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1.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep ; 71(28): 904-907, 2022 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35834423

RESUMO

As part of public health preparedness for infectious disease threats, CDC collaborates with other U.S. public health officials to ensure that the Laboratory Response Network (LRN) has diagnostic tools to detect Orthopoxviruses, the genus that includes Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. LRN is a network of state and local public health, federal, U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), veterinary, food, and environmental testing laboratories. CDC developed, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted 510(k) clearance* for the Non-variola Orthopoxvirus Real-time PCR Primer and Probe Set (non-variola Orthopoxvirus [NVO] assay), a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic test to detect NVO. On May 17, 2022, CDC was contacted by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH) regarding a suspected case of monkeypox, a disease caused by the Orthopoxvirus Monkeypox virus. Specimens were collected and tested by the Massachusetts DPH public health laboratory with LRN testing capability using the NVO assay. Nationwide, 68 LRN laboratories had capacity to test approximately 8,000 NVO tests per week during June. During May 17-June 30, LRN laboratories tested 2,009 specimens from suspected monkeypox cases. Among those, 730 (36.3%) specimens from 395 patients were positive for NVO. NVO-positive specimens from 159 persons were confirmed by CDC to be monkeypox; final characterization is pending for 236. Prompt identification of persons with infection allowed rapid response to the outbreak, including isolation and treatment of patients, administration of vaccines, and other public health action. To further facilitate access to testing and increase convenience for providers and patients by using existing provider-laboratory relationships, CDC and LRN are supporting five large commercial laboratories with a national footprint (Aegis Science, LabCorp, Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Quest Diagnostics, and Sonic Healthcare) to establish NVO testing capacity of 10,000 specimens per week per laboratory. On July 6, 2022, the first commercial laboratory began accepting specimens for NVO testing based on clinician orders.


Assuntos
Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Surtos de Doenças , Mpox , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Laboratórios , Mpox/diagnóstico , Mpox/epidemiologia , Orthopoxvirus , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vírus da Varíola
2.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep ; 65(41): 1146-1147, 2016 Oct 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27764076

RESUMO

During December 2015-January 2016, the American Samoa Department of Health (ASDoH) detected through surveillance an increase in the number of cases of acute febrile rash illness. Concurrently, a case of laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection, a mosquito-borne flavivirus infection documented to cause microcephaly and other severe brain defects in some infants born to women infected during pregnancy (1,2) was reported in a traveler returning to New Zealand from American Samoa. In the absence of local laboratory capacity to test for Zika virus, ASDoH initiated arboviral disease control measures, including public education and vector source reduction campaigns. On February 1, CDC staff members were deployed to American Samoa to assist ASDoH with testing and surveillance efforts.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Vigilância da População , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Samoa Americana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico
3.
J Clin Virol ; 54(1): 73-5, 2012 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22296793

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hawaii and the United States-affiliated Pacific islands (USAPI) host over 8 million travelers annually, most of whom originate in Asia, Australia, and the Americas where prevalence of oseltamivir resistance in 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) has been reported to be 2.5-3.5%. OBJECTIVE: To survey a collection of samples from Hawaii and the USAPI that had tested positive for the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus by RTI-PCR to assess whether antiviral resistance emerged in these island communities during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN: We examined RNA extracted from Hawaiian and USAPI cases for the neuraminidase H275Y mutation associated with oseltamivir resistance by pyrosequencing. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-three (263) 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) positive specimens were tested and 263/263 (100%) were shown to lack the mutation most commonly associated with oseltamivir resistance. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of oseltamivir resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 virus during the 2009 pandemic in the Pacific islands despite considerable travel exposure. Geographic isolation, the lack of a "second wave" of pandemic influenza, judicious antiviral use, aggressive vaccination, and below average tourism due to the global economic crisis may have been contributing factors. Continued surveillance and vigilance is necessary to monitor unpredictable influenza activity.


Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Viral , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Oseltamivir/farmacologia , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Havaí/epidemiologia , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Proteínas Mutantes/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Neuraminidase/genética , Ilhas do Pacífico/epidemiologia , Prevalência , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Proteínas Virais/genética
4.
J Wildl Dis ; 46(2): 659-64, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20688669

RESUMO

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are emerging zoonotic arboviruses that have recently undergone intercontinental expansion. Both JEV and WNV are naturally transmitted between mosquito vectors and vertebrate reservoir hosts, including birds. A potential route of JEV introduction from Asia to western North America is via the Hawaiian archipelago, while the spread of WNV from mainland North America to Hawai'i is also considered an impending threat. We surveyed resident, non-native bird sera for antibodies to JEV and WNV on two Hawaiian Islands from 2004-2005. Three of 1,835 birds (0.16%) had evidence of antiflavivirus antibodies, demonstrating neutralizing activity to JEV and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). These detections could represent a limited transmission focus of either, or both, JEV and SLEV, or cross-reactive antibodies due to primary infection with an alternate flavivirus. Frequent air traffic from both Asia and North America to Hawai'i, along with the presence of probable competent vectors and amplifying vertebrate hosts in Hawai'i, increases the likelihood of introduction and maintenance of novel flaviviruses. Therefore, it is important to monitor for the presence of these viruses.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves/virologia , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/imunologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Doenças das Aves/transmissão , Aves , Encefalite Japonesa/epidemiologia , Encefalite Japonesa/transmissão , Encefalite Japonesa/veterinária , Feminino , Havaí/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/transmissão , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/veterinária
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