[Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive disease caused by serotype 19A in children: a meta-analysis].

Objective: Using Meta-analysis to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease (IPD) caused by serotype 19A in children <5 years old. Methods: "Streptococcus pneumoniae infection""invasive pneumococcal disease""13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine""PCV13""effectiveness""infant""child" and related terms were searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG DATA, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of science with no limited on language, region and research institution. The retrieval time was limited from January 2010 to February 2023 and cohort study, case-control study and randomized controlled trial were included. Data were extracted from eligible studies by two independent reviewers, and after study quality assessment by NOS scale, Meta-analysis was completed using Stata 16.0 software. Results: A total of 2 340 related literatures were searched, and 10 literatures were finally included, including 5 case-control studies and 5 indirect cohort studies, which showed good literature quality. The vaccine effectiveness against serotype 19A IPD of PCV13 in children was 83.91% (95%CI: 78.92%-88.89%), and the subgroup analysis (P=0.240) showed there was no significant difference among the case-control study (VE=87.34%, 95%CI:79.74%-94.94%) and the indirect cohort study (VE=81.30%, 95%CI:74.69%-87.92%). The funnel plot and Egger test suggested that the possibility of publication bias was small. Conclusion: The present evidence indicates that PCV13 has a good vaccine effectiveness against serotype 19A IPD in children, and it is recommended to further increase the vaccination rate of PCV13 to reduce the disease burden of IPD in children <5 years old.

[Selective tarsometatarsal arthrodesis for old Lisfranc injury].

Objective: To discuss the methods and clinical outcomes of selective tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthrodesis for old Lisfranc injury. Methods: The clinical data of 36 cases with old Lisfranc injury treated by selective arthrodesis from January 2010 to October 2016 in the Department of Orthopedics in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. There were 16 males and 20 females in this group with a mean age of (40±6) years. The information of pre-operative and post-operative X-ray, American Orthopaedics Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score and pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was collected. The complications were also recorded. The pre- and post-operative data were compared with t test. Results: The 36 patients got a follow-up for at-least 2 years (averaged (4.3±1.6) years, ranged from 2 to 8 years). The post-operative AOFAS midfoot score was improved from (44±7)(28-60) to (83±7)(76-97)(t=-37.1, P<0.05), and the VAS score decreased from (6.3±2.5)(5-9) to (1.6±1.3)(0-3)(t=23.7, P<0.05). Implant breakage occurred in two patients and the symptom was relieved after the removal of implants. Conclusion: The selective TMT arthrodesis for old Lisfranc injury may relieve the symptoms, improve the function and life quality of patients by restoring the medial arch and midfoot and forefoot alignment.

Femoral nerve repair using an h-type nerve regeneration chamber in rats.

Peripheral nerve injury in surgical trauma patients is very common. The femoral nerve can be divided into two branches: one regarding the quadricep muscles and one the skin. After nerve transection and suture, the motor axons have an equal opportunity to regenerate into the original muscle branch, or regenerate into the sensory skin nerves. These anatomical features of femoral nerve have made it important in nerve regeneration research. Thus, this study was designed to examine the effects of an H-type nerve regeneration chamber on motor nerve regeneration after femoral nerve injury. We performed femoral nerve injuries in adult rats and assessed nerve recovery over a 4-week post-operative period. Additionally, we evaluated nerve regeneration in the same animals anatomically, using several histological staining methods to provide structure analyses. We found that H-type nerve regeneration chamber provided enhanced improvement in nerve regeneration without nerve anastomosis, as compared with nerve anastomosis. Furthermore, incorrect nerve anastomosis reduced the nerve fiber diameter and thickness of myelin sheaths in regenerated nerve fibers. Finally, H-type nerve regeneration chamber provided enhanced functional recovery of nerve fibers, particularly for motor nerves. Together, our results suggest that direct nerve suture cannot effectively improve the functional recovery of damaged nerves, and nerve chemotaxis coupled with nerve regeneration chamber can effectively improve the effects of nerve regeneration, and enhance the prognosis of nerve injury repair.

Femoral nerve repair using an H-type nerve regeneration chamber in rats.

Peripheral nerve injury in surgical trauma patients is very common. The femoral nerve can be divided into two branches: one regarding the quadricep muscles, and one the skin. After nerve transection and suture, the motor axons have an equal opportunity to regenerate into the original muscle branch, or regenerate into the sensory skin nerves. These anatomical features of femoral nerve have made it important in nerve regeneration research. Thus, this study was designed to examine the effects of an H-type nerve regeneration chamber on motor nerve regeneration after femoral nerve injury. We performed femoral nerve injuries in adult rats and assessed nerve recovery over a 4-week post-operative period. Additionally, we evaluated nerve regeneration in the same animals anatomically, using several histological staining methods to provide structure analyses. We found that H-type nerve regeneration chamber provided enhanced improvement in nerve regeneration without nerve anastomosis, as compared with nerve anastomosis. Furthermore, incorrect nerve anastomosis reduced the nerve fiber diameter and thickness of myelin sheaths in regenerated nerve fibers. Finally, H-type nerve regeneration chamber provided enhanced functional recovery of nerve fibers, particularly for motor nerves. Together, our results suggest that direct nerve suture cannot effectively improve the functional recovery of damaged nerves, and nerve chemotaxis coupled with nerve regeneration chamber can effectively improve the effects of nerve regeneration, and enhance the prognosis of nerve injury repair.

Associated analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms found on exon 3 of the IGF-1 gene with Tibetan miniature pig growth traits.

The IGF-1 gene is an important regulating factor that has a growth-promoting effect on growth hormone. The IGF-1 gene promotes muscle cell differentiation in the muscle cell formation process. The IGF-1 gene also regulates the growth of skeletal muscle during skeletal muscle growth. In addition, the IGF-1 gene plays an important role in the formation of mammals and poultry embryos, and the process of postnatal growth. The IGF-1 gene has been implicated as a candidate gene for the regulation of pig growth traits. We analyzed exon 3 of the IGF-1 gene polymorphism in Tibetan miniature pigs (N = 128) by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. One single nucleotide polymorphism (T40C) was found on exon 3 of the IGF-1 gene. Statistical analysis of genotype frequencies revealed that the T allele was dominant in Tibetan miniature pigs at the T40C locus. The association analysis showed that the IGF-1 mutation had an effect on the body weight, body length, and chest circumference of pigs aged 6-8 months. In addition, the IGF-1 mutation had an effect on body weight in pigs aged 9-11 months (P < 0.05). We speculated that the pigs with the TT genotype grow more rapidly compared to those with the TC genotype. The TC genotype of the Tibetan miniature pig has a smaller body type. This information provides a theoretical basis for the genetic background of Tibetan miniature pigs.

2-(3',5'-Dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone, a novel synthetic small-molecule compound, provides neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke.

2-(3',5'-Dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone (DMBC) is a novel small-molecule compound synthesized by our group. Here, we found that in rat models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), intraperitoneal injection (ip) of DMBC at 1h after ischemia reduced infarct volume, improved neurological deficits and increased the protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP 2) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in the ischemic cortex. Post-treatment of DMBC still produced neuroprotective effects even when administered at 6h after ischemia. In the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced astrocytes or HT22 cell injury, DMBC treatment decreased the OGD-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and increased the GFAP levels in astrocytes. In addition, Annexin-V-Fluos staining analysis revealed that DMBC treatment attenuated both OGD-induced apoptosis and necrosis in astrocytes. Western blotting analysis showed DMBC treatment inhibited the ischemia or OGD-induced increases in active cathepsin B in the ischemic cortex or in astrocytes or HT22 cells. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that DMBC treatment blocked the ischemia or OGD-induced release of cathepsin B from the lysosomes into the cytoplasm in the ischemic cortex or in astrocytes or HT22 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that DMBC can offer neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia with an extended therapeutic window and its mechanism might be associated with inhibition of the cathepsin B activation.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of GH, GHR, and IGF-1 genes in minipigs.

Tibetan (TB) and Bama (BM) miniature pigs are two popular pig breeds that are used as experimental animals in China due to their small body size. Here, we analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in gene fragments that are closely related to growth traits [growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1)] in these pig breeds and a large white (LW) control pig breed. On the basis of the analysis of 100 BMs, 108 TBs, and 50 LWs, the polymorphic distribution levels of GH, GHR, and IGF-1 were significantly different among these three pig breeds. According to correlation analyses between SNPs and five growth traits--body weight (BW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), chest circumference (CC), and abdomen circumference (AC)--three SNP loci in BMs and four SNP loci in TBs significantly affected growth traits. Three SNP sites in BMs and four SNP sites in TBs significantly affected growth traits. SNPs located in the GH gene fragment significantly affected BL and CC at locus 12 and BL at locus 45 in BMs, and also BW, WH, CC, and AC at locus 45 and WH and CC at locus 93 in TBs. One SNP at locus 85 in the BM GHR gene fragment significantly affected all growth traits. All indices were significantly reduced with a mixture of alleles at locus 85. These results provide more information regarding the genetic background of these minipig species and indicate useful selection markers for pig breeding programs.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of GH, GHR, and IGF-1 genes in minipigs

Tibetan (TB) and Bama (BM) miniature pigs are two popular pig breeds that are used as experimental animals in China due to their small body size. Here, we analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in gene fragments that are closely related to growth traits [growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1)] in these pig breeds and a large white (LW) control pig breed. On the basis of the analysis of 100 BMs, 108 TBs, and 50 LWs, the polymorphic distribution levels of GH, GHR, and IGF-1 were significantly different among these three pig breeds. According to correlation analyses between SNPs and five growth traits - body weight (BW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), chest circumference (CC), and abdomen circumference (AC) - three SNP loci in BMs and four SNP loci in TBs significantly affected growth traits. Three SNP sites in BMs and four SNP sites in TBs significantly affected growth traits. SNPs located in the GH gene fragment significantly affected BL and CC at locus 12 and BL at locus 45 in BMs, and also BW, WH, CC, and AC at locus 45 and WH and CC at locus 93 in TBs. One SNP at locus 85 in the BM GHR gene fragment significantly affected all growth traits. All indices were significantly reduced with a mixture of alleles at locus 85. These results provide more information regarding the genetic background of these minipig species and indicate useful selection markers for pig breeding programs.