Inflammatory stricture of the right ureter following perforated appendicitis: The first Indian report.

Perforated appendicitis leading to inflammatory stricture of the right ureter is a rarity. We present this fairly uncommon case of a patient who developed a stricture of the right ureter secondary to an ongoing inflammatory process in the peritoneum and retroperitoneum. A perforated appendicitis was operated upon, and on follow-up the mild hydronephrosis had worsened. Stenting of the right ureter completely solved the problem.

Mirincamycin, an old candidate for malaria combination treatment and prophylaxis in the 21st century: in vitro interaction profiles with potential partner drugs in continuous culture and field isolates.

BACKGROUND: Spreading resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to existing drugs calls for the search for novel anti-malarial drugs and combinations for the treatment of falciparum malaria. METHODS: In vitro and ex vivo investigations were conducted with fresh P. falciparum field isolates and culture-adapted P. falciparum clones to evaluate the anti-malarial potential of mirincamycin, a lincosamide, alone and in combination with tafenoquine (TQ), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and chloroquine (CQ). All samples were tested in a histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) drug susceptibility assay. RESULTS: Interaction analysis showed additive to synergistic interaction profiles with these potential partner drugs, with an overall geometric mean fractional inhibitory concentration at 50% inhibition (FIC50) of 0.78, 0.80 and 0.80 for mirincamycin with TQ, DHA, and CQ, respectively. Antagonism was not found in any of the tested field isolates or clones. The strongest tendency toward synergy (i.e. the lowest FIC) was seen with a combination ratio of 1:0.27 to 1:7.2 (mean 1:2.7) for the combination with tafenoquine. The optimal combination ratios for DHA and CQ were 1:444.4 to 1:36,000 (mean 1:10,755.5) and 1:2.7 to 1:216 (mean 1:64.5), respectively. No evidence of an activity correlation (i.e. potential cross-resistance) with DHA, mefloquine, quinine or chloroquine was seen whereas a significant correlation with the activity of clindamycin and azithromycin was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Mirincamycin combinations may be promising candidates for further clinical investigations in the therapy and prophylaxis of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria or in combination with 4 or 8-aminoquinolines for the treatment and relapse prevention of vivax malaria.

Antiplasmodial activity of flavonol quercetin and its analogues in Plasmodium falciparum: evidence from clinical isolates in Bangladesh and standardized parasite clones.

Malaria is still a major threat in many parts of the world with resistance spreading to almost all classes of antimalarials. The limited arsenal of available antimalarial drugs emphasizes the urgent need for novel antimalarial compounds. Owing to the fact that novel leads from nature have traditionally played a pivotal role in the development of various classes of antimalarials, we investigated a set of eight naturally occurring dietary flavonoids and their analogues for their antiplasmodial activity on clinical field isolates in southeastern Bangladesh and culture-adapted chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasite clones. Except for taxifolin, all the other flavonoids had 50% inhibitory concentrations below 14 µM, both in the field and laboratory-adapted parasites. Neither of the flavonoids showed any activity correlation with chloroquine. The quercetin analogue rutin (7.10 ± 10.32 µM) was the most active substance in field isolates as well as laboratory-adapted cultures (3.53 ± 13.34 µM in 3D7 and 10.38 ± 15.08 µM in K1), providing the first evidence of its activity against Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Thus, our results provide important evidence of the antimalarial activity of flavonoids in traditional use and thus warrant further investigation of these compounds as potential antiplasmodial agents.

Thoracoscopic Diaphragmatic Plication for Eventration in Pregnant Woman: A Case Report.

Diaphragmatic eventration is an uncommon malady, underdiagnosed and often treated only in emergent situations. Eventration of the diaphragm is best treated by plication of diaphragm with or without meshplasty. Various studies have shown that thoracoscopic plication is as efficient as laparotomy or laparoscopic plication. We present here the report of thoracoscopic diaphragmatic plication for eventration performed in the third trimester of pregnancy in a 28-year-old woman who presented with acute respiratory distress. To our knowledge, we believe this to be the first published case in medical literature.

Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Ureterouretrostomy for Retrocaval Ureter-a Case Report.

Retrocaval ureter is a rare developmental anomaly with an incidence of 1 in 1500 births. The inferior vena cava compresses the ureter posteriorly, causing upstream dilatation of the proximal ureter and the kidney. We report a 16-year-old girl who presented with right flank pain, diagnosed as retrocaval ureter with ultrasound, intravenous urogram and CECT, and was treated with laparoscopic transperitoneal ureteroureterostomy. Embryological aspects and laparoscopic technical considerations are highlighted in this case report.

Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy with Contralateral Ovarian Serous Cyst Adenoma Torsion: Laparoscopic Management of Double Trouble.

Adnexal torsion is responsible for 2.7% of all gynecological emergencies. Ectopic pregnancy is relatively common, occurring in 2% of all pregnancies. We report the second case of ruptured right tubal ectopic gestation with torsion of serous cystadenoma of left ovary. This was diagnosed after emergency laparoscopy done for acute abdomen. Right salpingectomy and left ovarian detorsion followed by cystectomy were done laparoscopically.

First Branchial Arch Fistula: A Rarity and a Surgical Challenge.

Although 2(nd) Branchial arch fistulae (from incomplete closure of Cervical sinus of His) are well known, 1(st) arch fistulae are much rarer (<10%) and are usually not tackled comprehensively. We present a case of a rare first branchial arch fistula of the type II Arnot classification, which presented with two external openings of more than 20 years duration. Patient had a successful resection of all the concerned fistulous tract. Review of literature and the surgical challenges of the procedure are presented herewith.

Single-Incision Multi-Port Appendectomy for a Patient with Situs Inversus Totalis: First case report.

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare autosomal recessive condition involving the complete lateral transposition of the organs. When individuals with this condition suffer from appendicitis, associated pain and symptoms are usually present on the left side, resulting in diagnostic difficulties. Moreover, the laparoscopic removal of the left-sided appendix may pose practical problems during surgery. Removal of an inflamed appendix is generally performed using a multiple-port laparoscopy. We report a 22-year-old male who presented to the Lifeline Institute of Minimal Access Surgery in Chennai, India, in April 2015 with pain in the left iliac fossa. Chest X-rays and ultrasonography confirmed SIT with an acutely inflamed appendix on the left side. The patient underwent a single-incision multi-port laparoscopic appendectomy with a successful outcome. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of a single-incision multi-port appendectomy in a patient with SIT.

Laparoscopic Excision of Retroperitoneal Schwannoma.

Schwannomas are tumours that arise from the myelin sheath of the nerves. A very unusual location for schwannoma is the retro peritoneal areas (less than 2%). We present herewith a patient who had a 4x5cm Schwannoma arising from the nerve root of L2 on the right side, which presented as a lump in the psoas major muscle. This was treated by total laparoscopic excision after splitting open the psoas major. In the published english medical literature we could find only 16 cases of laparoscopic resection of retroperitoneal schwannoma and we believe ours to be the first case that was done through a psoas muscle split technique. Technical and histopathological details are discussed elaborately in this article.

Retroperitoneal approach for dissection of inflamed pelvic viscera in acute pelvic inflammatory disease- case report.

Tubo-ovarian abscesses can rupture spontaneously after a manual examination or an accidental trauma. A critically ill patient with septic peritonitis will only deteriorate if timely surgical removal of pus is not done. The operation of choice is removal of free pus, together with the abscess, the uterus, the tubes and usually, the ovaries. Anatomy is distorted, dependable landmarks are obscured and tissues are thick and oedematous. Loops of densely adhered intestine are difficult to separate. If an intra peritoneal approach is used, it is likely that the fragments of ovary will be left behind. This can subsequently cause signs and symptoms of ovarian remnant syndrome. Injury to the serosa of distended bowel occurs inadvertently, thus increasing the morbidity which results from the procedure. We are hereby presenting a unique case of a ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess where a retroperitoneal approach was used.

Arnold Chiari malformation with spina bifida: a lost opportunity of folic Acid supplementation.

In Arnold Chiari (kee-AHR-ee) II malformation elongated cerebellar tonsils are displaced inferiorly through the Foramen Magnum into the upper cervical spinal canal. It is a complex anomaly with skull, dura, brain, spine and cord manifestations. Meningomyelocele is seen in all cases. We present a case of type II Arnold Chiari Malformation diagnosed in utero in a pregnant lady .There was no periconceptional folic acid supplementation. As the role of the Methylene Tetra Hydro Folate Reductase gene polymorphism in neural tube defects is becoming evident, a simple opportunity as folic acid supplementation should not be missed. Folate supplementation as fortification of cereal grains will also prevent other conditions like congenital heart defects, urinary tract anomalies, orofacial defects, limb defects and pyloric stenosis.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of uterine arcuate artery pseudoaneurysm: a case report and review of literature.

Post-partum haemorrhage is a major determinant of maternal mortality. Traditionally, cases of post-partum haemorrhage caused by arterial injuries were managed by caesarean hysterectomies or bilateral internal iliac artery ligations. The diagnosis of aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations of uterine artery are often missed. Uterine curettage, caesarean section or vaginal delivery can result in uterine vascular anomalies like pseudo aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous fistula and rupture of uterine vessels. Colour Doppler ultrasound pelvis allows detection of these vascular abnormalities. It helps in differentiating the vascular abnormalities that require embolization from non-vascular abnormalities which can be managed by uterine curretage. Vessel malformations can be treated safely with transcatheter uterine artery embolization, but they can develop disastrous consequences with inadvertent uterine curettage. Transcatheter uterine artery embolization after pelvic angiography is the treatment of choice for uterine artery malformations and it has the advantage of preserving the reproductive capacity. We recommend a routine use of colour Doppler ultrasound pelvis for evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding.