[The role of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and E-selectin) in development of diabetic microangiopathies]. / Rol' molekul adgezii (ICAM-1 i E-selektin) v razvitii diabeticheskikh mikroangiopatii.

AIM: To examine the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) on the surface of leukocytes and a soluble E-selectin (CD62) level in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) at various stages of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 42 patients with newly diagnosed and long-standing DM1 with presence or absence of microangiopathy (diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy) were examined. Routine laboratory, ophthalmologic tests, a special immunological test with ICAM-1 expression and soluble E-selectin (sES) examination were performed. RESULTS: The tests show increased ICAM-1 expression and sES level in all the patients vs controls. In newly diagnosed DM1 a high sES level was observed. In long-standing DM1 and absence of microangiopathy a sES level was also high. In patients with neovascularisation and proteinuria the sES level was two times higher than that in other subgroups. We also found an increased percentage of ICAM-1, CD54-positive lymphocytes and granulocytes in patients with microalbuminuria and especially with proteinuria and neovascularization. There were no correlations of ICAM-1 and sES levels with sex, DM duration, cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSION: The findings show endothelium and leukocytes activation at early disease stages. Enhanced endothelium and leukocytes activation is associated with late complications.

[The clinical x-ray characteristics of the soft tissues of the lower extremities in diabetics]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskaia kharakteristika miagkikh tkanei nizhnikh konechnostei u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The authors present the results of clinicoroentgenological and immunological investigations of the state of lower limb soft tissues in 117 patients with diabetes mellitus. Vascular wall calcification and soft tissue edema were noted practically in all the patients with a period of disease over 1 year. X-ray investigation permitted the detection of vascular lesion at early stages of complication development, in most of the patients even at the preclinical stage. A degree of lower limb vascular lesion is not related to a type of diabetes mellitus and the patients' age. There is direct correlation between the affection of the walls of medium size vessels and vessels of the fundus of the eye. The frequency and severity of lower limb vascular lesion, polyneuropathy and nephropathy grow significantly with an increase in a period of disease. A parallel decrease of immunoglobulins is noted. The affection of osseous tissue does not depend on a period of disease and shows insignificant correlation with a degree of vascular lesion.

[Use of human insulin preparations in the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Primenenie preparatov chelovecheskogo insulina pri lechenii bol'nykh insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

The authors presented the results of a study of human insulin drugs Monotard HM and Actrapid HM (Novo, Denmark) for type I diabetes mellitus. They stressed their efficacy in therapy of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a course of disease became less labile, the time of achieving compensation was reduced; the drugs proved to be effective in the treatment of post-injection insulinlipodystrophies, in body mass deficiency; a tendency to a decrease in daily insulin requirement, serum insulin binding capacity, and in increase in the content of free insulin were noted.