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(1) Background: Dysbiosis is frequently observed in Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD). Antimicrobial treatment may be necessary to treat flare ups and the use of topical treatments is beneficial to prevent the development of bacterial resistance. Wipes are an easy way to apply antiseptic agents on the skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of 3% chlorhexidine impregnated wipes (Pyoskin® wipes, MP Labo, France) on local areas of dysbiosis in dogs with CAD. (2) Methods: A total of 20 dogs suffering from CAD presented with localised areas of dysbiosis were included in this study. Affected areas were cleansed with the daily application of chlorhexidine wipes once a day for 14 days. Follow-up visits were scheduled after one and two weeks. Clinical signs (lesions and pruritus), dysbiosis scored by cytological counts (cocci and Malassezia) and investigator and owner global appreciation were evaluated. (3) Results: A statistically significant decrease in clinical scores and cytological counts were observed as soon as D7 and until D14. Both owner and investigator appreciation were considered high (4) Conclusions: The use of chlorhexidine impregnated wipes is a useful and easy way to manage localised dysbiosis in atopic dogs and allows limiting of systemic medication to prevent bacterial resistance.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this pilot trial was to evaluate the efficacy and benefits of a preservative-free cross-linked sodium hyaluronate solution (Lacri +®, MP Labo, France) in 19 privately-owned dogs with dry eye. The animals were administered 2 drops of the tested product in each affected eye, twice a day (BID) for 30 days. Improvement in the global ocular clinical score (sum of the individual scores for conjunctivitis, ocular discharge, eye irritation, and corneal opacity/pigmentation/vascularization, each rated from 0 to 3) was defined as the primary outcome. Besides an improvement in each individual ocular score, tear film quality (Tear Break Up Time, TBUT), dogs' and owners' quality of life (QoL), as well as an increase in tear production (Schirmer Tear Test-1, STT1), were considered secondary outcomes. These criteria were assessed on D0, D0 + 15 days, and D0 + 30 days. Finally, a qualitative evaluation of clinical improvement was requested from the owners on D0 + 2, + 15 & + 30 days and from the investigators during the follow-up. RESULTS: The global clinical ocular score as well as the individual conjunctival and irritation scores improved significantly (p < 0.0001) during the pilot trial. The average reduction of the global score reached 30% on D0 + 15 days and 55% on D0 + 30 days compared to D0. Ocular discharge was significantly lower (p = 0.0002) on D0 + 30 days compared to baseline; however corneal opacity did not show any significant changes from D0 to the end of the follow-up period. The quantitative tear production was increased at D + 30 (p < 0.0001), with a significant improvement as soon as 2 weeks in, with around 30% and 60% of dogs presenting an STT1 value above 10 on D0 + 15 days and on D0 + 30 days, respectively. The QoL score was significantly improved compared to D0 at all time points (p < 0.0001). After 2 days of treatment, 39% of the owners rated the efficacy as "good". The efficacy of the tested product was considered "Good" or "Very Good" by the investigators in 78% and 93% of the cases, on D0 + 15 days and D0 + 30 days, respectively. The tolerance of this preservative-free formulation was good, with only rare and transient minor local reactions, realated to administration rather than the product itself.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the pro-inflammatory intracellular mechanisms induced by an in vitro model of dry eye disease (DED) on a Hela-modified conjunctiva-derived cells in hyperosmolarity (HO) stress conditions. This study focused on CCL2 induction and explored the implications of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFĸB). This work was completed by an analysis of the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA), dexamethasone (Dex) and doxycycline (Dox) on HO-induced CCL2 and NFAT5 induction. METHODS: A human HeLa-modified conjunctiva-derived cell line was cultured in NaCl-hyperosmolar medium for various exposure times. Cellular viability, CCL2 secretion, NFAT5 and CCL2 gene expression, and intracytoplasmic NFAT5 were assessed using the Cell Titer Blue® assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), RT-qPCR and immunostaining, respectively. In selected experiments, inhibitors of MAPKs or NFκB, therapeutic agents or NFAT5 siRNAs were added before the hyperosmolar stimulations. RESULTS: HO induced CCL2 secretion and expression as well as NFAT5 gene expression and translocation. Adding NFAT5-siRNA before hyperosmolar stimulation led to a complete inhibition of CCL2 induction and to a decrease in cellular viability. p38 MAPK (p38), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and NFĸB inhibitors, CsA and Dex induced a partial inhibition of HO-induced CCL2, while Dox and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor did not. Dex also induced a partial inhibition of HO-induced NFAT5 gene expression but not CsA or Dox. CONCLUSIONS: These in vitro results suggest a potential role of CCL2 in DED and highlight the crucial role of NFAT5 in the pro-inflammatory effect of HO on HeLa-modified conjunctiva-derived cells, a rarely studied cellular type. This inflammatory pathway involving NFAT5 and CCL2 could offer a promising target for developing new therapies to treat DED, warranting further investigations to fully grasp the complete intracellular mechanisms.