[Rationalization of the macroscopic and histological study of rapid biopsies]. / Ratsionalizatsiia makroskopicheskogo i gistologicheskogo issledovaniia ékspress-biopsii.

The method of biopsy examination which was verified in almost 10000 cases is described. The material was macroscopically examined under the binocular stereo-microscope MBS-2. The sections were prepared from the non-fixed material on the freezing microtome by means of a deep-freeze knife or in the cryostate. Before that the pieces taken from various parts of surgical material were put into one block by means of tissue protein or 5% egg albumin. Histologic sections were then prepared from this block and were dried with an electric towel or fan. Harris' or Ballard' haematoxylins were proven to be the best for rapid and elective staining. The time of the preparation of histologic slides was shortened to 8-12 minutes.

[Pathomorphology of the thyroid gland (based on emergency biopsy)]. / Patomorfologiia shchitovidnoi zhelezy (po dannym srochnoi biopsii.

The term "struma" denotes any increase of the thyroid volume and weight regardless of its nature. In no other organ there are so frequent polymorphic structures stimulating neoplastic growth. This does not allow for a wide use the diagnosis of early thyroid carcinoma. Differentiation of the thyroid lesions is to a great extent possible due to stereomorphologic and rapid histotopographic study of surgical material with its subsequent embedding into paraffin. Nodular and adenomatoid struma was found in 60%, follicular adenomas in 11% cases among 20,000 operated patients with euthyroidism in a non-general endocrinological department. Thyroid carcinoma represented 5% and autoimmune thyroiditis in 4% while before the operation they were diagnosed in 1% cases only. Microcarcinoma among routine biopsies was revealed every year 10-15 times more rarely than among urgent histotopographic biopsies. Thus it is advisable to use more widely intraoperative biopsies in euthyroid diseases with subsequent comparison to postoperative histological findings.

[Method of preparation and staining of microscopic sections in emergency biopsy]. / K metodike prigotovleniia okraski srezov pri srochnoi biopsii.

To obtain a distinct and sufficiently standard staining of sections in urgent biopsy Harris hematoxylin should be used the preparation of which is based on oxidation of aluminous hematoxylin by mercuric oxide. This solution stains nuclei of the preparations quite rapidly (within 1/2-1 min) and very electively. The use of a fan for drying of sections on slides and other devices described by the author shorten the time of express biopsy preparation to 5-7 minutes.

[Value of rapid biopsy in diagnosis of thyroid cancer]. / Znachenie ékspress-biopsii v diagnostike raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Patients with thyroid carcinoma (ThC) in 67% are erroneously operated on with the diagnosis of nodular struma, this resulting in the recurrences in 30% and mortality and complications reaching 42%. Since 1977 the authors were performing rapid biopsies in all cases of the euthyroid struma and this resulted in the proper diagnosis in 98% of operated patients (48.6% before this). Short-term examination consists of stereo-morphology of the surgical material and the preparation by means of the deep frozen knife, of the histo-topographical section stained by Harris hematoxylin. Microcarcinomas are revealed by this method 30 times more frequently than in routinely treated sections. Short-term biopsy of the thyroid is as necessary as it is in the mammary gland lesions.

[Brief clinico-anatomical sessions as a method of familiarization of the clinicians with autopsy materials]. / Kratkie kliniko-anatomicheskie razbory kak metod priblizheniia klinitsistov k materialam sektsionnoi raboty.

To bring closer the results of autopsy work to clinical and polyclinical wards of united hospitals, the authors recommend that brief weekly clinico-anatomical analyses of the autopsy material for the week be held. They may be timed with weekly general hospital conferences, and be allotted 20--30 min. On the average, 3--4 cases should be analysed with demonstration of macropreparations, organocomplexes, a brief description of pathological changes and 2--4 min of clinical information.

[Preparation of histotopographic goiter sections and endometrium scrapes for relevant instant diagnosis]. / Prigotovlenie gistotopograficheskikh srezov dliia ékspress- diagnostiki patologii shchitovidnoi zhelezy éndometriia.

Histotopographic examinations of goiters and scrapes taken as a whole are valuable to the emergency pathomorphological diagnosis of thyroid and endometrial diseases essential particularly for the differentiation of adenomas and well differentiated carcinomas. The examination can be carried out only by treating fresh, non-fixed materials with a deeply cooling knife of the routine cold microtome (Model X). Harris' or Ballard's hematoxylins are best used as elective dyes. The whole instant diagnosis fully described in the paper lasts 8 to 12 minutes.

[Small thyroid cancer]. / Malyi rak shchitocidnoi zhelezy.

Thyroid carcinoma was detected in 1132 of 32500 patients undergoing surgery because of goiter. Small thyroid carcinoma (STC) was found in 245 patients (21.6%) and is divided into the following subgroups: 1) local (focal) microcarcinoma-a focus of a pronounced proliferation, dysplasia and fibrosis up to 1 mm in diameter; 2) invasive dwarf carcinoma of 5 to 15 mm in diameter which is not detected by clinical and instrumental methods; 3) intermediate STC, 1 to 5 mm in diameter. STC had a papillary-follicular structure in 88%, the rest were of a oncocytic and parafollicular structure.

[Controversial aspects of verification and classification of thyroid tumors]. / Nekotorye spornye voprosy verifikatsii i klassifikatsii opykhlei shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

20-year experience in the intraoperative study of more than 3000 goiters led the authors to the conclusion that the most correct verification of the pathologic process may be performed only by means of intraoperative stereomorphological and histotopographic examination of the biopsy. In case of nodular hyperplasia of follicular and macropapillary structures the most adequate term is adenomatous goiter. The term borderline thyroid tumor is also suggested although it needs further discussion by both clinicians and morphologists.