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1.
Anaesthesia ; 74(3): 396, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30734945
2.
Anaesthesia ; 69(3): 214-8, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24548353

RESUMO

Use of a bougie is not without risk, and insertion too far may cause airway injury. We designed a new bougie with a 'traffic light' system to indicate depth of insertion. Forty anaesthetists were randomly assigned to insert either a conventional single-coloured bougie or a novel traffic light bougie. Depth of insertion was measured before and after railroading a tracheal tube. Participants were not informed as to the purpose of the colouring system. The median (IQR [range]) insertion depth of the traffic light bougie was 22 (21-24 [19-27]) cm and for the conventional bougie was 28 (21-32 [20-35]) cm (p = 0.011). Median (IQR [range]) insertion depth after railroading for the traffic light bougie was 25 (25-28 [21-34]) cm and for the conventional bougie was 30.5 (27-35 [23-40]) cm (p = 0.003). This simple colouring system appears to allow intuitive use and significantly reduced the depth of bougie insertion. This system could be also used with other airway exchange devices to improve safety.


Assuntos
Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/efeitos adversos , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/instrumentação , Complicações Intraoperatórias/diagnóstico , Traqueia/lesões , Análise de Variância , Desenho de Equipamento , Reutilização de Equipamento , Humanos , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Lábio/anatomia & histologia , Boca/anatomia & histologia , Dente/anatomia & histologia
3.
Obes Rev ; 19 Suppl 1: 47-60, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30511512

RESUMO

Eating patterns involving intermittent energy restriction (IER) include 'intermittent fasting' where energy intake is severely restricted for several 'fasting' days per week, with 'refeeding' days (involving greater energy intake than during fasting days) at other times. Intermittent fasting does not improve weight loss compared to continuous energy restriction (CER), where energy intake is restricted every day. We hypothesize that weight loss from IER could be improved if refeeding phases involved restoration of energy balance (i.e. not ongoing energy restriction, as during intermittent fasting). There is some evidence in adults with overweight or obesity showing that maintenance of a lower weight may attenuate (completely or partially) some of the adaptive responses to energy restriction that oppose ongoing weight loss. Other studies show some adaptive responses persist unabated for years after weight loss. Only five randomized controlled trials in adults with overweight or obesity have compared CER with IER interventions that achieved energy balance (or absence of energy restriction) during refeeding phases. Two reported greater weight loss than CER, whereas three reported similar weight loss between interventions. While inconclusive, it is possible that achieving energy balance (i.e. avoiding energy restriction or energy excess) during refeeding phases may be important in realizing the potential of IER.


Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Restrição Calórica , Jejum/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Dieta Redutora , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Humanos
4.
Clin Transl Sci ; 10(4): 271-279, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28371445

RESUMO

The oral multikinase inhibitor sorafenib undergoes extensive UGT1A9-mediated formation of sorafenib-ß-D-glucuronide (SG). Using transporter-deficient mouse models, it was previously established that SG can be extruded into bile by ABCC2 or follow a liver-to-blood shuttling loop via ABCC3-mediated efflux into the systemic circulation, and subsequent uptake in neighboring hepatocytes by OATP1B-type transporters. Here we evaluated the possibility that this unusual process, called hepatocyte hopping, is also operational in humans and can be modulated through pharmacological inhibition. We found that SG transport by OATP1B1 or murine Oatp1b2 was effectively inhibited by rifampin, and that this agent can significantly increase plasma levels of SG in wildtype mice, but not in Oatp1b2-deficient animals. In human subjects receiving sorafenib, rifampin acutely increased the systemic exposure to SG. Our study emphasizes the need to consider hepatic handling of xenobiotic glucuronides in the design of drug-drug interaction studies of agents that undergo extensive phase II conjugation.


Assuntos
Glucuronídeos/farmacologia , Glucuronídeos/farmacocinética , Transportador 1 de Ânion Orgânico Específico do Fígado/metabolismo , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacocinética , Idoso , Animais , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Cães , Feminino , Glucuronídeos/administração & dosagem , Células HEK293 , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Masculino , Camundongos Knockout , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína 2 Associada à Farmacorresistência Múltipla , Niacinamida/administração & dosagem , Niacinamida/farmacocinética , Niacinamida/farmacologia , Transportadores de Ânions Orgânicos Sódio-Independentes/metabolismo , Compostos de Fenilureia/administração & dosagem , Rifampina/farmacologia , Sorafenibe
5.
Clin Transl Sci ; 10(5): 412-420, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28689374

RESUMO

Cisplatin is among the most widely used anticancer drugs and known to cause a dose-limiting nephrotoxicity, which is partially dependent on the renal uptake carrier OCT2. We here report a previously unrecognized, OCT2-independent pathway of cisplatin-induced renal injury that is mediated by the organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3. Using transporter-deficient mouse models, we found that this mechanism regulates renal uptake of a mercapturic acid metabolite of cisplatin that acts as a precursor of a potent nephrotoxin. The function of these two transport systems can be simultaneously inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib through noncompetitive mechanisms, without compromising the anticancer properties of cisplatin. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel pathway that explains the fundamental basis of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, with potential implications for its therapeutic management.


Assuntos
Cisplatino/toxicidade , Proteína 1 Transportadora de Ânions Orgânicos/metabolismo , Transportadores de Ânions Orgânicos Sódio-Independentes/metabolismo , Animais , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Metaboloma/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteína 1 Transportadora de Ânions Orgânicos/deficiência , Transportadores de Ânions Orgânicos Sódio-Independentes/deficiência , Fenótipo , Pirimidinas/farmacologia
6.
Obes Sci Pract ; 2(2): 162-173, 2016 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27840689

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Finding effective solutions to curb the obesity epidemic is a great global public health challenge. The need for long-term follow-up necessitates weight loss trials conducted in real-world settings, outside the confines of tightly controlled laboratory or clinic conditions. Given the complexity of eating behaviour and the food supply, this makes the process of designing a practical dietary intervention that stands up to scientific rigor difficult. Detailed information about the dietary intervention itself, as well as the process of developing the final intervention and its underlying rationale, is rarely reported in scientific weight management publications but is valuable and essential for translating research into practice. Thus, this paper describes the design process and underlying rationale behind the dietary interventions in an exemplar weight loss trial - the TEMPO Diet Trial (Type of Energy Manipulation for Promoting optimal metabolic health and body composition in Obesity). This trial assesses the long-term effects of fast versus slow weight loss on adiposity, fat free mass, muscle strength and bone density in women with obesity (body mass index 30-40 kg m-2) that are 45-65 years of age, postmenopausal and sedentary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This paper is intended as a resource for researchers and/or clinicians to illustrate how theoretical values based on a hypothesis can be translated into a dietary weight loss intervention to be used in free-living women of varying sizes.

7.
Clin Transl Sci ; 9(1): 51-9, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26842729

RESUMO

Resistance to cytarabine remains a major challenge in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Based on previous studies implicating ABCC4/MRP4 in the transport of nucleosides, we hypothesized that cytarabine is sensitive to ABCC4-mediated efflux, thereby decreasing its cytotoxic response against AML blasts. The uptake of cytarabine and its monophosphate metabolite was found to be facilitated in ABCC4-expressing vesicles and intracellular retention was significantly impaired by overexpression of human ABCC4 or mouse Abcc4 (P < 0.05). ABCC4 was expressed highly in AML primary blasts and cell lines, and cytotoxicity of cytarabine in cells was increased in the presence of the ABCC4 inhibitors MK571 or sorafenib, as well as after ABCC4 siRNA. In Abcc4-null mice, cytarabine-induced hematological toxicity was enhanced and ex vivo colony-forming assays showed that Abcc4-deficiency sensitized myeloid progenitors to cytarabine. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that ABCC4 plays a protective role against cytarabine-mediated insults in leukemic and host myeloid cells.


Assuntos
Citarabina/farmacologia , Proteínas Associadas à Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/metabolismo , Células Progenitoras Mieloides/patologia , Animais , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Pré-Escolar , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Inativação Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Progenitoras Mieloides/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Progenitoras Mieloides/metabolismo
8.
Obes Rev ; 17(8): 647-63, 2016 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27126087

RESUMO

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify how diet-induced weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity impacts on muscle strength. Twenty-seven publications, including 33 interventions, most of which were 8-24 weeks in duration, were included. Meta-analysis of seven interventions measuring knee extensor strength by isokinetic dynamometry in 108 participants found a significant decrease following diet-induced weight loss (-9.0 [95% confidence interval: -13.8, -4.1] N/m, P < 0.001), representing a 7.5% decrease from baseline values. Meta-analysis of handgrip strength from 10 interventions in 231 participants showed a non-significant decrease (-1.7 [-3.6, 0.1] kg, P = 0.070), with significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 83.9%, P < 0.001). This heterogeneity may have been due to diet type, because there was a significant decrease in handgrip strength in seven interventions in 169 participants involving moderate energy restriction (-2.4 [-4.8, -0.0] kg, P = 0.046), representing a 4.6% decrease from baseline values, but not in three interventions in 62 participants involving very-low-energy diet (-0.4 [-2.0, 1.2] kg, P = 0.610). Because of variability in methodology and muscles tested, no other data could be meta-analyzed, and qualitative assessment of the remaining interventions revealed mixed results. Despite varying methodologies, diets and small sample sizes, these findings suggest a potential adverse effect of diet-induced weight loss on muscle strength. While these findings should not act as a deterrent against weight loss, due to the known health benefits of losing excess weight, they call for strategies to combat strength loss - such as weight training and other exercises - during diet-induced weight loss. © 2016 World Obesity.


Assuntos
Dieta Redutora , Força da Mão , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Redução de Peso , Adiposidade , Restrição Calórica , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Clin Pharmacol Ther ; 99(6): 651-60, 2016 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26663398

RESUMO

Using broad interrogation of clinically relevant drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) genes on the DMET platform, we identified a genetic variant in SLCO1B1 (rs2291075; c.597C>T), encoding the transporter OATP1B1, associated with event-free (P = 0.006, hazard ratio = 1.74) and overall survival (P = 0.012, hazard ratio = 1.85) in children with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Lack of SLCO1B1 expression in leukemic blasts suggested the association might be due to an inherited rather than a somatic effect. rs2291075 was in strong linkage with known functional variants rs2306283 (c.388A>G) and rs4149056 (c.521T>C). Functional studies in vitro determined that four AML-directed chemotherapeutics (cytarabine, daunorubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone) are substrates for OATP1B1 and the mouse ortholog Oatp1b2. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies using Oatp1b2-deficient mice further confirmed our results. Collectively, these findings demonstrate an important role for OATP1B1 in the systemic pharmacokinetics of multiple drugs used in the treatment of AML and suggest that inherited variability in host transporter function influences the effectiveness of therapy.


Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Transportador 1 de Ânion Orgânico Específico do Fígado/genética , Animais , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/metabolismo , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Citarabina/farmacocinética , DNA/genética , DNA/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Ligação Genética , Variação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Cell Death Differ ; 5(5): 450-7, 1998 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10200495

RESUMO

The expression of genes that regulate Fas-induced apoptosis has been examined in 10 human cultured colon carcinoma cell lines with defined and varied sensitivity to the cytolytic anti-Fas MoAb CH-11. Four lines demonstrated sensitivity to CH-11 (HT29, GC3/c1, TS-, Thy4), and six were resistant to the induction of apoptosis vis Fas. In nine lines expressing Fas, PCR-sequencing indicated that the death domain contained wt sequences. Downstream of Fas, expression of FADD/MORT1 and FLICE, essential components of the DISC, and negative regulators of Fas signalling including sFas, FAP-1 and Bcl-2, showed no correlation between levels of expression and sensitivity to Fas-mediated cytotoxicity. However, levels of the Fas antigen varied by >1000-fold, and correlated with CH-11 sensitivity. Following fourfold elevation in Fas expression in HT29 cells treated with interferon-gamma, a synergistic effect on Fas-mediated apoptosis was obtained when CH-11 and interferon-gamma were combined.


Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Apoptose/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Receptor fas/genética , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Caspase 8 , Caspase 9 , Caspases/genética , Divisão Celular/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Neoplasias do Colo/imunologia , Proteína de Domínio de Morte Associada a Fas , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 13 , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Receptor fas/imunologia
11.
Clin Cancer Res ; 3(12 Pt 1): 2205-9, 1997 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9815616

RESUMO

Fas is expressed in colonic epithelial cells and is also expressed in colon carcinomas, although its functional significance in the regulation of apoptosis in cells outside of the immune system remains unknown. In this study, we determined the role of Fas signaling on cellular growth of cultured colon carcinoma cells and demonstrated apoptosis induced by a cytotoxic anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (CH-11) in cells of the GC3/c1 lineage (GC3/c1, TS-, Thy4) but not in HCT116 or CaCo2 cells. Growth inhibition was detected at concentrations of CH-11 as low as 1 ng/ml, and clonogenic survival studies yielded IC50 values of 3-26 ng/ml. Cytotoxicity was inhibited by ZB4, a monoclonal antibody inhibitory to Fas signaling. In addition, the survival factor Bcl-2, which has demonstrated inconsistent protective effects against Fas signaling in other systems, was inhibitory to Fas-induced apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells after adenoviral transduction. Fas was expressed at the highest levels in TS- and Thy4 cells, which were the most sensitive cell lines to Fas-induced apoptosis. FAP-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that interacts with the cytosolic negative regulatory domain of Fas, was expressed in each cell line but did not correlate with sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis. These data have therefore identified a functional Fas pathway in colon carcinoma cells when Fas is expressed at high levels. Hence, the role of Fas signaling in the regulation of apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells and its role in influencing the response to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents should be further explored.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor fas/fisiologia , Adenocarcinoma , Anticorpos Monoclonais/toxicidade , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Sobrevivência Celular , Neoplasias do Colo , Humanos , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 13 , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/fisiologia , Timidilato Sintase/deficiência , Timidilato Sintase/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Receptor fas/genética , Receptor fas/imunologia
12.
Clin Cancer Res ; 4(1): 145-52, 1998 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9516963

RESUMO

Drug-induced cytotoxicity or apoptosis may be influenced by the expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and by the specific oncogene expressed, which may dictate the threshold at which a cytotoxic response may by induced. The objective of the study was to elucidate how DNA-damaging agents with different mechanisms of action were sensitized in the context of expression of the Pax3/FKHR fusion protein, a transformation event unique to alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMSs), and wild-type p53 (wtp53). A wtp53 cDNA was subcloned into the pGRE5-2/EBV vector with dexamethasone-inducible overexpression and transfected into Rh30 ARMS cells that express Pax3/FKHR and a mutant p53 phenotype. Following dexamethasone induction of wtp53 overexpression in a derived clone (Cl.#27), growth was slowed, and cells accumulated in G1. Functional wtp53 activity was demonstrated by selective transactivation of p50-2, a wtp53 chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct, and by up-regulated expression of endogenous p21Waf1. Data demonstrated p53-dependent sensitization (> or = 4-fold) to bleomycin, actinomycin D, and 5-fluorouracil and considerably less p53-dependence (< or = 2-fold) for doxorubicin, topotecan, etoposide, and cisplatin in Cl.#27 compared to an equivalent clone containing the pGRE5-EBV vector alone (VC#3). Data demonstrate that ARMS cells show a selective sensitization to DNA-damaging agents when wtp53 is overexpressed. The cytotoxic activity of agents that are not potentiated substantially must, therefore, depend upon p53-independent factors that relate to the mechanism of drug action.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Dano ao DNA , DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Rabdomiossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Transcrição , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/fisiologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/análise , Humanos , Fator de Transcrição PAX3 , Fatores de Transcrição Box Pareados , Rabdomiossarcoma/metabolismo , Rabdomiossarcoma/patologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/análise
13.
Obes Rev ; 16(1): 64-76, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25402637

RESUMO

Very-low-energy diets (VLEDs) and ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets (KLCDs) are two dietary strategies that have been associated with a suppression of appetite. However, the results of clinical trials investigating the effect of ketogenic diets on appetite are inconsistent. To evaluate quantitatively the effect of ketogenic diets on subjective appetite ratings, we conducted a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of studies that assessed appetite with visual analogue scales before (in energy balance) and during (while in ketosis) adherence to VLED or KLCD. Individuals were less hungry and exhibited greater fullness/satiety while adhering to VLED, and individuals adhering to KLCD were less hungry and had a reduced desire to eat. Although these absolute changes in appetite were small, they occurred within the context of energy restriction, which is known to increase appetite in obese people. Thus, the clinical benefit of a ketogenic diet is in preventing an increase in appetite, despite weight loss, although individuals may indeed feel slightly less hungry (or more full or satisfied). Ketosis appears to provide a plausible explanation for this suppression of appetite. Future studies should investigate the minimum level of ketosis required to achieve appetite suppression during ketogenic weight loss diets, as this could enable inclusion of a greater variety of healthy carbohydrate-containing foods into the diet.


Assuntos
Regulação do Apetite , Dieta Cetogênica , Dieta Redutora , Fome , Cetose/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Redução de Peso , Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos , Ingestão de Energia , Humanos , Cetose/metabolismo , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
14.
Obes Rev ; 16(8): 652-65, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26094791

RESUMO

Severe dietary energy restriction is often used for overweight or obese individuals to achieve rapid weight loss and related health improvements. However, the extent of putative adverse effects on eating behaviour is unknown. We thus systematically searched seven databases for studies that assessed binge eating before and after severe dietary energy restriction (low or very low energy diets) in overweight or obese individuals. Fifteen clinically supervised interventions from 10 publications (nine of which involved only women) were included. Among individuals with clinically relevant pre-treatment binge eating disorder, severe dietary energy restriction significantly decreased binge eating in all four interventions involving this population, at least during the weight loss programme. In contrast, no consistent association between severe dietary energy restriction and the onset of bingeing was found in 11 interventions involving individuals without pre-treatment binge eating disorder, with four such interventions showing significant increases, two showing no change, and five showing significant decreases in binge eating. We conclude that clinically supervised severe dietary energy restriction appears safe and beneficial for overweight or obese individuals with pre-treatment binge eating disorder, and does not necessarily trigger binge eating in those without binge eating disorder.


Assuntos
Bulimia/etiologia , Restrição Calórica/efeitos adversos , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Redução de Peso , Restrição Calórica/psicologia , Dieta Redutora/efeitos adversos , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Humanos , Obesidade/psicologia , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
Am J Med Genet ; 22(2): 243-53, 1985 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3901754

RESUMO

Complete ascertainment of lethal neonatal short-limb chondrodysplasias was attempted in the West of Scotland for the period 1970-1983. Forty-three cases were identified, representing a minimum incidence of 1 in 8,900. The differential diagnosis included 11 well-delineated skeletal dysplasias, one case of warfarin embryopathy, and one apparently new condition with presumed autosomal recessive inheritance that has radiographic similarities to those of thanatophoric dysplasia (TD). In this series TD had an incidence of 1 in 42,221, which is consistent with new dominant mutation at a rate of 11.8 +/- 4.1 X 10(-6) mutations per gene per generation. Ultrasonic measurement of fetal long bone length was performed in eight subsequent pregnancies at risk. Five unaffected fetuses were predicted correctly and three affected fetuses were detected during the second trimester (one with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata-second trimester prenatal diagnosis not previously reported; one with achondrogenesis type II; and one with the new lethal condition).


Assuntos
Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Displasia Tanatofórica/genética , Condrodisplasia Punctata/diagnóstico , Condrodisplasia Punctata/epidemiologia , Condrodisplasia Punctata/genética , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Genes Recessivos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Osteogênese Imperfeita/diagnóstico , Osteogênese Imperfeita/epidemiologia , Osteogênese Imperfeita/genética , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Escócia , Displasia Tanatofórica/diagnóstico , Displasia Tanatofórica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Ultrassonografia
16.
J Clin Pathol ; 35(8): 849-54, 1982 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6286733

RESUMO

Seven cases of recurring digital fibroma were seen over a 35-year period. All demonstrated the classical clinical, macroscopic, and microscopic features of this distinct tumour, including the pathognomonic round, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Ultrastructurally, all seven cases were confirmed to be myofibroblastic in nature, and the morphology and intracellular topography of the inclusion bodies suggested their derivation from contractile protein. These findings establish recurring digital fibroma as a neoplastic lesion of the myofibroblast.


Assuntos
Fibroma/patologia , Dedos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Fibroma/ultraestrutura , Doenças do Pé , Humanos , Corpos de Inclusão/ultraestrutura , Lactente , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/ultraestrutura , Dedos do Pé
17.
J Clin Pathol ; 37(7): 738-42, 1984 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6086723

RESUMO

An antibody to pure human renin and an immunoperoxidase technique were used to stain immunoreactive renin in nephroblastomas. In an unselected series of surgically removed nephroblastomas immunoreactive renin was found in 10 of 19 tumours (53%). Tissue obtained at necropsy from 12 cases of disseminated nephroblastoma was also studied, and immunoreactive renin in metastatic tumours was found in three cases. Patients' blood pressures and serum potassium concentrations showed no evidence of excess renin activity. It is therefore suggested that if nephroblastomas contain renin as commonly as this study suggests, then any hormone secreted may be biologically inactive.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Renais/enzimologia , Renina/análise , Tumor de Wilms/enzimologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Criança , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Sistema Justaglomerular/enzimologia , Neoplasias Renais/sangue , Neoplasias Renais/fisiopatologia , Potássio/sangue , Tumor de Wilms/sangue , Tumor de Wilms/fisiopatologia
18.
Obstet Gynecol ; 56(6): 705-10, 1980 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6160439

RESUMO

In a series of 366 patients identified as at risk for a fetal neural tube defect (NTD) before the 24th week of pregnancy, 64 had an abnormal fetus. The abnormalities included anencephaly (39), open spinal defect (17), closed spinal defect (2), encephalocele (1), and a miscellany of other abnormalities (5). An ultrasound examinaton prior to diagnostic anmiocentesis positively identified all anencephalic fetuses, the fetus with the encephalocele, and 15 of the 19 fetuses with spina bifida. The spinal defects in 3 of the remaining 4 fetuses were demonstrated at a second examination. Since both amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assays and ultrasound examination have been shown to give false results in the diagnosis of NTDs, the importance of using 2 independent diagnostic techniques is stressed. In patients with elevated levels of maternal serum AFP, a careful ultrasound examination, in addition to identifying the majority of cases associated with an abnormal fetus, provided a good explanation for the elevation in over half of the remainder. In this series more than half the patients (40/69) who underwent amniocentesis because of raised maternal serum AFP levels were shown to have an abnormal fetus.


Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/diagnóstico , Ultrassonografia , Líquido Amniótico/análise , Anencefalia/diagnóstico , Encefalocele/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Meningomielocele/diagnóstico , Gravidez , Espinha Bífida Oculta/diagnóstico , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análise
19.
J Infect ; 25 Suppl 1: 105-9, 1992 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1522332

RESUMO

The strain of Chlamydia psittaci causing enzootic abortion in ewes (the EAE strain) may cause serious infection in pregnant women, often resulting in hepatic and renal dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation and fetal loss. The first case of such an infection in an abattoir worker is described and the possibility of human-to-human transmission considered. Direct handling of sheep or their products of conception can usually be established but this is not always so. There is much still to be learned about this uncommon but severe zoonosis.


Assuntos
Matadouros , Infecções por Chlamydia/veterinária , Chlamydophila psittaci , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissão , Aborto Séptico/etiologia , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Chlamydia/transmissão , Chlamydophila psittaci/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Doenças Profissionais/microbiologia , Doenças Placentárias/diagnóstico , Doenças Placentárias/imunologia , Doenças Placentárias/microbiologia , Gravidez , Ovinos
20.
J Bone Joint Surg Br ; 62(3): 368-71, 1980 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7410470

RESUMO

Seven out of 22 children with monarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (MJRA) developed involvement of other joints between six months and three and a half years from the onset. In the other 15 patients the disease has remained monarticular for between one and 16 years (mean six years). Chronic iridocyclitis was seen in three of the five boys, two with antinuclear antibodies. Children with MJRA and antinuclear antibodies should have periodic ophthalmic assessment. Synovial biopsy was of value primarily in excluding other cases of arthritis, but there was only limited correlation between the histological findings and the subsequent course of the disease.


Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil/diagnóstico , Artrite Juvenil/diagnóstico por imagem , Artrite Juvenil/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Articulações/patologia , Masculino , Radiografia , Membrana Sinovial/patologia
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