A review of the injuries caused by occupational footwear.

BACKGROUND: Occupational footwear is intended to provide protection against the risks associated with work activities. The choice of footwear is complex due to the welfare, health and safety conditions of workers. AIMS: To identify the injuries and problems caused by occupational footwear through a systematic review of the existing literature. METHODS: A literature search was carried out in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Dialnet Plus, Pubmed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases over the period 2000-23, following the PRISMA Declaration guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 27 studies were included in the review. The results indicated that there is a wide variety of injuries caused by occupational footwear: from dermal injuries (e.g. calluses) and injuries to the nail apparatus to inflammatory pathologies such as plantar fasciitis or bursitis. In addition, inappropriate footwear can cause pain in the ankle and foot, knees, hips and lower back. Other results include the discomfort derived from the footwear itself. CONCLUSIONS: Inappropriate footwear can cause injuries to the foot and other related bone structures. Further studies are needed on the detection of foot injuries caused by occupational footwear and the levels of action at this level to improve the worker's health, the adaptability of the footwear to the wearer, and the worker's comfort and adherence to the footwear.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring into spanish.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to provide a Spanish version of the nursing students'' perceptions of instructor caring with content validity and reliability. METHODS: A forward and backward translation procedure was conducted, and a panel of 15 experts assessed face validity. Content validity was established by calculating content validity indexes for each item and for the scale. The internal consistency was assessed in a sample of 120 students. RESULTS: Content validity indexes resulted in higher than 0.78 for all items except Does not reveal any of his or her personal sides and serves as a trusted resource for personal problem solving; content validity index for the scale was 0.9 and Cronbach α was 0.942. DISCUSSION: Results regarding reliability were similar to that of other studies in which the nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring has been used as a measuring tool. Item 12 deletion implies a considerable improvement in internal consistency. CONCLUSION: The Spanish nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring is a valid and reliable tool to be used in the Spanish context. Its use will enhance the understanding of clinical mentors' impact on nursing students.

[Predictive validity of Bishop and Burnett Scores for vaginal delivery modified by parity]. / Validación de la capacidad predictiva de resultado de parto del índice de Bishop y Burnett modificado por paridad.

BACKGROUND: Validating the predictive capacity on the outcome of labour of the Bishop Score (BS) and the simplified Burnett Score (BRS) compared to their modified versions, in which parity is incorporated. METHODS: Historical cohorts out of a total of 728 inductions during the years 2012-2013 in the "La Mancha-Centro" Hospital of Alcázar de San Juan. We evaluated the predictive characteristics by areas under the (AUC) ROC curve for each parameter of BS and BRS and for parity, as well as for each of the 4 indices. RESULTS: Parity and all the parameters of BS and BRS, except for foetal station and cervical position, were associated with the outcome of labour. Two modified scales were defined on the basis of BS and BRS, following removal of the "foetal station" parameter due to its low discriminative capacity: BSM and BRSM. Nulliparity was given a value of 0 points, and multiparity a value of 3 points for BSM, and 2 for BRSM. Modified indices showed a higher predictive ability (AUC) for vaginal delivery than the original indices, for both BS (0.70 vs. 0.62) and for BRS (0.69 vs. 0.62). CONCLUSION: Replacing the "foetal station" parameter with parity in BS and BRS, improves predictive capacity with regard to the original indices in order to determine the outcome of labour. Key Words. Bishop Score. Induction of labour. Outcome of labour. Parity. Predictive model.