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1.
J Appl Microbiol ; 131(4): 2033-2048, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33719123

RESUMO

AIMS: Present study was aimed to determine ESBL-encoding genes distribution in Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from animal-source food products and human clinical samples in Mashhad, Iran. The strains were also further studied to analyse genotypic diversity and find genetic relationships between them. METHODS AND RESULTS: The number of 85 DEC strains including 52 and 33 strains isolated from 300 food and 520 human stool samples, respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) typing methods were used to track their genetic relationships. The ESBL-encoding genes prevalence was approximately 70% in both groups of isolates. The blaTEM , blaCTX-M and blaSHV were prevalent in 67·1, 20 and 10·6% of isolates, respectively. The ESBL-positives showed significantly higher resistance rates to gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, aztreonam and chloramphenicol (P < 0·05). Fingerprinting patterns-based dendrograms divided DEC strains into separate clusters irrespective of their sources and pathotypes. In typing field, rep-PCR provided more discriminatory power (Simpson's index of diversity (SID) = 0·925) than RAPD (SID = 0·812). CONCLUSION: Molecular similarity between certain animal-sourced food products and clinical sample strains supported food-borne transmission routes for genotypic elements such as ESBL-encoding genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Findings emphasize the importance of resistance issues, the need to improve treatment guidelines and routine surveillance of hygienic measures during food processing.


Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli , beta-Lactamases , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Tipagem Molecular , Prevalência , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , beta-Lactamases/genética
2.
J Appl Microbiol ; 131(1): 449-459, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33058340

RESUMO

AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three Bacillus probiotics on Salmonella Typhimurium, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression in the co-culture of the Bacillus and the pathogen in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus indicus and Bacillus coagulans were initially turned to spore and heat-inactivated forms. The cellular damages of the probiotics on the HT-29 cells were investigated individually and in combination with S. Typhimurium using 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and fluorescence assays. To extract cell free supernatants (CFS) of the probiotics, they were cultured in selective media. The inhibitory activity of CFSs were then assayed against the pathogen. The gene expression of IL-8 of the HT-29 cells was evaluated by real-time PCR in all the groups. The results showed that the CFSs of three probiotics could inhibit the growth of S. Typhimurium by more than 50%. Inhibitory effects of B. indicus and B. subtilis CFSs were related to the production of pepsin-sensitive compounds, except B. coagulans in which the high inhibitory effect was due to organic acids. The spores of the three probiotics and the heat-inactivated forms of B. subtilis and B. coagulans could reduce the cytotoxicity of S. Typhimurium. The cell viability also increased applying both forms probiotics against the pathogen. In all co-culture groups, the IL-8 gene expression induced by S. Typhimurium was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: The three Bacillus probiotics can be considered as proper candidates for the prevention and treatment of S. Typhimurium food poisoning. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Applying probiotics as live bacteria is universally noted in foods. This study tried to discover the effects of Bacillus probiotics in the form of spore or even heat-killed bacteria against S. Typhimurium and evaluate ratio of IL-8 gene expression in cell culture. The most effective Bacillus probiotic will be recommended. This approach will help to use probiotics as nonvegetative cells in foods to fight gastrointestinal pathogens.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacillus/fisiologia , Interleucina-8/genética , Probióticos/farmacologia , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacillus/classificação , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HT29 , Humanos , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Salmonella typhimurium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Salmonella typhimurium/patogenicidade , Esporos Fúngicos/classificação , Esporos Fúngicos/fisiologia
3.
East Mediterr Health J ; 19 Suppl 3: S194-7, 2014 Jan 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24995747

RESUMO

It is sometimes difficult to insert a nasogastric tube in an anaesthetized patient. We evaluated the benefit of reinforcing the distal portion of the nasogastric tube with a Nelaton catheter: 8 and 10 French Nelaton catheters were inserted into 16 and 18 French nasogastric tubes respectively through the first proximal holes of tubes up to their tips. The patients anaesthetized were randomly allocated into either the control or the Nelaton groups, and nasogastric tube was inserted as deeply as the catheter length, then the catheter was withdrawn and the tube was inserted farther to reach the stomach. Eighty patients (40 in each group) were included in this study. The success rate of nasogastric tube insertion was 90% in the Nelaton group and 57% in the control group (P = 0.001). The mean insertion time was 80 (SD 43) and 92 (SD 35) seconds in the Nelaton and the control groups respectively.

4.
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 59(2): 108-14, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21384307

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the last 30 years lung transplantation has proven to be a lifesaving therapeutic option for patients with end-stage lung disease. The objective of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of lung transplantation research articles. METHOD: A bibliometric evaluation of the evolution of scientific production in the field of lung transplantations between 1989 and 2009 was conducted using the ISI Web of Science. The search terms selected were "lung transplant" OR "pulmonary transplant". Specific features including year of publication, language, geographical distribution, first author, main journal publishing these articles, journals publishing highly cited articles, and institutional affiliation were analyzed. The citation characteristics of articles were additionally analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 6409 (58.0 %) research articles were found. The time trend of the number of articles showed an increase of more than 6.81 between 1989 and 2009. North America contributed 50.4 % and Europe contributed 46.0 % of published articles. The greatest number of contributions came from the USA (43.6 %), followed by England (9.1 %) and Germany (8.6 %). There were 104 522 citations of these articles by 25 July 2010. The average citation per article was 16.31. The New England Journal of Medicine ranked first with regard to the number of articles and the number of highly cited articles. G. A. Patterson, Washington University, and the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) were the top author, institution and funding agency, respectively. CONCLUSION: The number of publications and the scientific interest in lung transplantation has increased rapidly in recent years. Citations of articles published in the field of lung transplantation are increasing and the numbers of uncited articles are fewer compared to the average citations of articles and uncited articles in the field of medicine.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante de Pulmão/estatística & dados numéricos , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Academias e Institutos/estatística & dados numéricos , Autoria , Bibliometria , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Humanos , Idioma , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Iran J Vet Res ; 22(3): 195-202, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34777519

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Citral (C10H16O) is the main ingredient of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass oil) and can reduce the side effects of oxidative stress. Diabetes caused by insulin deficiency induces oxidative stress in the liver. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of citral on selected oxidative parameters and the gene expression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Forty rats were divided into four groups at random: control (C), control citral (CC), and two STZ-induced diabetic groups (diabetic (D) and citral diabetic (CD)). After diabetes confirmation (day 7), gavage treatment with citral (300 mg/kg body weight (BW)) was started in the CD and CC groups and continued for two weeks. RESULTS: On day 21 of the study, following treatment with citral for 14 days, the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and PON1 in the CD group were significantly increased compared to those in the D group (P<0.05). While treatment with citral caused a significant decrease in the Malondialdehyde (MDA), and eNOS in the CD group compared to those of the D group (P<0.001). The expression rate of liver PON1 gene was considerably upregulated in the CD group compared to that in the D group (P<0.001); while the opposite was observed for eNOS gene expression. However, there was no significant difference between the CC and C groups in terms of all examined parameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed positive effects of citral on serum antioxidant status and liver gene expression of PON1 and eNOS in diabetic rats.

6.
J Dent Res ; 98(9): 985-993, 2019 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31226001

RESUMO

Chronic periodontitis (ChP) is a prevalent inflammatory disease affecting 46% of the US population. ChP produces a profound local inflammatory response to dysbiotic oral microbiota that leads to destruction of alveolar bone and tooth loss. ChP is also associated with systemic illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying these adverse health outcomes are poorly understood. In this prospective cohort study, we used a highly multiplex mass cytometry immunoassay to perform an in-depth analysis of the systemic consequences of ChP in patients before (n = 28) and after (n = 16) periodontal treatment. A high-dimensional analysis of intracellular signaling networks revealed immune system-wide dysfunctions differentiating patients with ChP from healthy controls. Notably, we observed exaggerated proinflammatory responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide in circulating neutrophils and monocytes from patients with ChP. Simultaneously, natural killer cell responses to inflammatory cytokines were attenuated. Importantly, the immune alterations associated with ChP were no longer detectable 3 wk after periodontal treatment. Our findings demarcate systemic and cell-specific immune dysfunctions in patients with ChP, which can be temporarily reversed by the local treatment of ChP. Future studies in larger cohorts are needed to test the boundaries of generalizability of our results.


Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Monócitos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Adulto , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Estudos Prospectivos
8.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab ; 18(12): 1298-307, 1998 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9850142

RESUMO

Thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke can be successful only as long as there is penumbral tissue perfused at rates between the thresholds of normal function and irreversible structural damage, respectively. To determine the proportion of tissue at risk of infarction, cerebral perfusion was studied in 12 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent treatment with systemic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (0.9 mg/kg body weight according to National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke protocol) within 3 hours of onset of symptoms, using [15O]-H2O positron emission tomography (PET) before or during, and repeatedly after thrombolysis. The size of the regions of critically hypoperfused gray matter were identified on the initial PET scans, and changes of perfusion in those areas were related to the clinical course (followed by the National Institutes of Health stroke scale) and to the volume of infarcted gray matter demarcated on magnetic resonance imaging 3 weeks after the stroke. Whereas the initial clinical score was unrelated to the size of the ischemic area, after 3 weeks there was a strong correlation between clinical deficit and volume size of infarcted gray matter (Spearman's rho, 0.96; P < 0.001). All patients with a severely hypoperfused (< 12 mL/100 g/min) gray matter region measuring less than 15 mL on first PET showed full morphologic and clinical recovery (n = 5), whereas those with ischemic areas larger than 20 mL developed infarction and experienced persistent neurologic deficits of varying degree. Infarct sizes, however, were smaller than expected from previous correlative PET and morphologic studies of patients with acute stroke: only 22.7% of the gray matter initially perfused at rates below the conventional threshold of critical ischemia became necrotic. Actually, the percentage of initially ischemic voxels that became reperfused at almost normal levels clearly predicted the degree of clinical improvement achieved within 3 weeks. These sequential blood flow PET studies demonstrate that critically hypoperfused tissue can be preserved by early reperfusion, perhaps related to thrombolytic therapy. The results correspond with experimental findings demonstrating the prevention of large infarcts by early reperfusion to misery perfused but viable tissue.


Assuntos
Infarto Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Reperfusão , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Recombinantes , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Arch Neurol ; 52(9): 869-74, 1995 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7661723

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the registered analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and glucose metabolic data acquired with positron emission tomography to determine the relationship between structure and function of temporal lobe cortical structures between the left and right hemispheres. BACKGROUND: The dominance of the left cerebral hemisphere is associated with a preponderance of the left planum temporale. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen subjects without signs or symptoms of a neurological disorder. Three-dimensional-registered magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with the use of fludeoxyglucose F18 and a high-resolution positron emission tomography scanner. Analysis of regional metabolic activation during single-word repetition on matched parasagittal magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. RESULTS: The planum temporale was bilaterally activated without left-right asymmetry. The metabolic increase was asymmetric within the left Brodmann's area (BA) 22. The part of the left BA 22 that was buried in the superior temporal sulcus was significantly less activated than the part of BA 22 on the surface of the superior temporal gyrus. The metabolic activation in the sulcal part of the left BA 22 had a significant inverse correlation with the anatomical predominance of the left planum temporale (r = .71, P = .003) and a significant direct correlation with the metabolic activation in the surface aspects of the right BA 22 (r = .82, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Brodmann's area 22 is a critical feature of language dominance and is also important with regard to the exchange of information between the two hemispheres.


Assuntos
Dominância Cerebral , Lobo Temporal/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Temporal/metabolismo , Adulto , Córtex Auditivo/anatomia & histologia , Córtex Auditivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Auditivo/metabolismo , Feminino , Glucose/metabolismo , Hipocampo/anatomia & histologia , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Humanos , Idioma , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão
10.
Arch Neurol ; 54(2): 145-50, 1997 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9041855

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Concepts of basal ganglia organization suggest structually and functionally segregated pathways that link putamen and caudate function to motor and cognitive performance, respectively. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether motor and cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease is attributable to selective disturbance in nigrostriatal, dopaminergic function and regional cerebral glucose metabolism. DESIGN: Twenty patients with probable Parkinson disease underwent positron emission tomographic measurements of dopaminergic, nigrostriatal function (positron emission tomography with fluorodopa F 18), regional glucose metabolism (positron emission tomography with fludeoxyglucose F 18), memory testing, and evaluation of locomotor disability. RESULTS: Memory performance in the patient cohort strongly correlated with the individual disease duration and degree of locomotor disability (P < .05). Striatal uptake rates of fluorodopa F 18 were significantly reduced in all patients (P < .05) compared with those in normal control subjects, and putaminal rates correlated significantly with the patients' degree of locomotor disability (P < .01) but not with memory performance. In the patients with an advanced stage of disease, there was a significant correlation between reduced caudate uptake rates of fluorodopa F 18 and the patients' impairment in delayed recall performance of the memory task (P < .05) but not with the individual degree of locomotor disability. No changes were found for regional glucose metabolic rates in the patients compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence for the hypothesis that on the level of the striatum, motor impairment in Parkinson disease may be assigned to altered dopamine neuronal integrity in the putamen but not in the caudate, whereas memory impairment in the more advanced cases may be attributed to caudate but not putaminal dysfunction.


Assuntos
Gânglios da Base/fisiopatologia , Memória , Movimento , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Gânglios da Base/diagnóstico por imagem , Gânglios da Base/metabolismo , Corpo Estriado/fisiopatologia , Desoxiglucose/análogos & derivados , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Cintilografia
11.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 777: 233-8, 1996 Jan 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8624090

RESUMO

Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were either stimulated with a continuous visual recognition task (n = 18) or with a continuous auditory recognition task during PET measurement with 18 FDG. The PET scanner was a Siemens CTI, ECAT EXACT with 5 mm transaxial and 6 mm axial resolution. The global stimulation effects were nearly identical in both groups and increased of 4.17 +/- 8.14% in the auditory stimulated group and of 4.03 +/- 11.78% in the visual stimulated group. Beyond regional stimulation effects in both groups a common cerebellar stimulation effect was measured. It is concluded that the cerebellar stimulation effect reflects a modality independent cognitive process and that the only small enhancement of global glucose metabolism indicates disturbed stimuli processes and finally explained the patient's failure in memory tasks.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Memória , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Som , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Desoxiglucose/análogos & derivados , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Distribuição Tecidual
12.
J Neurol Sci ; 141(1-2): 59-64, 1996 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8880694

RESUMO

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in thirty patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia (VD) according to DSM-III-R criteria, the effects of the adenosine uptake blocker propentofylline (HWA 285) on regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRGl) was studied using positron emission tomography of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). 25 subjects completed the 3-months study. Propentofylline significantly improved relative rCMRGl in the motor cortex, while relative rCMRGl in the placebo treated group worsened significantly. Neuropsychologically, visual information processing was improved in the propentofylline group and we observed a trend towards a slowing of the progression of cognitive deterioration in patients with VD. The results of the longitudinal analysis showed further that neuropsychological and metabolic changes are closely related. These findings justify a large-scale clinical trial to prove therapeutic efficacy.


Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Demência Vascular/tratamento farmacológico , Glucose/metabolismo , Xantinas/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Demência Vascular/diagnóstico , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Entrevista Psiquiátrica Padronizada , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão
13.
J Neurol Sci ; 154(1): 76-82, 1998 Jan 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9543326

RESUMO

To evaluate efficacy, safety, metabolic and clinical effects of propentofylline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 30 patients with mild to moderate AD who underwent pretreatment and posttreatment 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography under resting conditions and during stimulation with an auditory memory paradigm. Twenty-eight subjects completed the 3-month study. The drug was well tolerated. In the active treatment group, a significant increase of cerebral metabolic response to the memory task was observed (multiple measurement ANOVA P = 0.02). The placebo group showed a significantly decline in the MMSE score (P = 0.02) while there was no change in the treatment group. This suggests a protective role for propentofylline in slowing the progression of AD.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/prevenção & controle , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose/metabolismo , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Xantinas/uso terapêutico , Estimulação Acústica , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Análise de Variância , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicometria , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão
14.
J Neurosurg Anesthesiol ; 11(1): 17-24, 1999 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9890381

RESUMO

Regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) was investigated with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) in 24 patients with acute (AVS, duration <1 month, n=11) or persistent (PVS, duration >1 month, n=13) vegetative state (VS) following prolonged anoxia due to cardiorespiratory arrest. After a follow-up period of twelve months, 8 patients had died, 13 remained in a permanent vegetative state and three showed moderate improvement of consciousness, without however regaining independence for activities of daily life. As expected, overall glucose utilization (CMRglc) was significantly reduced in VS in comparison to age matched controls. Infratentorial structures showed a less distinct hypometabolism. Differences in metabolic rates between patients who died or remained in a PVS were small and insignificant and probably reflect different age structures of the two groups. A statistically significant correlation between the degree of evoked potential or EEG alterations in VS and the reduction of global or regional cortical metabolic rates for glucose could not be established. Cortical metabolic rates in patients with PVS were significantly reduced when compared to patients studied in AVS (p<0.05 for all cortical regions of interest except the frontal lobe). This phenomenon reflects the progressive loss of residual cortical function following anoxic brain injury that corresponds to the neuropathological findings of progressive Wallerian and transsynaptic degeneration as sequelae of anoxic brain injury in PVS.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Estado Vegetativo Persistente/metabolismo , Atividades Cotidianas , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Estado de Consciência/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia , Potenciais Somatossensoriais Evocados/fisiologia , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Seguimentos , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Frontal/metabolismo , Parada Cardíaca/complicações , Humanos , Hipóxia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipóxia Encefálica/etiologia , Hipóxia Encefálica/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Degeneração Neural/metabolismo , Degeneração Neural/fisiopatologia , Estado Vegetativo Persistente/diagnóstico por imagem , Estado Vegetativo Persistente/fisiopatologia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão
15.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg ; 102(4): 210-214, 2000 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11154806

RESUMO

With the intention to assess remote effects of cerebellar dysfunction, 23 patients with inherited or idiopathic cerebellar ataxia were studied with positron emission tomography (PET) and 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Eight patients (group 1) suffered from early onset cerebellar ataxia (EOCA, age of symptom onset <20 years), nine patients (group 2) from late onset cerebellar ataxia (LOCA, symptom onset between the ages of 20 and 50), and six patients (group 3) experienced symptom onset beyond the age of 50 years. The pattern of cerebral glucose metabolism in cerebellar ataxia was compared to the results in a control group of 16 healthy subjects. In all patients, a reduction in relative (EOCA, group 1) or absolute (LOCA, groups 2 and 3) values of regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMR(glu)) occurred in both cerebellar hemispheres as well as the vermis and both dentate nuclei. In patients from all groups presenting with a clinical syndrome of pure cerebellar ataxia, impairment of regional glucose metabolism also extended to the pontine and brainstem regions. In contrast to this infratentorial reduction of rCMR(glu) in all patients, in those with LOCA, a significant relative increase in rCMR(glu) was present in distinct supratentorial cortical regions, namely the cuneus, the pre-cuneus and the gyrus supramarginalis in the patients of group 2. In group 3, this significant relative increase in rCMR(glu) was restricted to the cuneus. Thus, FDG-PET in patients suffering from cerebellar ataxia shows distinct patterns of altered glucose metabolism which exceed pure cerebellar impairment. Most importantly, FDG-PET yields insight into the influence of cerebellar disease on supratentorial glucose metabolism and documents impairment of supratentorial neuronal function with relative sparing of the parietal cortex.


Assuntos
Ataxia Cerebelar/patologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Lobo Parietal/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lobo Parietal/patologia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão
16.
Brain Lang ; 63(1): 108-21, 1998 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9642023

RESUMO

Word repetition causes a significant bilateral metabolic increase in both superior temporal cortices. Frontal speech areas are less activated despite their presumable speech competence. We investigated in this study the relationship between frontal and temporal cortical areas during word repetition. We measured regional cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRGI) in 15 normal subjects with positron emission tomography (PET) at rest and during word repetition. Significant correlations connected frontal and temporal areas of both hemispheres, notwithstanding their different levels of mean metabolic activation. The left planum temporale was a hub of significant interregional correlations, in contrast to its contralateral mate. This study indicates that an asymmetric network of significant connections orchestrates the speech-relevant cortical areas according to the actual needs of speech processing.


Assuntos
Lobo Frontal/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Fala/fisiologia , Lobo Temporal/metabolismo , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Lateralidade Funcional , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Neurológicos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão
17.
Eur Psychiatry ; 14(6): 356-7, 1999 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10572371

RESUMO

The atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine has been proposed for treatment of dopaminergic psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PD). We report on a 68-year-old patient who developed a severe akinetic-rigid extrapyramidal syndrome, accompanied by additional paranoid symptoms, following olanzapine treatment of optic hallucinosis in PD. Olanzapine may also induce clinically relevant extrapyramidal side effects in PD patients.


Assuntos
Antiparkinsonianos/efeitos adversos , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/induzido quimicamente , Alucinações/induzido quimicamente , Alucinações/tratamento farmacológico , Levodopa/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidinas/efeitos adversos , Pirenzepina/análogos & derivados , Selegilina/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/complicações , Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/diagnóstico , Benzodiazepinas , Clozapina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Olanzapina , Transtornos Paranoides/complicações , Transtornos Paranoides/diagnóstico , Transtornos Paranoides/tratamento farmacológico , Pirenzepina/efeitos adversos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
19.
Genome ; 38(1): 158-65, 1995 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18470161

RESUMO

Reciprocal substitutions for all chromosomes between the hard red winter wheat cultivars Wichita and Cheyenne were used to investigate the effects of individual chromosomes, as well as their interactions with the genetic background, on androgenesis. Duplicate lines for each chromosome were included to check background homogeneity. Six experiments, two for each genome, were performed. In each experiment, 14 substitution lines, their 14 duplicate lines, and the two parental genotypes ('Cheyenne' and 'Wichita') were studied. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications. 'Wichita' and 'Cheyenne' differed significantly in embryo yield and green plant regeneration (except green plant regeneration for the B-genome tests) and were equal for albino and total plant regeneration. Embryogenesis was influenced by some chromosomes of the A, B, and D genomes; green plant production was influenced by all chromosomes of the A and D genomes except 5D; albino and total plant regeneration were affected by some chromosomes of the B and D genomes. Reciprocal effects were obtained with chromosomes 1A, 7A, 1B, 5B, 1D, and 2D for embryogenesis, chromosomes 2D and 7D for green plant regeneration, and chromosome 2D for total plant regeneration. Reciprocal substitution lines revealed reciprocal effects of homologous chromosomes, as well as interactions between substituted chromosomes and their specific genetic background.

20.
Eur J Neurol ; 9(6): 671-7, 2002 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12453084

RESUMO

This paper compares the results of parallel positron emission tomography (PET) studies of regional cerebral glucose metabolism with the radiotracer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) density by PET using the BZR ligand 11C-flumazenil (FMZ), a tracer of neuronal integrity, in nine patients with acute vegetative state (AVS, duration <1 month). Overall glucose utilization was significantly reduced in AVS in comparison with age-matched controls (global metabolic rate for glucose 26 micromol/100 g/min in AVS vs. 31 micromol/100 g/min in controls). FMZ-PET demonstrated a considerable reduction of BZR binding sites in all cortical regions that grossly corresponded to the extent of reduction of cerebral glucose metabolism assessed with FDG-PET, whilst the cerebellum was spared from neuronal loss. In controls, cortical relative flumazenil binding was not lower than five times the average white matter activity, whilst in AVS, nearly all values were below this threshold. There was no relevant overlap of the data of relative flumazenil binding between both groups. The comparison of FDG- and FMZ-PET findings in AVS demonstrates that alterations of cerebral glucose consumption do not represent mere functional inactivation, but irreversible structural brain damage.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Estado Vegetativo Persistente/metabolismo , Receptores de GABA-A/metabolismo , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Sítios de Ligação , Radioisótopos de Carbono , Grupos Controle , Feminino , Flumazenil/farmacocinética , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Moduladores GABAérgicos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Vegetativo Persistente/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão
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