[Consistency of ALK Ventana-D5F3 immunohistochemistry interpretation in lung adenocarcinoma among Chinese histopathologists].

Objective: To understand the consistency of ALK Ventana-D5F3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) interpretation in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma among histopathologists from different hospitals, and to recommend solution for the problems found during the interpretation of ALK IHC in real world, with the aim of the precise selection of patients who can benefit from ALK targeted therapy. Methods: This was a multicenter and retrospective study. A total of 109 lung adenocarcinoma cases with ALK Ventana-D5F3 IHC staining were collected from 31 lung cancer centers in RATICAL research group from January to June in 2018. All cases were scanned into digital imaging with Ventana iSCANcoreo Digital Slide Scanning System and scored by 31 histopathologists from different centers according to ALK binary (positive or negative) interpretation based on its manufacturer's protocol. The cases with high inconsistency rate were further analyzed using FISH/RT-PCR/NGS. Results: There were 49 ALK positive cases and 60 ALK negative cases, confirmed by re-evaluation by the specialist panel. Two cases (No. 2302 and No.2701) scored as positive by local hospitals were rescored as negative, and were confirmed to be negative by RT-PCR/FISH/NGS. The false interpretation rate of these two cases was 58.1% (18/31) and 48.4% (15/31), respectively. Six out of 31 (19.4%) pathologists got 100% accuracy. The minimum consistency between every two pathologists was 75.8%.At least one pathologist gave negative judgement (false negative) or positive judgement (false positive) in the 49 positive or 60 negative cases, accounted for 26.5% (13/49), 41.7% (25/60), respectively, with at least one uncertainty interpretation accounted for 31.2% (34/109). Conclusion: There are certain heterogeneities and misclassifications in the real world interpretation of ALK-D5F3 IHC test, which need to be guided by the oncoming expert consensus based on the real world data.

SOX2 gene expression and its role in triple negative breast cancer tissues.

The aim of this work was to study the expression of SOX2 gene in triple negative breast cancer and its role. One hundred and twenty specimens of paraffin-embedded triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues were collected from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, China between January 2014 and March 2018. The expression of SOX2 was detected using immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between the expression of SOX2 and clinical features was analyzed. Breast cancer cell lines (normal group, SOX2 interference group, SOX2 overexpression group) were cultured in vitro to detect the proliferation and cloning ability of the cell lines. The expression of SOX2 was related to lymph node metastasis and stage of breast cancer (P less than 0.05), but was not related to age, menopause or tumor size (P > 0.05); the expression of SOX2 in the overexpression group was significantly greater than that in the normal group after 72 hours, and no significant difference between the overexpression group and the interference group was observed. The number of clone cells with a diameter of 0.5 mm in the interference group was lower compared to the normal group, and that of the overexpression group was higher, but not significant. SOX2 is associated with the high invasiveness of breast cancer and can be used as a therapeutic target to inhibit the metastasis of cancer cells. SOX2 can promote the proliferation of breast cancer cells and affect the size of clone cells in its involvement in clone.

Human gastric adenocarcinoma allelotype on chromosomes 17 and 18.

Allelic losses of multiple chromosome loci in gastric adenocarcinoma suggest that inactivation of tumour suppressor genes in these regions may be important for tumourigenesis. To define deletion intervals and find candidate tumour suppressor genes involved in gastric adenocarcinoma pathogenesis, a genome-wide search for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was conducted in 45 patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Investigations using 29 microsatellite markers spanning chromosomes 17 and 18 showed allelic deletion in 29 (64%) specimens at one or more loci. Five LOH overlap regions, three newly identified as deletion regions, were defined: RI, D17S831 - D17S921 at 17p12-13.3; RII, D17S1868 - D17S787 at 17q21.3-22; RIII, D17S785 - D17S928 at 17q25.3; RIV, D18S61 - D18S1161 at 18q22; and RV, D18S462 - D18S70 at 18q22-q23. Eleven (24%) patients with chromosome 17 allelic loss also showed LOH on 18q, with at least one region of overlapping. LOH mapping showed allelic losses were widespread on both chromosomes and suggests the possibility that multiple tumour suppressor genes, including one or more that are unknown, might be inactivated in the aetiology of gastric adenocarcinoma.

High expression of KIF14 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Kinesin family member 14 (KIF14) is a mitotic kinesin and plays an important role in tumor progression. KIF14 overexpression has been observed in multiple cancers and has been correlated with a poor prognosis. However, its protein expression and prognostic significance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain unclear. In this research, we aimed to explore the relationship of KIF14 expression with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in EOC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we measured KIF14 expression in 170 EOC carcinoma tissue samples with immunohistochemistry and correlated these data with clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS: The expression of KIF14 in EOC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. Furthermore, KIF14 expression was significantly associated with metastasis (p = 0.047), histological type (p = 0.001), Ki67 expression (p = 0.004) and residual tumor (p = 0.038). Also, Kaplan-Meir survival curves showed that a high level of KIF14 expression was a predictor for worse PFS (p = 0.013) and OS (p = 0.009) in patients with EOC. CONCLUSIONS: KIF14 expression may be associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that it has potential value as an effective prognostic predictor in EOC patients.

Cytogenetic studies of five primary esophageal cancers.

In direct preparation of five primary esophageal cancers, chromosomes 1, 3, and 12 were most frequently involved in structural abnormalities; 12p- was consistently seen in all five cases and, thus, could be considered as one of the characteristic chromosome changes in esophageal cancer. Moreover, 2p-, 4p-, and 7q- were seen in three cases.

Cytogenetic studies of eight primary gastric cancers.

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on eight primary gastric cancers. Three of them had simple chromosome changes: 47,XX,+X/48,XX,+X,+X; 48,XX,+8,+19,t(3;5) (q21;q31) and 47,XY,+del(7)(q22). The five others had complicated chromosome changes; both 3p- and 7q- were noted in four cases and i(5p) was noted in two cases.

[Clinical significance of ultrasonography in detecting pleural effusion].

159 cases of pleural effusion due to various pathogenic factor are presented. 80 patients with tuberculous pleural fluid were examined by both ultrasonography and radiography, of which 30 cases were explored with B-mode and A-mode ultrasonography. Though the result of thoracentesis it was showed that the sensitivity of B-mode ultrasonography was apparently higher than those of A-mode and X-ray. We feel that B-mode ultrasonograph has a particular diagnostic value of identifying multilocular pleural effusion, small amount, encapsuled effusion and thickened pleura with small amount of fluid. Mean time, it can give a clear view and a quick measurement of thickness of the pleura.