Visible-Light-Induced Multi-Component Nitrooxylation Reactions of α-Diazoesters, Cyclic Ethers, and tert-Butyl nitrite Leading to Organic Nitrate Esters.

A simple and efficient strategy has been developed for the synthesis of organic nitrate esters via visible-light-induced multi-component nitrooxylation reactions of α-diazoesters, cyclic ethers, and tert-butyl nitrite under open air atmosphere. This transformation could be conducted under mild and metal-free conditions to provide a number of organic nitrate esters in moderate to good yields using air as the green oxidant.

Ovarian fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

Ovarian fibrosis, characterized by the excessive proliferation of ovarian fibroblasts and the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), serves as one of the primary causes of ovarian dysfunction. Despite the critical role of ovarian fibrosis in maintaining the normal physiological function of the mammalian ovaries, research on this condition has been greatly underestimated, which leads to a lack of clinical treatment options for ovarian dysfunction caused by fibrosis. This review synthesizes recent research on the molecular mechanisms of ovarian fibrosis, encompassing TGF-ß, extracellular matrix, inflammation, and other profibrotic factors contributing to abnormal ovarian fibrosis. Additionally, we summarize current treatment approaches for ovarian dysfunction targeting ovarian fibrosis, including antifibrotic drugs, stem cell transplantation, and exosomal therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress on ovarian fibrosis and to propose potential therapeutic strategies targeting ovarian fibrosis for the treatment of ovarian dysfunction.

Recent advances in spoilage mechanisms and preservation technologies in beef quality: A review.

Beef is a popular meat product that can spoil and lose quality during postharvest handling and storage. This review examines different preservation methods for beef, from conventional techniques like low-temperature preservation, irradiation, vacuum packing, and chemical preservatives, to novel approaches like bacteriocin, essential oil, and non-thermal technologies. It also discusses how these methods work and affect beef quality. The review shows that beef spoilage is mainly due to enzymatic and microbial activities that impact beef freshness, texture, and quality. Although traditional preservation methods can extend beef shelf life, they have some drawbacks and limitations. Therefore, innovative preservation methods have been created and tested to improve beef quality and safety. These methods have promising results and potential applications in the beef industry. However, more research is needed to overcome the challenges and barriers for their commercialization. This review gives a comprehensive and critical overview of the current and emerging preservation methods for beef and their implications for the beef supply chain.