Validity and Reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders.

Background: Olfactory disorders (OD) are an umbrella term for a diverse group of smell problems. Numerous tests and questionnaires have been formulated to identify and test the severity of smell impairment, which is not readily available or translated for the Malaysian population. This study aimed to translate the Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (QOD) and validate and test the reliability of the Malay Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders (mQOD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary centres. A forward and backward translation was conducted for the QOD. The translated questionnaire was distributed to subjects with self-reported smell disorders on days 1 and 7. Internal consistency was analysed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability was tested with an intraclass correlation coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test construct validity. Results: A total of 375 participants were recruited, 52 dropped out and 323 completed the questionnaire a second time. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.537 for parosmia (P), 0.892 for life quality (LQ), 0.637 for sincerity (S) and 0.865 for visual analogue score (VAS). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for domain scores was > 0.9, while the ICC for all items was good to excellent. A three-factor model for mQOD showed an acceptable fit with indices chi-square value (CMIN)/degree of freedom (DF) = 3.332, Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI) = 0.923, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.939, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.079 and standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.0574. Conclusion: The mQOD is a valid and reliable tool for assessing OD in patients.

Endoscopic Excision of Frontal Recess Osteoma in a Patient With Nasal Polyposis.

Paranasal sinus (PNS) osteomas are benign growths that are usually asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally upon imaging. Nasal polyps, on the other hand, are relatively commoner than osteomas. With the adoption of endoscopic technology in the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) field, surgeons are shifting toward less invasive surgical methods in managing such cases. We present a case of a 23-year-old male who had chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. A computed tomography (CT) done as part of his preoperative planning revealed findings suggestive of nasal polyps with left frontal recess osteoma. Both pathologies were removed successfully via an endoscopic endonasal approach.