[Feminization of urology and glass ceiling: Survey of women urologists in France]. / Féminisation de l'urologie et plafond de verre : enquête auprès des femmes urologues en France.

INTRODUCTION: Urology has long remained the least feminized specialty. The objective of this study was to assess the demographic characteristics of female urologists and their feelings in terms of discrimination. MATERIAL: The survey consisted of a questionnaire of 12 questions, sent by mailing to all female urologists, a first time in May 2016 (n=84), then a second time in January 2020 (n=98). The anonymized answers were analyzed and compared in order to assess the evolution over the last 4 years. The participation rate was 46.4% in 2016 (n=39 respondents) and 50% in 2020 (n=49 respondents). RESULTS: The majority of women worked full time (73.5%), with a hospital (38.8%), liberal (46.9%) or mixed (14.3%) activity. Their main theme was women's urology (57.1%). In 2020, 59.2% of respondents had encountered difficulties related to their status as women during their career and 28.1% difficulties related to motherhood. Female urologists in private practice were significantly less concerned than their counterparts with hospital or mixed activity (43.5% versus 73.1%, P=0.035). Women felt that they were underrepresented in association committees at 95.9% (vs. 82.1% in 2016) and in university positions at 79.6% (vs. 89.7% in 2016). Finally, 91.8% were in favor of the creation of an association of women urologists (vs. 53.8% in 2016). CONCLUSION: Women urologists may encounter difficulties related to their status as women during their professional career. Between 2016 and 2020, there is an increase in the feeling of under-representation within association committees and an increase in the need to federate. NIVEAU DE PREUVE: III, étude rétrospective cas-témoins.

[Does the urologist in formation have a burnout syndrome? Evaluation by Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)]. / Les urologues en formation ont-ils un syndrome d'épuisement professionnel ? Évaluation par le Maslach Burn-out Inventory (MBI).

OBJECTIVES: To assess the burn-out syndrome in the population of urologists in training. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A trans-sectional study was carried out among the French urologists in training association (AFUF) members. A questionnaire including the Maslach Burnout Inventory and questions on the age, gender, professional and familial status, working time and hobbies was emailed. RESULTS: The response rate was 65.5 %. Mean burn-out, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores were 15.57 ± 8.55 (low burn-out), 8.56 ± 5.52 (moderate burn-out) and 37.19 ± 6.21 (moderate burn-out), respectively. Forty-five (24 %) had a severe burn-out syndrome, 11 an emotional exhaustion and 41 a depersonalization. Urologists in couple had a significant lower emotional exhaustion level than single. Depersonalization and low personal accomplishment scores were related to the age and working time. Having at least one hobby prevented emotional exhaustion and improved personal accomplishment levels. Gender had no impact on burn-out syndrome. CONCLUSION: Quarter of French urologists in training had a burn-out syndrome. Factors preventing it were working time reduction, being in couple and having at least one hobby. burn-out syndrome severity decreased with age and senior status.

[Results of an investigation by questionnaire into interest in neuro-urology of urology residents]. / Résultat d'une enquête par questionnaire sur l'intérêt porté à la neuro-urologie par les urologues en formation.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the interest borne towards neuro-urology within the community of the urology residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January and May 2009, all urology residents received an anonymous questionnaire by e-mail estimating their interest for neuro-urology. The analyzed data were: epidemiologic data; participation in theoretical learning and training courses practices; interest and investment in the speciality; opinion on the current formation. The qualitative variables were compared by the chi-2 test. P values <0,05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The rate of answer was 45,3 %. The middle age was 28,7+/-2,3 years. Ninety-two (70,7 %) of the 130 urologist residents questioned wished to exert full-time or divided in a hospital structure. They were 40 % to have a multidisciplinary neuro-urology staff, and 80 % were in a service which dealt with suffering patients of neurological bladder. The percentage of urologist residents interested by neuro-urology was 69,2 %, and 61,5 % of them wished to practice this activity in their future exercise. This wish was significantly higher for those resulting from the ENC (p<0,05), for those wishing to exert at the hospital (p<0,01) and for those who practice urology at a level of expertise in neuro-urology (p<0,01). The theoretical and practical teaching of neuro-urology were considered as being insufficient for respectively 73,9 % and 64,2 % of the urologist residents. In contrast, the average note allotted to the neuro-urology module of the ECU was of 7,47 out of 10. CONCLUSION: Neuro-urology seems to be particularly attractive for the urologist residents, and many wished to integrate it in their future exercise. The motivation was more important for those who wished to carry out a career in hospital. Even if the quality of the teaching was very noted, their modalities were considered to be insufficient by most of them.

[Demography of residents in urology in France: appraisal and perspectives]. / Etat des lieux et perspectives sur la démographie des internes en urologie en 2008.

PURPOSE: The objective was to identify the number of residents registered in the course of urology in France in 2008, and to make a forecast in the number of posts of fellow and specialist assistant available at the end of their course. MATERIAL: From January to February 2008, a questionnaire identified in all French University Hospital the number of residents enrolled in the urology course, and the number of posts of fellow and specialist assistant in urology in the region. The year of the end of the course has been determined for each resident in compliance with seniority, and taking into account the availability. The number of fellow and specialist assistant posts available in the same period was estimated by considering the duration of each postinternship, and any change in the number of posts. RESULTS: Our census counted 207 residents, 76 fellow posts, 10 specialist assistant posts. Of the 207 residents, 29 completed their studies in 2008, 57 in 2009, 60 in 2010, 61 in 2011. Following our methodology, there was a lack of fellow and specialist assistant posts available from November 2010 (-15 posts in 2010, -7 posts in 2011). CONCLUSION: Our study showed an increase in the number of residents enrolled in urology course by years of promotion, causing a lack of fellow and specialist assistant posts from 2010. Apart from an opening of additional fellows and specialist assistants at that time, our study highlights the long-term regulation of entries in the urology course ensuring a postinternship quality.