RESUMO
As COVID-19 is spreading, national agencies need to monitor and track several metrics. Since we do not have perfect testing programs on the hand, one needs to develop an advanced sampling strategies for prevalence study, control and management. Here we introduce REDACS: Regional emergency-driven adaptive cluster sampling for effective COVID-19 management and control and justify its usage for COVID-19. We show its advantages over classical massive individual testing sampling plans. We also point out how regional and spatial heterogeneity underlines proper sampling. Fundamental importance of adaptive control parameters from emergency health stations and medical frontline is outlined. Since the Northern hemisphere entered Autumn and Winter season (this paper was originally submitted in November 2020), practical illustration from spatial heterogeneity of Chile (Southern hemisphere, which already experienced COVID-19 winter outbreak peak) is underlying the importance of proper regional heterogeneity of sampling plan. We explain the regional heterogeneity by microbiological backgrounds and link it to behavior of Lyapunov exponents. We also discuss screening by antigen tests from the perspective of "on the fly" biomarker validation, i.e., during the screening.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Glucose/farmacologia , Porfirias/enzimologia , Porfirinas/biossíntese , Aciltransferases/biossíntese , Amidas , Animais , Indução Enzimática , Feminino , Ácidos Levulínicos , Fígado/metabolismo , NAD/metabolismo , Porfirias/induzido quimicamente , Piridinas , Ratos , SuccinatosAssuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/metabolismo , Glucose/farmacologia , Fígado/metabolismo , NAD/biossíntese , Porfirinas/biossíntese , Aciltransferases/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Etanol , Feminino , Humanos , Lactatos/metabolismo , Ácidos Levulínicos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Porfirias/metabolismo , Piruvatos/metabolismo , Ratos , SuccinatosAssuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/biossíntese , Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Animais , Catequina/farmacologia , Proteínas Alimentares , Etanol , Etionina/farmacologia , Fígado Gorduroso/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Malonatos/farmacologia , NAD/metabolismo , Ácido Orótico , RatosAssuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Hidroliases/metabolismo , Intoxicação por Chumbo/metabolismo , Aminoácidos , Animais , Medula Óssea/enzimologia , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Heme/metabolismo , Intoxicação por Chumbo/enzimologia , Ácidos Levulínicos , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Porfirinas/metabolismo , CoelhosAssuntos
Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/complicações , Porfirias/complicações , Quadriplegia/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Doença Aguda , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Adulto , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Metástase Neoplásica , Porfirinas/urina , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaAssuntos
Aminas Biogênicas/metabolismo , Etanol/farmacologia , Acetaldeído/metabolismo , Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Cães , Epinefrina/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Cobaias , Humanos , NAD/metabolismo , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Coelhos , Ratos , Serotonina/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismoAssuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Oxirredutases do Álcool/metabolismo , Intoxicação Alcoólica/enzimologia , Animais , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Catalase/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/enzimologia , Etanol/toxicidade , Humanos , Corpos Cetônicos/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Malatos/metabolismo , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Nucleotídeos/metabolismo , Porfirinas/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Coelhos , RatosRESUMO
Two familial enzymopathies, always related to the combined immune deficit, are reviewed. Both are clinically characterized by repeated infections since the birth, leading to fatal issue before age of 4 years. The hereditary deficiency of adenosine deaminase is associated to the deficient functions of T and B lymphocytes. The activity of the enzyme is non detectable in the erythrocytes, strongly reduced in the lymphocytes and in several organs. In hereditary deficiency of nucleoside phosphorylase the functional anomalies of T lymphocytes are observed. The biochemical mechanism of the relation between the two enzymopathies and the deficient function of the immune system is centered on the metabolic pathway of purine nucleosides ans nucleotides.
Assuntos
Adenosina Desaminase/deficiência , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Nucleosídeo Desaminases/deficiência , Fosforilases/deficiência , Deficiências Nutricionais/genética , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/enzimologia , Linfócitos T/enzimologiaRESUMO
The mechanism of the biosynthetic pathway of collagen is briefly summarised. The hereditary enzyme deficiencies of this pathway concern some of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Seven clinically well defined varieties of these syndromes have been recognized, all presenting, as common feature, an hyperextensivitry of joints and hyperelastic, excessively fragile skin. In three of these seven varieties, the enzyme defect has been recently discovered: the type V (associated with chromosome X) is characterized by the deficiency in the lysyl-oxidase, the type VI (ocular) by the deficiency in lysyl-hydroylase; in the type VII (arthrolaxis multiplex congenita) the activity of tropocollagen-peptidase is practically absent. These enzyme deficiencies provide a molecular basis for the interpretation of the pathogenesis of these varieties of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Assuntos
Aminoácido Oxirredutases/deficiência , Doenças do Colágeno/genética , Colágeno/biossíntese , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/genética , Endopeptidases/deficiência , Oxigenases de Função Mista/deficiência , Pró-Colágeno N-Endopeptidase/deficiência , Pró-Colágeno-Lisina 2-Oxoglutarato 5-Dioxigenase/deficiência , Proteína-Lisina 6-Oxidase/deficiência , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/classificação , HumanosRESUMO
1. ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP at concentrations of 1mm markedly decrease the amount of coproporphyrin excreted by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides illuminated in a medium containing glycine, succinate and fumarate. 2. The effect of ATP is decreased if ethionine is also added to the medium. 3. Evidence is presented showing that ATP is taken up by the organisms from the medium. 4. ATP is shown to have a marked effect on the utilization of glycine. In the presence of ATP the incorporation of the methylene carbon atom of glycine into the fatty acid moieties of the phospholipids is greatly increased, and more of the carboxyl carbon atom is lost, probably as carbon dioxide. 5. ATP has little effect on the utilization of succinate or fumarate. 6. The possible significance of these results with regard to the control by ATP of porphyrin synthesis and excretion and glycine metabolism is discussed.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Glicina/metabolismo , Porfirinas/metabolismo , Rodopseudomonas/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/antagonistas & inibidores , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Amino Álcoois/biossíntese , Proteínas de Bactérias/biossíntese , Isótopos de Carbono , Meios de Cultura , Nucleotídeos de Citosina/farmacologia , Depressão Química , Etionina/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/biossíntese , Fumaratos/metabolismo , Nucleotídeos de Guanina/farmacologia , Luz , Lipídeos/biossíntese , Fosfolipídeos/biossíntese , Estimulação Química , Succinatos/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Nucleotídeos de UracilaRESUMO
In 80 patients undergoing surgery for retinal detachment, cardiac rhythm was observed to improve some means of prevention from consequences of oculocardiac reflex. The injection of a parasympatholytic agent shown its effectiveness; heavy morphinic analgesia prevented from cardiac disturbances induced by scleral cryoapplication; retrobulbar block had no effect.