RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Venipuncture and intravenous cannulation are the most common painful procedures performed on children. The most widely used topical anesthetic is eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA). EMLA use is associated with a transient cutaneous vasoconstriction which can make it difficult to identify veins. We assessed with a prospective, multicenter, observational study whether EMLA interferes with venipuncture and intravenous cannulation. The primary study outcome was a success at first attempt in the course of venipuncture or venous cannulation. The study enrolled 388 children; 255 of them received EMLA and 133 did not. Eighty-six percent of procedures were successful at the first attempt in the EMLA group and 76.7 % in the no EMLA group. CONCLUSION: In this study, EMLA use did not interfere with the success of venipuncture or venous cannulation in children.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Cateterismo Periférico , Lidocaína/farmacologia , Prilocaína/farmacologia , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Combinação Lidocaína e Prilocaína , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pomadas/farmacologia , Flebotomia , Estudos ProspectivosAssuntos
Abscesso Retrofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Abscesso Retrofaríngeo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Estado Terminal/terapia , Drenagem/métodos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Abscesso Retrofaríngeo/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We investigate how braneworld gravity affects gravitational collapse and black hole formation by studying Oppenheimer-Snyder-like collapse on a Randall-Sundrum-type brane. Without making any assumptions about the bulk, we prove a no-go theorem: the exterior spacetime on the brane cannot be static, which is in stark contrast with general relativity. We also consider the role of Kaluza-Klein energy density in collapse, using a toy model.