[Role of immunological factors in the development of myopic choroidal neovascularization]. / Vliyanie immunologicheskikh faktorov na mekhanizmy formirovaniya miopicheskoi khorioidal'noi neovaskulyarizatsii.

AIM: To study the concentration of cytokines in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) and to compare the results to their ophthalmic status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 19 patients (19 eyes) with mCNV treated with intravitreal ranibizumab were included in the study. The control group consisted of 15 patients (15 eyes) with myopia who had cataract surgery. Age, sex, and refractive error distribution were similar to that in the study group. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination as well as immunological study of the aqueous humor for cytokines concentrations using flow fluorometry (Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Panel, 27-Plex, Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA). RESULTS: Significant differences in concentrations of 10 cytokines were found between the mCNV and study groups. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level was twice as low in patients with mCNV as that in the controls (191.15±142.3 pg/ml and 320.06±170.05 pg/ml, respectively) (p<0.05). The other 9 cytokines were higher in mCNV, namely, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-15, IL-17А and IL-5, IL-13, respectively), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and chemokines (IL-8, RANTES). The degree of myopia as well as morphological and functional changes in the macular zone were shown to be in close correlation with cytokines involved in inflammation and VEGF. VEGF level appeared to be negatively related to axial eye length, refractive error, and three cytokines: IL-13, INF-γ, and RANTES. At the same time, numerous (6, 8 and more) close correlations were established between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. CONCLUSION: Patients with mCNV have been found to have higher than usual levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors as well as a significantly decreased VEGF concentration. Immunological status of these patients differs from that in other ocular neovascular diseases suggesting possible involvement of alternative pathogenetic mechanisms.

[Cytochemical research on the matrix activity and status of the histone component of the neurocyte chromatin in the rat cerebellar cortex during postnatal differentiation]. / Tsitokhimicheskoe issledovanie matrichnoi aktivnosti i sostoianiia gistonovogo komponenta khromatina nevrotsitov kory mozzhechka krysy v period postnatal'noi differentsirovki.

Evident differences in the ammoniacal silver staining pattern of histones were demonstrated for neurones of different layers of adult rat cerebellar cortex. These differences were formed during postnatal differentiation. It has been also shown for Purkinje and granular cells that time-course of age-dependent changes in histone staining are not coincident with that for template activity of these cells.

[Cytological analysis of the protein component of the nuclear chromatin in rat sympathetic neurocytes in postnatal ontogeny. I. The age-related changes in the histones detectable by ammoniacal silver and the matrix activity of the chromatin in rat sympathetic neurocytes]. / Tsitologicheskii analiz belkovogo komponenta iadernogo khromatina simpaticheskikh nevrotsitov krysy v postnatal'nom ontogeneze. I. Vozrastnye izmeneniia gistonov, vyiavliaemye ammiachnym serebrom, i matrichnaia aktivnost' khromatina simpaticheskikh nevrotsitov krysy.

The nuclear histones of the rat superior cervical ganglion neurons were stained at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis with ammoniacal silver (AS). Considerable changes in neuronal staining were revealed during the terminal cytodifferentiation, whereas no changes were found during mature age and in a more advanced age. A combined method was proposed that involved simultaneous AS-staining and radioautographical evaluation of transcription in the same cell. No correlation was seen between the nuclear AS-staining and the number of active transcription units.

[Cytological analysis of the protein component of the nuclear chromatin in rat sympathetic neurocytes in postnatal ontogeny. II. The age-related changes in the nonhistone chromosomal proteins detectable by fast green and the matrix activity before and after extraction of the weakly bound fraction]. / Tsitologicheskii analiz belkovogo komponenta iadernogo khromatina simpaticheskikh nevrotsitov krysy v postnatal'nom ontogeneze. II. Vozrastnye izmeneniia negistonovykh iadernykh belkov, vyiavliaemye prochnym zelenym, i matrichnaia aktivnost' do i posle ékstraktsii slabosviazannoi fraktsii.

A cytophotometrical study was made of Fast Green FCF binding by nuclear non-histone proteins of the rat superior ganglion neurons at pH 2.6 (1 day, 1 week, 1 and 5 months, and 2.5 years after birth, a. b.). An increased dye binding by fraction NHP, stable in 0.35 M NaCl, was seen during the terminal cytodifferentiation (between days 7 and 14 a. b.). The extraction of a loosely bound fraction of non-histone proteins caused a decrease in the transcription level evaluated by the Moore method, throughout the whole postnatal ontogenesis, and no effect of extraction was noticed in respect of the AS-staining of nuclear histones.

[Cytochemical research on the state of the histone component and of chromatin matrix activity in neurocytes of the rat sympathetic ganglion at different times after dissection of the pre- and postganglionic nerves]. / Tsitokhimicheskoe issledovanie sostoianiia gistonovogo komponenta i matrichnoi aktivnosti khromatina v nevrotsitakh simpaticheskogo gangliia krysy na raznykh srokakh posle pererezki pre- i postganglionarov.

Chromatin template activity and histones were studied in the rat superior cervical ganglion neurons of the 2nd, 10th and 60th days after bilateral pre- or postganglionic nerve division using the Moore method and the Black and Ansley ammoniacal silver staining technique. Alterations in chromatin template activity were found on the 2nd, and 10th days after operation when specific function of neurons was switched off. The dynamics of template activity was different for nucleolar and nucleoplasmic chromatins to be dependent on the type of operation. At the same periods after pre- and postganglionic nerve section the pattern of ammoniacal silver staining in neuron nuclei in the superior cervical ganglion became similar to that in nondifferentiated neurons. These alterations in transcription and histones disappeared by the 60th day after both the variants of operation. Changes in histone staining were absent after the false operation without nerve division. A conclusion is made on the existing of some connection between histone transformation during differentiation and specific functioning of nerve cells.

[Effect of measured chemical sympathectomy on the dynamics of the chromatin functional indices of rat sympathetic neurocytes during their differentiation]. / Vliianie dozirovannoi khimicheskoi desimpatizatsii na dinamiku nekotorykh pokazatelei sostoianiia khromatina simpaticheskikh nevrotsitov krysy v khode ikh differentsirovki.

Differences have been found between age-related shifts of DNA template activity of sympathetic neuron chromatin of normal and guanethidine-desympathized rats. The mean level of DNA template activity in mature neurons was the higher the heavier the desympathization of rat. In the ganglia of guanethidine-treated rats a subpopulation of neurocytes was revealed with an unusually high nucleolar-to-nucleoplasmic label ratio, never observed in control rats. The maturational disturbances in the course of alterations in histones visualized by ammoniacal silver, as well as shifts in the percentage of specifically stained nuclei are proportional to the level of desympathization. These changes in histones can be interpreted as a preliminary acceleration and aging of guanethidine-treated rat ganglia which are proportional to the number of destructed cells.

[Changes in the transcription capacity of the chromatin of nerve and liver cells exposed to morphine and opioids]. / Izmenenie transkriptsionnoi sposobnosti khromatina nervnykh i pechenochnykh kletok pri deistvii na nikh morfina i nekotorykh opioidov.

Morphine stimulates in vitro 3H-UTP incorporation into the nuclei of neurons of the superior cervical ganglion and into the hepatocyte nuclei of some rodents. This effect is dose-dependent and partially inhibited by naloxone. A synthetic analog of enkephalins, D-Ala2-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAGO), and beta-endorphin stimulate the incorporation of RNA precursors into pre-rRNA. Possible mechanisms of morphine action are discussed.

[Changes in histones and transcription in the nuclei of sympathetic neurons in rats of various ages under the action of testosterone]. / Izmenenie gistonov i transkriptsii v iadrakh simpaticheskikh neironov krys raznogo vozrasta pri deistvii testosterona.

A study of chromatin in KSTG neurocytes revealed the most remarkable changes of template activity after testosterone administration in 9 days old rats and less significant changes in adult rats. No changes were detected in 19 days old rats. The pattern of silver staining of the nuclei did not differ from the control in all age groups. The possible role of testosterone in differentiation of KSTG neurocytes in early postnatal period as well as the stage-related differences in mechanisms of the hormone action during ontogenesis are discussed.

[The structure and transcription activity of the neuronal chromatin in the sensorimotor cortex during postnatal differentiation]. / Issledovanie struktury i transkriptsionnoi aktivnosti khromatina neironov sensomotornoi kory v period postnatal'noi differentsirovki.

We report findings about age-related changes in the chromatin structure detected using ammoniacal silver and changes in the transcription rate in neurons by layers II-V of the sensomotor cortex of rats at days 7, 14 and 60 of postnatal life. Different types of neurons showed different average template activity but similar patterns of its age-related changes. The rearrangement of the chromatin structure in various types of cortical cells showed different orientation after day 14 of postnatal life.

[Changes in the properties of chromatin during nerve cell acquisition of definitive morphologic features]. / Izmeneniia svoistv khromatina v protsessee priobreteniia nervynymi kletkami definitivnykh morfologicheskikh priznakov.

The morphological maturation of neurocytes of the cranial cervical ganglion during the 1st month of life was accompanied in rats by changes in the state of DNA-histone chromatin complex and rise of stainability of non-histone nuclear proteins by fast green FCF at pH 2.6. This coincided in time with the increase of transcription level as well as with changes in the dynamics of RNA-bound nuclear label during the first hours after (3)H-uridine incorporation. These peculiarities reflect the process of chromatin rearrangement during the maturation of neurocytes.

[An APC 50 MA x-ray unit for mammography]. / Rentgenovskii apparat dlia mammografii APC 50 MA.

The main medical and engineering parameters of the unit are described, and its specific features as a tool for diagnosis of mammary gland diseases are considered. The following systems are described: for voltage switching in the main circuit, for the control and stabilization of the X-ray tube anode voltage, and the device for limiting the exposure time. The mathematical description of the dynamic properties of a closed system to control the anode voltage is proposed.

[Chromatin matrix activity in Purkinje cells and granular cells of the rat cerebellar cortex during postnatal differentiation]. / Issledovanie matrichnoi aktivnosti khromatina v kletkakh Purkin'e i kletkakh-zernakh kory mozzhechka krysy v period postnatal'noi differentsirovki.

Moore's method used for the examination of chromatin template activity in Purkinje and granule cells of 7, 14, 30 days and 3 months old rate cerebellar cortex has shown the age-dependent changes during differentiation period. The histograms for Purkinje cells have demonstrated that all neurons were distributed into 3 groups of activity according to their nuclear labelling. The cell percentage in each group varied during ontogenesis.

[Cytochemical study of the neurocytes of the rat locus coeruleus after guanethidine sympathectomy]. / Tsitokhimicheskoe issledovanie nevrotsitov locus coeruleus krys pri desimpatizatsii guanetidinom.

The histone localization, template activity of chromatin and epinephrine fluorescence in L. Coeruleus (LC) neurons of normal a. guanethidine sympathectomized (GS) rats (15 mg/kg during 3, 8 or 14 days after birth) were studied. The absence of chromatin rearrangements connected with genome reprogramming under sympathectomy was documented by the fact that maximal doses of guanethidine gives no changes in ammoniacal silver staining pattern. However GS caused the decrease in nuclear and extranuclear template activity and in epinephrine fluorescence proportionally with GS. It is obvious that LC cells tend to form discrete classes according to their transcription levels.

[Transcription in the sympathetic neurocytes of rats at different stages of postnatal ontogeny]. / Issledovanie transkriptsii v simpaticheskikh nevrotsitakh krysy na raznykh étapakh postnatal'nogo ontogeneza.

Examination of transcription with the use of autoradiographic determination of the activity of endogenous RNA-polymerases in fixed neurons of the rat cranial cervical ganglion has shown the existence of the age-associated time course of nucleolar, nucleoplasmic and total nuclear labeling which supposedly reflects the changes in the number of the transcription units of DNA in the course of postnatal ontogenesis.

[Indices of sympathetic neurocyte transcription and the survival indices of fractionally and partially chemically sympathectomized rats against a background of atsefen use]. / Issledovanie pokazatelei transkriptsii simpaticheskikh nevrotsitov i pokazatelei vyzhivaniia u drobno chastichno khimicheski desimpatizirovannykh krys na fone primeneniia atsefena.

Transcription in sympathetic neurocytes of ageing (22 months) normally developing rats, partially sympathectomized by guanethidine, was studied with autoradiography. Beginning with the age of 12 months some experimental animals were given daily dose of 1 mg/ml of geroprotector, atsefen (centrophenoxine), in water solution. The time-course of death rate in animals aged 12-30 months was studied as well. A positive dose-dependent relationship between some ageing symptoms of sympathetic neurocytes of sympathectomized animals and their maximum life span was shown. Geroprotector atsefen were found to inhibit some ageing processes in sympathetic nerve cells, their maximum life span increasing simultaneously.

[Transcription of nucleoplasmatic and nucleolar sites of DNA sensitive to the protease inhibitor antipain]. / Transkriptsiia nukleoplazmaticheskikh i iadryshkovykh saitov DNK, chuvstvetel'naia k ingibitoru proteaz antipainu.

Age-related changes in the transcriptional activities of Purkinje cells chromatin and sympathetic cranial cervical ganglion under the influence of morphine and some natural and synthetic peptide compounds were found. It was shown that at different stages of the ontogenesis, morphine was capable of increasing the template activity of nucleolar and/or extranucleolar chromatin, and that this process was inhibited by antipain. The findings suggest the presence of DNA sites in the eucaryotic genome, that are induced by the protease mechanism and are likely to be similar to the SOS-genes of procaryotes. The SOS-genes of procaryotes are activated under unfavourable conditions and promote the survival of the microbial population, while in eucaryotes these genes are believed to provide the formation of definite cell populations whose composition is the most adequate for the living conditions of an adult organism.

[Chromatin matrix activity in hepatocyte nuclei after disturbance of the hepatic vagal innervation]. / Matrichnaia aktivnost' khromatina iader gepatotsitov posle narusheniia vagusnoi innervatsii pecheni.

The level of matrix activity of extranucleolar and nucleolar chromatin in hepatocytes of white noninbred rats has been studied in dynamics after disturbance of the vagal innervation. In order to estimate the labelling intensity of nuclear structures, the histoautoradiographic method is used. After bilateral subdiaphragmal vagotomy at early stages (1-2 weeks) the level of the nucleoplasm and nucleolus increases essentially, and by the 30th day a tendency to its normalization is noted. A conclusion is made that the peripheral nervous system influences the intensity of metabolic processes in the nucleus.

[Changes in the structural and functional states of chromatin of the neurons of the cerebral hemisphere cortex in the early post-resuscitation period in rats]. / Izmenenie strukturno-funktsional'nogo sostoianiia khromatina neironov kory bol'shikh polusharii krys v rannem post- reanimatsionnom periode.

Structuro-functional state of chromatin of the neurons' nuclei of the third, fourth and fifth layers of the sensorimotor cortex was investigated by Moore's method and with the help of ammonia silver colouring an hour and 24 hr post resuscitation in rats who had endured a systemic arrest of blood circulation. It was determined, that the level of labelling of nucleoli of light neurons increased in the early postresuscitation period, while that of dark neurons decreased as compared to check samples. The level of labelling of extranucleolar chromatin increased in both light and dark neurons in the cortex layers under investigation during the 1st hour post resuscitation. The transcriptional activity of extranucleolar chromatin of neurons of both types remained increased in the third and fourth cortex layers 24 hr post resuscitation, while in the fifth one it tended to normalize during the same period. Essential restructuring of the neurons's chromatin was determined with the help of ammonia silver in all cortex layers, which was indicative of a possible change in the spectrum of the synthesized proteins.

[Effects of different doses of hyperbaric oxygenation on morphology and transcription of cortical neurons of rats with experimental cerebral ischemia]. / Issledovanie vliianiia razlichnykh rezhimov GBO na morfologiiu i transkriptsiiu neironov kory krys s éksperimental'nym insul'tom.

Its effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (the doses 1.2 and 2 ata) on cortical pyramids of the rats with one-or both-side ligation of common arteria carotis 2.5 or 24 hours after operation was studied. The neuron survival and transcription activity were estimated. In all experimental situations except the most serious, e.g. 24 hours after the both-side artery ligation, the dose 2 ata was more effective. On the contrary, in most serious cases the dose 1.2 ata or applying in the baro-camera the air instead of oxygen provided the better result.