RESUMO
Considerations are given to some methodical problems, and corrosion performance of stainless steels 30 X 13 and 03X11H10 M2T2 used for production of medical instruments is studied by using the method of anode polarization curves. The treatment in hydrogen peroxide is shown to exert a distinct passivating effect on surfaces of the steels under study. Among the bioactive media the plasma substituting agent gelatinol is the most aggressive. When studying the corrosion resistance of metals by potentiostatic methods the physiological solution imitating the blood is proposed to be used as an operating medium.
Assuntos
Equipamentos e Provisões/normas , Corrosão , Eletroquímica , Métodos , Aço InoxidávelRESUMO
Use of some hydrometheorological characteristics for assessing quantitative parameters of surface run-off in water reservoirs' areas is suggested. Conclusions concerning the potential threat of anthropogenic water pollution are drawn on the basis of above-mentioned indicators.
Assuntos
Diphyllobothrium , Poluição da Água , Animais , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , U.R.S.S.RESUMO
Poisoning with methemoglobin toxins are not rare in forensic medical practice, but there is still no reliable method for measuring methemoglobin in cadaveric biological fluids and tissues. The author investigated factors affecting evaluation of natural amounts of methemoglobin in the blood, compared several methods for methemoglobin measurements, and developed qualitative characteristics indicating the presence of methemoglobin in cadaveric blood. A rational method for measuring methemoglobin in the blood, blood clots, and tissues is offered for forensic chemical and biochemical evaluations.
Assuntos
Cadáver , Metemoglobina/análise , Medicina Legal , HumanosRESUMO
Possibility for the contamination of man-made lakes by helminth eggs caused by superficial drain was estimated. The estimation allowed one to apply a differential approach to the organization of protection measures.
Assuntos
Água Doce , Helmintos , Poluição da Água , Abastecimento de Água , Animais , Fezes , Humanos , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Federação RussaRESUMO
Information analysis was used to assess the influence of certain anthropogenic factors on the situation in water reservoirs of the Daugava, Dnieper, Don, Volga, Kama, Ob, Yenisei, Amu Darya and Zeya river basins with respect to diphyllobothriasis.
Assuntos
Difilobotríase/epidemiologia , Saúde Ambiental , Poluição da Água , Difilobotríase/transmissão , Reservatórios de Doenças , Água Doce , Humanos , Prognóstico , U.R.S.S./epidemiologia , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
Current epidemiological situation on opisthorchiasis and bothriocephaliasis and possibility of its alteration due to hydro construction is characterized. Construction of the Bratsk and Krasnoyarsk reservoirs led to development of new large foci of bothriocephaliasis. There is a possibility of developing new foci near other operating reservoirs or near those under construction and design. Foci of bothriocephaliasis on the Yenisei reservoirs are supposed to be more intensive than foci on the Angara reservoirs. Some opisthorchiasis foci are found in the Biryusa basin, local cases of human invasion are registered in regions on the Taseyeva river, down the Angara, and in one of the Yenisei regions where invasion foci of low intensity are supposed to exist. Reservoir construction on the Yenisei and Angara will not promote the development of new opisthorchiasis foci.
Assuntos
Difilobotríase/epidemiologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Opistorquíase/epidemiologia , Animais , Difilobotríase/transmissão , Difilobotríase/veterinária , Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Peixes , Água Doce , Humanos , Opistorquíase/transmissão , Opistorquíase/veterinária , Sibéria/epidemiologia , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
The situation with helminthiases has been studied on the right tributaries of the Dnieper, the upper reaches of Kremenchug storage pond and in the storage ponds of the South Bug basin. The existence of genuine opisthorchiasis foci in Kremenchug storage pond is at present impossible due to the absence of Codiella mollusks. Fish of the carp family is infected in the right tributaries of the Dnieper. No diphyllobothriasis foci have been identified in the upper reaches of Kremenchug storage pond. Opisthorchiasis and diphyllobothriasis foci have not been identified in storage ponds of the South Bug basin and the formation of such foci in this area is not expected in the future. The population infectivity with geohelminthiases in these storage pond areas remained unchanged.
Assuntos
Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Abastecimento de Água , Animais , Reservatórios de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Vetores de Doenças , Peixes/parasitologia , Helmintíase/parasitologia , Helmintíase/transmissão , Humanos , Moluscos/parasitologia , Fatores de Risco , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Ucrânia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The investigations conducted in the construction area of Adyche and Sakhalin water reservoirs made it possible to work out the prognosis for the changes in the situation on diphyllobothriasis. In the area of Adyche water reservoir the population invasion with D. latum is likely to increase, while in the area of Sakhalin water reservoir the situation on D. klebanovskii sp. no. will remain unchanged.
Assuntos
Difilobotríase/epidemiologia , Abastecimento de Água , Animais , Difilobotríase/transmissão , Difilobotríase/veterinária , Diphyllobothrium/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Peixes/parasitologia , Humanos , Larva/isolamento & purificação , Prognóstico , Engenharia Sanitária , Esgotos , Sibéria/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The effect of some physical-geographical and anthropogenic factors on the circulation of Diphyllobothriidae and Opisthorchis at the hydrotechnical objects of various regions of the USSR is analysed. It is emphasized that these factors affect primarily the first intermediate hosts of parasites. In opisthorchiasis changes in the intensity of the epidemic process may take place within the limits of mollusca distribution area. In diphyllobothriasis, the area of distribution may be expanded and new foci may be formed with the changes in the river hydroregimen.
Assuntos
Difilobotríase/epidemiologia , Opistorquíase/epidemiologia , Abastecimento de Água , Difilobotríase/transmissão , Reservatórios de Doenças , Geografia , Humanos , Opistorquíase/transmissão , Prevalência , Prognóstico , U.R.S.S./epidemiologia , Poluição da ÁguaRESUMO
The results of wide uses of praziquantel (bilthricide, Bayer, Merck) to treat 2,440 persons in the outpatient setting of the endemic foci of opisthorchiasis in Tomsk Province suggest that the agent is highly effective (on the average of 97%) and well tolerable. There are no great differences in the efficiency of treatment, the frequency and magnitude of adverse reactions during out- and inpatient treatments. There are no either basic differences in the efficacy of praziquantel doses of 30, 40, and 60 mg used in the treatment of patients with Opisthorchis infection in whom 1 to 1.00 eggs per g feces are found. The use of praziquantel in a daily dose of 30 or 40 mg/kg in the outpatient setting permits the mass drug therapy of the population in the endemic foci, by reducing expenses on treatment. It is advisable to continue investigations of praziquantel used in small doses among the populations at low infection risk.
Assuntos
Assistência Ambulatorial , Reservatórios de Doenças , Opistorquíase/prevenção & controle , Praziquantel/administração & dosagem , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Fezes/parasitologia , Humanos , Opistorquíase/parasitologia , Opisthorchis , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Praziquantel/efeitos adversos , SibériaRESUMO
Whether the Russian praziquantel analog azinox can be widely used in the foci of opisthorchiasis was first assessed. The outpatient treatment of 7405 patients with the agent in doses of 30, 40, 60 mg/kg body weight revealed that azinox tolerance did not depend upon the intensity and degree of clinical infection signs but it was slightly worse when a dose of 60 mg/kg was given. Children virtually showed no adverse reactions, in adults their frequency was no more than 52 +/- 1.4%. The parasitological efficiency of azinox in the used doses was 96-99% in children and 82-86% in adults. There was a clinical improvement in 65% of the treated. Thus, the national drug azinox is not inferior to the imported agent bilthricide in tolerance, parasitological and clinical efficiency. Bearing in mind the equal efficiency, but the better tolerance and less cost of the drug doses of 30 and 40 mg/kg body weight, it is advisable to use them in the foci for outpatient treatment.