[The synopsis of clinical cytometry: acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.]

The acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rather rare form of pathology even in practice of specialized oncological hematological departments. The data of cytometry analysis of 2363 patients monitored from 2007 to 2014 carried out in The Dmitrii Rogachev Federal research clinical center of children hematology, oncology and immunology and The academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg state medical university was used to diagnose acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. The corresponding diagnosis was established in 24 patients of various age categories, including 16 children (11 boys and 5 girls) and 8 adults (ratio male/female 1:1). The trisomy on chromosome 21 was revealed only in 4 children out of 13 of early age (younger than 3 years). The article describes characteristics of samples taking preparation and interpretation of data of multicolor with regard to experience of national and foreign colleges.

[Results of dynamic assessment of melatonin receptor expression in lymphocytes in patients with acute mild and severe pancreatitis].

The authors present results of the investigation of melatonin receptors expression in lymphocytes in dynamics in 102 patients with acute pancreatitis of mild and severe form and in 50 volunteers. A correlated analysis was made between obtained results of laboratory and instrumental researches and clinical course of acute pancreatitis. The decrease of MT1 receptors expression was noted on 25% in patients with acute pancreatitis. The decline of MT2 receptors expression was observed on 40% of patients with acute severe pancreatitis and in a case of acute mild pancreatitis--on 15.5%, respectively. Values of MT1 and MT2 expression were equal between healthy volunteers. The decline of MT2 expression was a prognostic unfavourable sign. Obtained results of dynamic expression assessment of MT-receptors were presented as MT2/MT1 indices. Given index didn't change during disease, because of this, the index could be used as a prognostic development marker of destructive form of acute pancreatitis at the moment of patient's admission to hospital. Mean values of MT2/MT1 were determined for the purpose of universalization of used method (1.13 +/- 0.09 for mild form and 0.81 +/- 0.09 for severe form of acute pancreatitis, respectively).

[Determination of melatonin receptors in human blood mononuclear cells: clinical and experimental rationale].

Melatonin is a mammalian hormone that has a great variety of effects. At present there is evidence that this hormone considerably reduces the manifestations of many gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. The biological effects of melatonin are realized through the receptors located on the membranes of different animal cells. Three types of melatonin receptors are now known; of them two (MT1 and MT2) receptors were detected in mammals. Varying clinical forms of gastrointestinal diseases may be pathogenetically caused by the quality and amount of MT1 and MT2 receptors, their ratio, and endogenous melatonin activation. The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for measuring the human blood cell levels of MT1 and MT2 receptors. For this, specific antibodies to MT1 and MT2 receptors were experimentally obtained; then indirect immunofluorescence was used to determine the content and ratio of blood mononuclear cells having these receptors onto the surface in 23 volunteers. The findings are an initial stage of this study and provide considerable opportunity to study a role of melatonin and its receptors in the pathogenesis of many diseases of the human digestive system.