Comparative Evaluation of Myeloperoxidase Enzymatic Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Subjects having Orthodontic Treatment by Different Aligning Arch Wires.

INTRODUCTION: There exist a number of factors that affect the outcome of orthodontic treatment. These factors can be assessed by various gingival markers. One such maker is myeloperoxidase (MPO). Hence, we planned the present study to assess and compare the MPO activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment by different aligning arch wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included assessment of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment for crowding of anterior teeth. Diagnostic cast models of all the subjects were made for recording the irregularity index. All the subjects were randomly divided into three study groups with 15 patients in each group based on the type of nickel-titanium (NiTi) arch wires used. A collection of GCF samples was done in all the patients at various time intervals and it was sent to the laboratory for assessment of MPO activity. Activity of the MPO enzyme was expressed in terms of number of units per 100 µL. All the results obtained were compiled and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. RESULTS: We observed that nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the mean age and mean gingival score in all the study groups. However, significant results were obtained on comparing the mean MPO enzymatic activity in all the study groups at different time intervals. CONCLUSION: Both superelastic NiTi and heat-activated NiTi generate optimal forces, which are necessary for higher metabolic response of the periodontal ligament. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In the intimal stages of orthodontic treatment, both superelastic NiTi and heat-activated NiTi wires are superior in leveling and aligning the crowded teeth.

In vitro Assessment of Influence of Various Bleaching Protocols on the Strength of Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets bonded to Bleached Tooth Surface: A Comparative Study.

INTRODUCTION: Esthetics is one of the common issues because of which patients consult dental orthodontic treatment. Two ways of tooth bleaching are available these days, which includes in-office bleach and home bleach. Various bleaching protocols are available these days for treating the tooth surfaces. Hence, we planned the present study for investigating the impact of various intracoronal bleaching protocols on shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to tooth surface after bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included assessment of 100 extracted maxillary central incisors with the integrated buccal surface. A resin block was made and individual teeth were embedded in each block. Root canal therapy procedure was performed in all the teeth, after which 2 mm short of tooth apex up to the level of cementoenamel junction, removal of the root canal filling was done. All the samples were broadly divided into four study groups with 25 samples in each group. Bleaching procedure was carried in all the samples intracoronally followed by testing of shear bond strength using universal force testing machine. Following the modified adhesive remnant index (AI), assessment of remaining adhesive on the brackets was done. All the results were compiled and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0. RESULTS: In the control group, mean shear bond strength was found to be 17.9 MPa. While comparing the carbamide peroxide (CP) group with sodium perborate study group, we observed a statistically significant difference. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the shear bond strength in between sodium perborate group and hydrogen peroxide (HP) group. CONCLUSION: Intracoronal bleaching does affect the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets. Sodium perborate bleaching influences shear bond strength more strongly than other bleaching agents such as CP and HP. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, HP is a preferred agent where bleaching has to be followed by orthodontic bonding to the tooth surface.

A Cross-sectional Study to assess the Perception of Psychosocial Elements among Pediatric Patients visiting Dental Clinics.

INTRODUCTION: Children with high dental fear and perception usually encounter high prevalence of dental caries. Data showed that individuals with dental fear will probably defer dental appointments which may result in the formation of a setup of an endless loop of dental fear. Present study was aimed to assess different psycho-social parameters among pediatric patients visiting dental clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study, the data of 200 schoolchildren were collected and analyzed by means of a questionnaire. Evaluation of the oral health status was done by experienced pedodontists. All the answers were recorded and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. RESULTS: Nearly 120 were regular attendees while remaining 80 were found to be irregular attendees. Significant difference was observed while comparing the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, decayed teeth, dental fear, cognitive vulnerability, and dental prevention belief between the regular and irregular group. Significant correlation was observed between higher number of decayed teeth and increasing level of dental fear. CONCLUSION: Various psychosocial parameters, by affecting the dental visits, are associated with outcome of oral health measures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Special attention should be paid to the pediatric patients with such kind of behavior so that their psy-chosocial attitude could be modified in favor of dental treatment.

Panacea to lost gingival tissue architecture and spacing: Silicone gingival prosthesis.

The positive psychological effects of improving patients' smile often contribute to an improved self-image and enhanced self-esteem. Periodontal disease may lead to tooth and tissue loss that can result in esthetic problems. Combined periodontal/prosthodontic treatment for patients with advanced disease is well documented. This case report illustrates a method of treatment for an advanced tissue loss in an esthetic area using a removable silicone gingival prosthesis/mask.

Assessment of LuxaCore, Photo Core, and Core Max II on Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with ParaPosts and Fiber-Reinforced Composite Posts.

Objectives: The objective is to evaluate the efficacy of LuxaCore, Photo Core, and Core Max II on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with ParaPosts and fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts. Materials and Methods: Ninety extracted mandibular first premolar teeth were randomly grouped into nine different groups with ten samples in each. I-FRC posts, II-FRC with Photo Core, III-FRC with LuxaCore, IV-FRC with composite core, V-FRC with Core Max II, VI-para Post (PP), VII-PP with Luxa core, VIII-PP with photo Core, IX-PP with Core Max II were compared for fracture resistance. Results: The mean fracture resistance (Newton) in group I was 452± 61.5, in group II was 412.6± 42.4 (higher from group I to group V), and lower in group VI to group IX (288 to 246.5). The mean fracture resistance of group II to V was 380.1±72.1 and group VI to IX was 62.8±70.6. The difference was statistically significant (0.001). Conclusion: FRC posts exhibited higher fracture resistance as compared to ParaPosts, and fracture resistance was not dependent on the type of material used.

Association of Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Leptin Concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association of orthodontic tooth movement with the concentration of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Materials and Methods: In thirty orthodontic patients, the concentration of leptin was assessed at baseline, 1 h, 24 h, 7 days, and 1 month after application of orthodontic force. Distalized tooth movement was evaluated by measuring the difference on dental casts at baseline and 1 month after force application. Results: Average concentration of leptin in GCF raises from baseline (T0) to 1 h after application of force (T1). There was a significant association of the overall average concentration of leptin with the degree of tooth movement (correlation coefficient = 0.625). Conclusion: There was a biphasic change in GCF leptin concentration and significant association between rates of tooth movement with GCF leptin concentration.

A Comparison of Xenograft Graft Material and Synthetic Bioactive Glass Allograft in Immediate Dental Implant Patients.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to compare xenograft graft material and synthetic bioactive glass allograft in immediate dental implant patients. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were grouped as Group A patients (xenograft graft material, BioOss) and Group B (synthetic allograft material, Perio Glas) and immediate implant placement was done. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bone resorption were compared at different intervals. Results: A nonsignificant difference was observed in all parameters at different interval of time (P > 0.05) recorded at mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual side. Conclusion: Xenograft (Bio Oss) and synthetic allograft (PerioGlas) found to be effective graft materials treatment choice.

Analysis of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth with Different Restorative Materials: An In vitro Study.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to compare the fracture resistance of endodontic treated tooth restored with GIC, amalgam, and composite cements. Materials and Methods: Forty teeth were divided into 4 groups of 10 teeth each. Group I teeth were restored with silver amalgam. Group II teeth were restored with GIC. Group III teeth were restored with composite and Group IV teeth were control in which no alteration was performed. Testing machine applied force on teeth to detect fracture resistance. Results: The mean fracture resistance was maximum in Group IV (1050.2 N) followed by Group III (956.2 N), Group I (836.4 N), and Group II (766.4 N). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean difference of fracture resistance was significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Composite resin possesses highest fractures resistance as compared to GIC and silver amalgam.

Assessment of Dimensional Changes in Periodontium with Immediate Replacement of Tooth by Socket-shield Technique.

Background: The reduction of alveolar bone volume following tooth extraction may interfere with the placement of implants. The present study was conducted to assess dimensional changes in periodontium with immediate replacement of tooth by socket-shield technique. Materials and Methods: Twenty fractured central incisors were enrolled, and periodontal ligament (PDL)-mediated root preservation technique was planned with simultaneous implant placement. Results: Out of 20 patients, males were 11 and females were 9. Preoperatively, buccolingual alveolar bone width was 8.1 mm and postoperatively, 9.0 mm. There was 2.1 mm bone loss preoperatively and 2.2 mm postoperatively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PDL-mediated root preservation technique with simultaneous implant placement is effective.

Assessment of Effect of Fluoride on Titanium Dental Implants.

Background: Titanium has always been the material of choice for dental implants. The present study was conducted to assess effect of fluoride on titanium dental implants. Materials and Methods: Forty samples of pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V were tested in an electrochemical cell. Results: Ecorr/V of titanium implant in artificial saliva was -0.42, and in artificial saliva, +0.25% NaF was -0.63. Ecorr/V of Ti-6Al-4V in artificial saliva was -0.56 and in artificial saliva +0.25% NaF was -0.60. Conclusion: There was significant effect of fluoride on titanium implants in terms of corrosion.

Prophylactic Use of Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol in Patients Undergoing Dental Extractions Following Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer.

BACKGROUND: In head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is one of the major but uncommon complications. Satisfactorily results have been observed while treating ORN patients with upcoming treatment modalities such as combination therapy of pentoxifylline and Vitamin E (PVe). It is believed that in patients undergoing dental extractions, these treatment modalities can be used prophylactically for lowering the risk of development of ORN. Hence, keeping all these things in mind, we planned the present study to assess the prophylactic role of pentoxifylline and tocopherol in patients who require dental extractions after radiotherapy for cancer of head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 110 patients were included in this retrospective study, which had radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck. After radiotherapy, a total of 450 dental extractions were done in these 110 patients. RESULTS: External beam therapy was given in 92.72% of the patients. 7.27% and 40% of the patients received intensity modulated radiotherapy combination of chemotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy, respectively. ORN developed only in 2 patients. Patients had taken PVe for a mean of 12 (24) weeks preoperatively and 14 (18) weeks postoperatively. The incidence was lower than that normally associated with dental extractions in irradiated patients. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing dental extractions, after receiving radiotherapy of head and neck region, combination therapy of pentoxifylline and tocopherol are sufficiently effective.

Titanium allergy: a literature review.

Titanium has gained immense popularity and has successfully established itself as the material of choice for dental implants. In both medical and dental fields, titanium and its alloys have demonstrated success as biomedical devices. Owing to its high resistance to corrosion in a physiological environment and the excellent biocompatibility that gives it a passive, stable oxide film, titanium is considered the material of choice for intraosseous use. There are certain studies which show titanium as an allergen but the resources to diagnose titanium sensivity are very limited. Attention is needed towards the development of new and precise method for early diagnosis of titanium allergy and also to find out the alternative biomaterial which can be used in place of titanium. A review of available articles from the Medline and PubMed database was done to find literature available regarding titanium allergy, its diagnosis and new alternative material for titanium.