Recent and advanced therapy for oral cancer.

Oral cancer is a common and deadly kind of tissue invasion, has a high death rate, and may induce metastasis that mostly affects adults over the age of 40. Most in vitro traditional methods for studying cancer have included the use of monolayer cell cultures and several animal models. There is a worldwide effort underway to reduce the excessive use of laboratory animals since, although being physiologically adequate, animal models rarely succeed in exactly mimicking human models. 3D culture models have gained great attention in the area of biomedicine because of their capacity to replicate parent tissue. There are many benefits to using a drug delivery approach based on nanoparticles in cancer treatment. Because of this, in vitro test methodologies are crucial for evaluating the efficacy of prospective novel nanoparticle drug delivery systems. This review discusses current advances in the utility of 3D cell culture models including multicellular spheroids, patient-derived explant cultures, organoids, xenografts, 3D bioprinting, and organoid-on-a-chip models. Aspects of nanoparticle-based drug discovery that have utilized 2D and 3D cultures for a better understanding of genes implicated in oral cancers are also included in this review.

Temporalis Muscle Flap in Head and Neck Reconstructions Is That Forgotten or Forbidden? Our Case Series and Review of Literature.

Temporalis muscle flap is a versatile flap which can be used for reconstruction after major head and neck resections, owing to its optimal bulk, constant and reliable vascularity, ease of access to recipient site, minimal donor site morbidity and relatively better cosmetic outcome compared to more bulky flaps like pectoralis major myocutaneous flap or deltopectoral flap. The flap can be used as a muscle flap, myofascial flap (muscle with temporalis fascia). We present our series of 12 cases of temporalis muscle flap reconstruction for various head and neck reconstructions. The aim of this study was to analyse the application of temporalis muscle flap in head and neck reconstructions and its outcome.

Axillary dissection for breast cancer using electrocautery versus ultrasonic dissectors: A prospective randomized study.

BACKGROUND: The major morbidities of modified radical mastectomy both short- and long-term are sequelae of axillary dissection. Flap complications, prolonged seroma, need for axillary drainage, wound infection, lymphedema, shoulder stiffness, and paresthesia are major causes for morbidity after axillary dissection. Different techniques have been implemented to tackle these problems. Few of these include reducing the axillary dead space, using various forms of energy devices. AIMS: We have prospectively compared two energy sources, namely, ultrasonic dissector (UD) against the electrocautery dissection in axillary dissection for breast cancer with respect to outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred female patients with breast cancer undergoing modified radical mastectomy were randomized to either of the two arms - axillary dissection using UD and axillary dissection using electrocautery. The parameters taken into consideration were operating time, operative blood loss, amount and duration of axillary drainage, flap complications, nodal yield, and postoperative pain scoring. RESULTS: There were no significant differences overall between the two groups with respect to oncological safety and functional outcomes.