Modifications of the nasal cycle in patients with hypothalamic disorders: Kallmann's syndrome.

The nasal cycle is a phenomenon characterized by cyclic changes in the airflow resistance of each nasal fossa from congestion or constriction of the nasal erectile tissue. This phenomenon is caused by alterations in the influence exerted by the autonomic nervous system and is believed to be regulated by a hypothalamic center. In order to verify this hypothesis on the hypothalamic regulation of the nasal cycle, the authors studied a group of subjects with Kallmann's syndrome. This disorder is characterized by coexisting hypothalamic hypogonadism and hyposmia or anosmia due to hypothalamic and olfactory center hypoplasia. An anomalous nasal cycle was found in all the subjects with Kallmann's syndrome. This disorder might be related to hypothalamus atrophy.

[Determination of sialic acid in cancer of the upper aero-digestive tract]. / Le dosage de l'acide sialique (LSA) dans les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures.

The determination of serum lipid sialic acid (LSA) in subjects with laryngeal and oral cavity carcinomas demonstrated an important correlation between the presence of carcinoma and tumor marker elevation. 90% of positivity has been found in 60 cases of laryngeal carcinoma; 100%, on the contrary in 19 cases of oral cavity. The authors affirm the importance of LSA as a tumor marker, in particularly in monitoring patients submitted to surgical excision.

[A study using laser-Doppler velocimetry of modifications of the labyrinthine microcirculation induced by chemical and physical stimuli]. / Etude par vélocimétrie au laser-Doppler des modifications de la microcirculation labyrinthique induites par des stimuli chimiques et physiques.

Vasomotor activity induced by physical and chemical stimuli in the cochlear microcirculation was evaluated by laser-doppler flowmetry. Cochlear flow changes were studied after pharmacological administration and noise exposure. The reaction of cochlear microcirculation after drug administration is similar to that observed in the brain. After phenylephrine injection the authors observed an increase of cochlear blood flow, contrary to that observed in the peripheral vessels. The authors studied the difference in time-activity and quantitative effect of several drugs commonly used in cochlear vascular diseases. Cochlear flow decrease after exposure to noise is proportional to the stimulus intensity and the exposure time.

[Perforations of nasal septum: surgical considerations]. / Le perforazioni del setto nasale: considerazioni chirurgiche.

Perforations of the nasal septum vex both patients and physicians. A variety of methods have been devised to close septal perforations although none has gained universal acceptance. The following report presents a new approach for closing septal perforations using a modification of the Fairbanks technique. The "open" approach is performed as it provides easier access. A supporting graft is only used in the temporalis fascia, not in the cranial periosteum. Furthermore, the graft is sutured only on one side of the septum. Forty patients were treated with this technique and good results were obtained with small and mid-sized perforations (respectively 80% and 83%). In cases of large perforations the results were good enough (37.5%) to warrant recommendation of this technique.

[Tiaprofenic acid: levels in plasma and upper airway tissues]. / Acido tiaprofenico: livelli plasmatici e tissutali nelle vie aeree superiori.

Inflammatory processes of the upper airways can be successfully improved by using non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or in association with antibiotics. Recent clinical reports suggest that tiaprofenic acid (TA) is particularly suited for this purpose. This fact can be explained on the basis of the drug's pharmacokinetics and by the high concentration TA can achieve in the respiratory tract mucous membranes. In order to confirm this hypothesis TA levels were studied in the plasma as well as in tonsillar and turbinal tissue. Patients admitted for tonsillectomy or turbinectomy were given two tablets (600 mg) of TA from one and a half to five hours before surgery. In all cases blood and tissue samples were taken at the same time during surgery and drug levels determined by HPLC. Plasma levels ranged from 12 to 26 to 32.2 microgram/ml; tissue levels ranged from 3.9 to 5.4 to 4.9 micrograms/g, respectively, depending on time of administration. There was no significant difference between tonsillar and turbinal tissue. These results suggest a good penetration of nasal and airway mucosa by TA and are in agreement with the clinical data on the efficacy of TA in dealing with upper airway inflammatory conditions.