RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The calcium-binding protein S100A12 is highly up-regulated in the serum and sputum of patients with allergic asthma and is suggested to be a biomarker and pathologic mediator of asthma. OBJECTIVE: To test the role of S100A12 in mediating airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic lung inflammation. METHODS: Transgenic (TG) mice that express human S100A12 and wild-type (WT) littermates were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and assessed for inflammation, lung structure, and function. RESULTS: Following OVA sensitization and challenge, S100A12 TG mice showed reduced peribronchial and perivascular inflammation, mucus production, and eosinophilia as well as attenuated airway responsiveness to contractile agonist compared with WT sensitized and challenged animals. This is explained, at least in part, by remodelled airways in S100A12 TG mice with thinning of the airway smooth muscle. S100A12 exposure induced Fas expression and activation of caspase 3 in cultured airway smooth muscle cells, suggesting that airway smooth muscle abnormalities observed in S100A12 TG mice may be mediated through myocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: S100A12 is one of the most abundant proteins found in the airways of human asthmatics, and it was postulated that S100A12 could mediate the inflammatory process. Our study shows for the first time that TG expression of S100A12 in the lung of mice does not exacerbate lung inflammation in a model of OVA-induced allergic inflammation. We speculate that the high levels of S100/calgranulins found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatics and of OVA-treated TG S100A12 mice do not significantly mediate pulmonary inflammation.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade , Pneumonia , Sistema Respiratório , Proteínas S100/genética , Proteínas S100/imunologia , Remodelação das Vias Aéreas/genética , Remodelação das Vias Aéreas/imunologia , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Apoptose/imunologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Broncoconstrição/genética , Broncoconstrição/imunologia , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/genética , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/patologia , Imunidade Humoral/genética , Imunidade Humoral/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/imunologia , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Pneumonia/genética , Pneumonia/imunologia , Pneumonia/patologia , Mucosa Respiratória/imunologia , Mucosa Respiratória/patologia , Sistema Respiratório/imunologia , Sistema Respiratório/patologia , Proteínas S100/metabolismo , Proteína S100A12RESUMO
The use of porous polymeric minicolumns for the determination of phenols from the U.S. Environmental Priority Pollutant List was studied. For the off-line preconcentration of priority pollutant phenols from water by solid-phase extraction, minicolumns packed with 1,4-di(methacryloyloxymethyl)naphthalene-divinylbenzene copolymer and Amberlite XAD-4 were used. In order to compare the sorption properties of these polymeric sorbents, the recoveries and breakthrough volumes of phenol, p-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, o-chlorophenol, o-nitrophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 4-chloro-m-cresol, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were studied.
Assuntos
Acrilatos , Clorofenóis/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Metacrilatos , Polímeros , Compostos de Vinila , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluentes da Água/análise , Poliestirenos , PolivinilRESUMO
The normal serum concentrations of short-chain fatty acids C2--C6 (acetic to n-caproic) were estimated by gas chromatography in 35 children aged 4-16 years. Individual fluctuations were wide. The highest mean level concerned acetic acid (6.98 +/- 3.71 mug/ml), whereas the mean concentrations of other SFA were considerably lower and did not exceed 1.0 mug/ml except for n-caproic acid (1.34 mug/ml).