WITHDRAWN: Investigating the ERG a-wave and Retinal Diseases with Rod Equivalent Circuit Model Based on the APD.

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Mimicking the retinal neuron functions by a photoresponsive single transistor with a double gate.

To realize a low-cost neuromorphic visual system, employing an artificial neuron capable of mimicking the retinal neuron functions is essential. A photoresponsive single transistor neuron composed of a vertical silicon nanowire is proposed. Similar to retinal neurons, various photoresponsive characteristics of the single transistor neuron can be modulated by light intensity as well as wavelength and have a high responsivity to green light like the human eye. The device is designed with a cylindrical surrounding double-gate structure, enclosed by an independently controlled outer gate and inner gate. The outer gate has the function of selectively inhibiting neuron activity, which can mimic lateral inhibition of amacrine cells to ganglion cells, and the inner gate can be utilized for the adjustment of the firing threshold voltage, which can be used to mimic the regulation of photoresponsivity by horizontal cells for adaptive visual perception. Furthermore, a myelination function that controls the speed of information transmission is obtained according to the inherent asymmetric source/drain structure of a vertical silicon nanowire. This work can enable photoresponsive neuronal function using only a single transistor, providing a promising hardware implementation for building miniaturized neuromorphic vision systems at low cost.

Efficient and systematic parameter extraction based on rate equations by DFB equivalent circuit model.

The conventional direct parameter extraction method generally suffers from cumbersome due to redundant experiments. An efficient and systematical parameter extracting solution is proposed based on an equivalent circuit model of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. The successfully built circuit model includes the necessary intrinsic parameters in the rate equations and the extrinsic parameters to provide a better approximation of the actual laser. This method is experimentally verified through a DFB laser chip measurement of electronic and optical performance under the same conditions. Finally, the nine intrinsic parameters in the rate equations and five extrinsic parameters in the model are efficiently extracted using this technique from a set of experimental characteristics of a DFB laser chip. Modeled and measured results for the laser output characteristics exhibit good agreement when the extracted parameters are used. The method is versatile for other semiconductor lasers that can be modeled using rate equations. Comparison with simulation results of published laser models further validates the reliability of the presented model and extraction method.