Transcriptome analysis of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus of laying ducks reveals immune gene expression changes underlying the impacts of stocking densities.

1. The thymus and bursa of Fabricius are important immune organs in poultry as they play essential roles in sustaining the normal immune function to maintain health. The following trial investigated whether the stocking density affected gene expressions in immune organs.2. Jinding ducklings were raised in either low or high density (4 or 8 birds/m2) conditions from four to 14 weeks of age, and were then slaughtered and tissues removed. Samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing to sequence RNA extraction. After filtering calculations with R software, a total of 508 (thymus) and 1,356 (bursa of Fabricius) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, suggesting that stocking density has an effect on gene expression in duck immune organs.3. Out of a total of 112 immune factor genes and 112 immune pattern receptor genes in ducks, four thymus and 18 bursa of Fabricius genes were differentially expressed in ducks, which indicated that the change of stocking density could affect the expression of immune genes in poultry.

Characteristics and viral suppression among people living with HIV from the National Free Antiretroviral Therapy Programme, 2019.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to present the clinical characteristics of and viral suppression in the national antiretroviral therapy (ART) cohort in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the participants enrolled in China's National Free Antiretroviral Therapy Programme (NFATP) who were on ART at the end of 2019. The data used were from China's NFATP information system. The primary outcome was viral load (VL) suppression. Full virological suppression and low-level viraemia (LLV) were defined as VL < 50 copies/mL and between 51 and 999 copies/mL, respectively. RESULTS: At the end of 2019, 853 429 people living with HIV (PLWH) were on ART. The median age was 44 years [interquartile range (IQR): 33-54]. The majority of PLWH were 25-44 years old (47.2%) and male (73.5%) and reported HIV infection via heterosexual contact (64.5%). The median (IQR) baseline CD4 count was 257 (140-376) cells/µL. Among the 704 375 PLWH who were on ART for at least 12 months, 82.9% had full virological suppression, 6.5% had VL between 50 and 1000 copies/mL (LLV) and 4.3% had VL > 1000 copies/mL. Optimal full virological suppression occurred in participants who acquired HIV through homosexual contact (88.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Although China can be credited for substantial progress in scaling up ART and viral suppression, challenges remain in some key populations, such as injecting drug users, participants with a history of treatment failure and hepatitis C virus co-infected people. To improve the programme output, additional monitoring and intervention for LLV are necessary.

[Survival time and related factors of antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan Prefecture, during 2005-2015].

Objective: To analyze the survival time and to explore the releated factors of antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in LiangShan Prefecture, Sichuan Province for reduction of AIDS death rate. Methods: The retrospective research method was used to collect relevant information from the Management Database of Antiviral Treatment from the National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Information System. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe the survival distribution and to analyze the survival time by single factor and the model of Cox proportional riskanalysis was performed to analyze the survival time of HARRT by multi-factors analysis. Results: Total 14 219 adults and young persons aged ≥15 HIV/AIDS patients received antiviral treatment from 2005 to 2015. The average age of all cases was (36.10±9.41) years old and 10 021 were males (70.5%). The main route of infection was intravenous drug use (61.0%, 8 678 cases). At the end of the observation, 10001 cases (70.3%) were still treated, and 1 425 cases (10.0%) died; Cox Regression analysis showed that female (0.67 (0.55-0.81)), route of sexual infection (0.67 (0.56-0.79)), baseline CD4+T lymphocyte count 200-350 (0.41 (0.35-0.47)) and ≥350 (0.28 (0.24-0.34)), was a protective factor in death. At the beginning of treatment, the patient is clinically staging stage Ⅱ (0.70 (0.58-0.84)) and abnormal BMI (1.75 (1.50-2.03)), is a risk factor for death (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early antiviral treatment is of great significance in improving the anti-viral treatment effect of AIDS. Compliance education should be further strengthened so as to enhance their knowledge. And it is feasible to enhance the effect of treatment through nutritional support for prolonging patients survival time and improving the quality of life.

[Application of weighted adjustments of dropout rates in sensitivity analysis of medical repeated measurements data and implementation with SAS].

Objective: To explore the application of weighted adjustments of dropout rates in sensitivity analysis of medically repeated measurements data and the implementation with SAS 9.4 software. Methods: By compiling SAS codes, mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used to conduct the covariance analysis of multivariable repeated measurements data. Meanwhile, the overall dropout rate and the dropout rates of each group were used to make weighted adjustments by applying pattern-mixture models, which was considered to be a sensitivity analysis to validate the stability of results. Results: The dropout rates of placebo group, low-dose and high-dose groups were 8.77%, 11.79% and 16.15%, respectively, the differences were significant (P=0.025). The results of mixed-effects models for repeated measures showed the differences of curative effect indicators changes from baselines of between high-dose, low-dose groups and placebo group were significant (P=0.008 and P=0.002). The results of pattern-mixture models considering weighted adjustments of the respective groups' dropout rates were consistent with those of mixed-effects models for repeated measures. Conclusions: The pattern-mixture models considering weighted adjustments of dropout rates can be used in the sensitivity analysis of repeated measurements data. The SAS codes can provide a practical basis for the popularization and application of weighted adjustments of dropout rates in the sensitivity analysis of repeated measurements data.

[Current status of national free antiretroviral therapy in interprovincial migrating people living with HIV/AIDS and influencing factors, China, 2011-2015].

Objective: To understand the current status of national free antiretroviral therapy in interprovincial migrating people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and influencing factors in China. Methods: Descriptive and trend test analyses were performed to evaluate the historical characteristics and trends of main descriptive indicators on national free antiretroviral therapy for the interprovincial migrating PLWHA by using the data collected from National Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Information System from 2011 to 2015. Logistic regression model was used to explore the main factors that influencing the coverage of national free antiretroviral therapy among the interprovincial migrating PLWHA in China. Results: The proportion of interprovincial migrating PLWHA gradually increased in last 5 years from 7.1% (17 784/250 645) in 2011 to 10.3% (54 596/528 226) in 2015 (Z=51.38, P<0.000 1) in China. The coverage rate of free antiretroviral therapy in interprovincial migrating PLWHA increased from 37.3% (6 641/17 784) in 2011 to 71.0% (38 783/54 596) in 2015, showing a significant rising tendency (Z=96.23, P<0.000 1), but it was slightly lower than that in non-interprovincial migrating PLWHA in 2015 (71.5%, 338 654/473 630). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the PLWHA who were females, aged ≥50 years, of Han ethnic group, married or had spouse, had the educational level of high school or above, infected through homosexual intercourse, with CD(4)(+)T cells counts ≤500 cells/µl at the first visit, identified to be infected with HIV in medical setting, living in urban areas et al, were more likely to receive free antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: The coverage rate of free antiretroviral therapy varied among the interprovincial migrating PLWHA with different characteristics. It is still necessary to take effective measures to further increase the coverage of free antiretroviral therapy in interprovincial migrating PLWHA and to include the free antiretroviral therapy in interprovincial migrating PLWHA into standardized management system as soon as possible.

Synthesis and coordination properties of new bis(phosphinomethyl)pyridine N,P,P'-trioxides.

In a search for more hydrocarbon solvent soluble derivatives of the parent ligand, 2,6-[Ph(2)P(O)CH(2)](2)C(5)H(3)NO (1a), a series of new ligands, 2,6-[R(2)P(O)CH(2)](2)C(5)H(3)NO [R = Bz (1b); Tol (1c); Et (1d); Pr (1e); Bu (1f); Pn (1g); Hx (1h); Hp (1i); and Oct (1j)] and 2,6-[RR'P(O)CH(2)](2)C(5)H(3)NO [R = Ph, R' = Bz (2a); R = Ph, R' = Me (2b); R = Ph, R' = Hx (2c); R = Ph, R' = Oct (2d)], have been prepared by either Arbusov or Grignard substitutions on 2,6-bis(chloromethyl)pyridine followed by N-oxidation. The new ligands have been characterized by spectroscopic methods, and their coordination chemistry with selected lanthanide ions has been surveyed. Several 1:1 and 2:1 ligand/metal complexes have been isolated, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses for Nd(2a)(NO(3))(3), Er(2a)(NO(3))(3), Yb(1d)(NO(3))(3), and [Nd(1c)(2)](NO(3))(3) are described. The new structural data are discussed in relation to the structures of complexes formed by 1a.

Synthesis and coordination chemistry of 2,6-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenol P,P'-dioxides.

The 2,6-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenol-P,P'-dioxides, [Ph(2)P(O)CH(2)](2)C(6)H(2)(R)OH, with R = H (2a), Br (2b), Me (2c), (t)Bu (2d), were prepared via Arbusov reactions between Ph(2)POEt and the phenol derivatives (ClCH(2))(2)C(6)H(2)(R)OH. The compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods, and their coordination chemistry with lanthanide nitrates, Ln(NO(3))(3), has been surveyed. The 1:1 complexes [Er(2c)(NO(3))(3)].Me(2)CO and [Nd(2d)(NO(3))(3).Me(2)CO].Me(2)CO have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, and the ligands found to act as neutral tridentate chelates. No evidence was found for the formation of 2:1 L:M complexes suggesting that these derivatives of 2 are weaker chelators than the related 2,6-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyridine N,P,P'-trioxide chelates.