3 to 10.58, with a mortality of 7.21 to 9.18 and a prevalence from 14.78 to 18.75. CONCLUSIONS: These projections indicate that lung cancer incidence and mortality will remain a serious problem in the Aragon (Spain), and that a more intense primary prevention program is needed.

Some studies on the experimental infection of golden hamsters with Taenia solium.

Golden hamsters were infected orally with viable cysticerci of Taenia solium obtained from infected pigs. After two weeks of infection implanted scolices of about 4 mm were found in exactly the same number as the number of ingested cysticerci. At six weeks 66% of the ingested cysticerci were found as implanted tapeworms (average size: 5.7 cm). At ten weeks 16% of the ingested cysticerci were found as implanted tapeworms (average size: 5.8 cm). At 14 weeks no tapeworms were found. Skin tests with taenia extracts were positive after 9 weeks of infection peaked at 12 and 14 weeks and declined afterwards becoming negative after 27 weeks. Skin test with cysticercus extracts were weaker, peaked at 8 and 10 weeks, were very low after 12 weeks and became negative after 16 weeks. Histological studies in the attachment site at the small intestine showed at 2 weeks a cellular infiltrate formed by macrophages, epithelioid cells and some plasma cells, there was very little alteration of epithelium. At 6 and 8 weeks the epithelium was damaged and necrotized. At 17 and 19 weeks the lesion started to resolve. We conclude that the golden hamster can be used to reproduce in the laboratory at least part of the life cycle of Taenia solium.

Efectos de la temperatura e inactivantes sobre cepas de virus aftoso en Colombia. / Effects of temperature and inactivating agents on Colombian foot-and-mouth virus strains

Se realizaron estudios sobre la susceptibilidad de cepas de virus aftoso en Colombia a la accion de la temperatura (26o C y 37o C) y de agentes inactivantes acetiletilenimina (AEI) y etileniminabinaria.(BEI) aplicando procesos corrientes de in activacion o mediante la tecnica de estabilidad termica a 47.5oC durante 5 minutos. Las observaciones sobre la concentracion de particulas 146S de cada virus fueron efectuadas aplicando analisis lineares de gradientes de densidad de sucrosa. En nuestros resultados se obtuvo una mayor susceptilizada a la degradacion del virus Tipo O Subtipo 1 (Cepa 9489) respecto a la observada con el virus O1 (Cepa Campos).Las Cepas de Tipo A Subtipo 24 (Cruzeiro)y A27 (8046) fueron mas resistentes a la accion de la temperatura y de los inactivantes utilizados en estos ensayos que los virus O1