[One case of adult-onset dystonia presenting with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia].

We report a case of adult-onset dystonia presenting with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. The patient had ptosis in both eyes, particularly the left eye, for no obvious reason since the age of 10, which was progressively aggravated. The clinical diagnosis was chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. However, whole gene sequencing revealed the mitochondrial A3796G missense mutation, so the patient was clearly diagnosed as adult-onset dystonia and given treatment to reduce blood glucose and improve muscle metabolism. The A3796G mutation in the ND1 subunit of the mitochondrial complex leading to ophthalmoplegia is relatively rare, requiring a combination with genetic testing for confirmation of diagnosis.

[Knockdown of long non-coding RNA MIR4697 host gene inhibits adipogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells].

OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MIR4697 host gene (MIR4697HG) in regulating the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: For adipogenic differentiation, BMSCs were induced in adipogenic media for 10 days. The mRNA expression levels of lncRNA MIR4697HG and adipogenic marker genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhanced binding protein α (CEBP/α) and adiponectin (ADIPQ) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at different time points (0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 days). The MIR4697HG stable knockdown-BMSC cell line was generated by infection of MIR4697HG shRNA-containing lentiviruses. To avoid off-target effect, two target sequences (shMIR4697HG-1, shMIR4697HG-2) were designed. And then cells were induced to differentiate in adipogenic medium. Oil red O staining, Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the effect of MIR4697HG knockdown on adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. RESULTS: The mRNA expression level of MIR4697HG was significantly increased during adipogenic differentiation (P < 0.01), and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs was evidenced by upregulated mRNA levels of specific adipogenesis-related genes including PPARγ, CEBP/α and ADIPQ. Observed by fluorescence microscopy, more than 90% transfected target cells expressed green fluorescent protein successfully after shMIR4697HG-1 group, shMIR4697HG-2 group and shNC group transfection for 72 h. And the transfection efficiency of MIR4697HG examined by qRT-PCR was above 60%. Then the BMSCs were treated with adipogenic media for 7 days and showed that the mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes including PPARγ, CEBP/α and ADIPQ were significantly decreased in the MIR4697HG knockdown group (P < 0.01), while the expression levels of PPARγ and CEBP/α proteins were decreased remarkably as well (P < 0.01). Consistently, MIR4697HG knockdown BMSCs formed less lipid droplets compared with the control BMSCs, which further demonstrated that MIR4697HG knockdown inhibited adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. CONCLUSION: lncRNA MIR4697HG played a crucial role in regulating the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and MIR4697HG knockdown significantly inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. These data may suggest that lncRNA MIR4697HG could serve as a therapeutic potential target for the aberrant adipogenic differentiation-associated disorders including osteoporosis.

[The value of CMR high-risk attributes in predicting ventricular remodeling in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction].

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of a multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) approach for ventricular remodeling in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with mildly reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study. STEMI patients with acute LVEF>40% after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from October 2019 to September 2021 were enrolled. All patients received acute (3-7 days) and follow-up (3 months) CMR post-PCI. According to absence or presence of ventricular remodeling, patients were divided into ventricular remodeling group and non-ventricular remodeling group. Basic clinical characteristics and CMR indicators were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to explore the predictive performance of CMR high-risk attributes for ventricular remodeling in STEMI patients with mildly reduced or preserved LVEF. The predictive value of combining multiple high-risk characteristics of CMR for ventricular remodeling was analyzed and compared with the traditional clinical risk factor model. Results: A total of 123 STEMI patients were enrolled (aged (57.1±11.1) years, 102 (82.9%) males). There were 97 cases (78.9%) patients in the non-ventricular remodeling group and 26 cases (21.1%) in the ventricular remodeling group. After adjustment for clinical risk factors, stroke volume<51.6 ml, global circumferential strain>-13.7%, infarct size>39.2%, microvascular obstruction>0.5%, and myocardial salvage index<43.9 were independently associated with ventricular remodeling in STEMI patients with mildly reduced or preserved LVEF. The incidence of ventricular remodeling increased with the increasing number of CMR high-risk attributes (P<0.01). The number of CMR high-risk attributes ≥3 was an independent predictor of adverse remodeling (adjusted OR=5.95, 95 CI%: 2.25-15.72, P<0.01) in STEMI patients with mildly reduced or preserved LVEF. Furthermore, the number of CMR high-risk attributes had incremental predictive value over baseline clinical risk factors (area under curve: 0.843 vs. 0.696, P<0.01). Conclusions: In STEMI patients with mild reduced or preserved LVEF, 5 CMR characteristics are associated with ventricular remodeling. The combination of ≥3 CMR high-risk characteristics is an independent predictor of ventricular remodeling, which has incremental predictive value beyond traditional risk factors in this patient cohort.

[Early effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and factors related to early outcome in adult patients with fulminant myocarditis].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy within the first 24 h post extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation (ECMO) and the impact of early efficacy on the prognosis of adult patients with fulminant myocarditis (FM). Methods: This retrospective case analysis study included hospitalized patients (age≥18 years) who were diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis from November 2016 to May 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were divided into survival or non-survival groups according to treatment outcomes. The age, sex, treatments, drug use, ECMO use, clinical and laboratory data (before and 24 h after the use of ECMO) were analyzed. The change rate of clinical and laboratory data after 24 h use of ECMO was calculated to find differences between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors with in-hospital death and complication between the two groups. Results: A total of 38 FM patients treated with ECMO were included. There were 23 cases (60.5%) in the survival group, aged (39.6±13.7) years, and 17 (73.9%) cases were female. The total ECMO time was (134.4±71.3)h. There were 15 cases (39.5%) in non-survival group, aged (40.0±15.8) years, and there were 12(80.0%) female, the ECMO time was (120.1±72.4) h in this group. The proportion of tracheal intubation and continuous renal replacement therapy in the survivor group and dosage of norepinephrine within 24 h after ECMO implantation were significantly less than in non-survival group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in all efficacy related biochemical indexes between two groups before ECMO use. The levels of lactic acid, procalcitonin, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide prosoma were significantly less in survival group than in non-survival group at 24 h after the use of ECMO (all P<0.05). Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher 24 h change rate of creatinine (OR=0.587, 95%CI 0.349-0.986, P=0.044) and creatine kinase-MB (OR=0.177, 95%CI 0.037-0.841, P=0.029) were positively correlated with reduced risk of in-hospital mortality. The central hemorrhage and acute kidney injury in survival group were less than in non-survivor group (P<0.05). Conclusions: After 24 h early use of ECMO in FM patients, the improvement of various efficacy related biochemical test indexes in the survival group was better than that in the non-survival group. Faster reduction of creatine kinase-MB and creatinine values within 24 h ECMO use is positively correlated with reduced risk of in-hospital mortality in adult patients with FM.

First Detection of sub-PeV Diffuse Gamma Rays from the Galactic Disk: Evidence for Ubiquitous Galactic Cosmic Rays beyond PeV Energies.

We report, for the first time, the long-awaited detection of diffuse gamma rays with energies between 100 TeV and 1 PeV in the Galactic disk. Particularly, all gamma rays above 398 TeV are observed apart from known TeV gamma-ray sources and compatible with expectations from the hadronic emission scenario in which gamma rays originate from the decay of π^{0}'s produced through the interaction of protons with the interstellar medium in the Galaxy. This is strong evidence that cosmic rays are accelerated beyond PeV energies in our Galaxy and spread over the Galactic disk.

Gamma-Ray Observation of the Cygnus Region in the 100-TeV Energy Region.

We report observations of gamma-ray emissions with energies in the 100-TeV energy region from the Cygnus region in our Galaxy. Two sources are significantly detected in the directions of the Cygnus OB1 and OB2 associations. Based on their positional coincidences, we associate one with a pulsar PSR J2032+4127 and the other mainly with a pulsar wind nebula PWN G75.2+0.1, with the pulsar moving away from its original birthplace situated around the centroid of the observed gamma-ray emission. This work would stimulate further studies of particle acceleration mechanisms at these gamma-ray sources.

[Related factors of left ventricular thrombus formation within two weeks in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and left ventricular aneurysm].

Objective: To investigate the related factors of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation within two weeks in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and left ventricular aneurysm (LVA). Methods: Consecutive inpatients with acute STEMI and left ventricular aneurysm, hospitalized from January 2014 to June 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into LVT group and non-LVT group according to the presence or absence of LVT. The clinical data, echocardiography findings, coronary angiography and treatments were compared between the two groups. Subgroup analysis was performed on the patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Onset to door, door to balloon, onset to balloon time were also compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of LVT formation early post STEMI in enrolled patients. The effects of each index in multivariate logistic regression analysis were illustrated in the forest plot. Results: A total of 144 patients were included, there were 52 cases (36.1%) in LVT group, the age was (56.4±11.2) years, and 46 (88.5%) cases were male. There were 92 cases (63.9%) in non-LVT group, the age was (61.7±11.5) years, and there were 73 (79.3%) males in this group. The patients in LVT group were younger than those in non-LVT group, the proportion of anemia, history of heavy drinking, history of chronic kidney disease, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, preoperative thrombosis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) blood flow grade 0 and postoperative TIMI blood flow grade ≤2 were significantly higher in LVT group than those in non-LVT group (all P<0.05). The incidence of history of angina, collateral circulation of the coronary arteries, primary PCI or venous thrombolysis were significantly lower in LVT group than those in non-LVT group (all P<0.05). The percentage of anti-platelet therapy and anticoagulant therapy was similar between the two groups (all P˃0.05). Subgroup analysis in patients undergoing primary PCI showed that onset to door, door to balloon, onset to balloon time were similar between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and forest plot showed that history of heavy drinking (OR=6.982, 95%CI 1.501-32.469, P=0.013), anemia (OR=3.373, 95%CI 1.075-10.585, P=0.037), LVEF≤40% (OR=3.016, 95%CI 1.027-8.859, P=0.045), preoperative TIMI blood flow grade 0 (OR=3.311, 95%CI 1.214-9.029, P=0.019) were positively correlated with LVT in patients with acute STEMI and LVA. History of angina (OR=0.159, 95%CI 0.058-0.441, P<0.001), collateral circulation of the coronary arteries (OR=0.189, 95%CI 0.053-0.673, P=0.010), primary PCI or venous thrombolysis (OR=0.252, 95%CI 0.093-0.682, P=0.007) were negatively correlated with LVT in patients with acute STEMI and LVA. Conclusions: History of heavy drinking, anemia, LVEF ≤40%, preoperative TIMI blood flow grade 0 are associated with increased risk of the LVT in patients with acute STEMI and LVA at early stage of the disease. However, history of angina, collateral circulation of the coronary arteries, primary PCI or venous thrombolysis are associated with lower risk of the LVT in these patients.

[Cognitive function and cerebral blood perfusion changes in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis].

Objective: To investigated cognitive and cerebral blood flow changes in a cohort of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Methods: Fifteen patients with confirmed anti-NMDAR encephalitis from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China between June 2015 and February 2019 were included in the study. Meanwhile, another 15 healthy subjects were selected as controls. All participants underwent neuropsychological tests for assessment of the clinical symptoms and arterial spin labeling (ASL) of magnetic resonance perfusion imaging scan were employed to evaluate cerebral perfusion. Then the relationship between changed cerebral blood perfusion and cognitive function was evaluated. Results: Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis showed significantly reduced overall cognitive function (Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA)) than healthy controls (26.5±2.5 vs 28.6±1.9, P=0.015), they also exhibited poorer performance in immediate memory, recognition, attention, language and executive function than healthy controls (P<0.05). However, no significant differences in clinical symptoms, viability, mental state and mood were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis showed significantly reduced total brain cerebral blood flow (CBF) compared with the healthy controls (0.949±0.028 vs 0.953±0.025, P=0.001). Compared with the healthy controls, the patients had decreased CBF in triangular and opercular parts of bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and left central frontal gyrus, however, they showed increased CBF in the left inferior temporal gyrus and left fusiform gyrus (all P<0.05). In NMDAR group, the CBF in left central anterior gyrus was negatively correlated with Stroop's Color Word-word (r=-0.68, P=0.005). The CBF in left spindle gyrus was positively correlated with Stroop's Color Word-word (r=0.62, P=0.015) and completion time of color trail test-A (r=0.81, P<0.001), respectively, however, it was negatively correlated with Chinese Auditory Verbal Learning Test-immediate (r=-0.59, P=0.020) and Verbal Fluency Test-animals (r=-0.58, P=0.024), respectively. Conclusions: Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis have prevalent cognitive deficits such as memory, language, attention and executive dysfunction as well as changes in blood perfusion, which may be related to cognitive deficits. Changes in cerebral blood perfusion can be used as indicators for early diagnosis, disease monitoring and prognosis evaluation of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Improving the cerebral blood flow of patients may promote the recovery of cognition.

[CT manifestations and prognosis of acute paraquat induced lung injury].

Objective: To investigate the CT features of lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning and its relationship with prognosis, and to provide reference for the judgment of the condition and prognosis of paraquat poisoning. Methods: 146 cases of paraquat poisoning patients were treated in the Third People's Hospital of Xuzhou City from January 2013 to April 2016. The cases were divided into mild group, moderate-severe group and fulminant group according to the concentration of paraquat in urine. The clinical data and CT imaging findings were analyzed and reconstructed in three-dimensional reconstruction. The extent of the lesion was observed and the relationship between CT and prognosis was explored. Results: Paraquat lung injury has many manifestations on CT images, and it's performance can be intersecting at the same time. Early lesions lighter cases, late CT imaging lesions can be completely absorbed or residual fibrosis, the prognosis was good; the early lesion was pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion cases, the late CT image was usually pleural thickening and bronchiectasis, the prognosis was relatively good; early lesions were large patches of ground glass opacity cases, finally, pulmonary fibrosis was common, the mortality rate of 56.57%. There were significant differences in the extent of lung injury between different groups (P<0.001) , and the difference in mortality was statistically significant when the lung injury was different (P<0.001) . Multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that ground-glass opacity (OR value=2.013) , interstitial lung fibrosis (OR=3.779) and mediastinal emphysema (OR=33.118) were risk factors for death of lung injury caused by paraquat poisoning (P<0.05) . Conclusion: There were many manifestations on CT images of paraquat lung injury, and the manifestations of paraquat lung injury can be intersecting at the same time. The pulmonary manifestations and outcomes of different paraquat types were different. The CT manifestations of lung injury in paraquat poisoning were mainly exudative changes at early stage, and can be gradually absorbed or evolved into interstitial changes at later stage. The cumulative damage range can be used as a reference for evaluating the prognosis. Ground-glass opacity, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and mediastinal emphysema are the risk factors for death of lung injury caused by paraquat poisoning.

Key space enhancement of optical chaos secure communication: chirped FBG feedback semiconductor laser.

Optical chaos communication has advantages of high speed and long transmission distance. Unfortunately, the key space of the traditional transceiver, i.e. semiconductor laser with mirror feedback, is limited due to the time delay signature. In this paper, we propose and numerically demonstrate a key space enhancement by using semiconductor laser with optical feedback from a chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The chirped FBG feedback can make feedback delay a key parameter by eliminating the time delay signature. Moreover, the grating dispersion and center frequency can also be used as new keys. As a result, the dimension of key space is increased. By taking a bidirectional communication scheme as an example, numerical results show that the key space is raised by 244 times as against mirror feedback with a data rate of 2.5 Gb/s and a coupling strength of 0.447. As the coupling strength decreases, the key space increases due to the fact that chaos synchronization becomes more sensitive to parameter mismatch.

Functional analysis of female-biased odorant binding protein 6 for volatile and nonvolatile host compounds in Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze).

The polyphagous mirid bug Adelphocoris lineolatus relies heavily on olfactory cues to track suitable host plants. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular basis of its olfactory detection could contribute to the development of effective pest management strategies. In the present study, we report the expression profile of the odorant binding protein gene A. lineolatus odorant binding protein 6 (AlinOBP6). Quantitative real-time PCR experiments suggest that AlinOBP6 is female adult antennae-biased. Cellular immunolocalization analyses show that AlinOBP6 is highly expressed in the lymph of both multiporous sensilla basiconica and uniporous sensilla chaetica. A ligand binding analysis showed that recombinant AlinOBP6 not only bound tightly to host plant volatile compounds but also to nonvolatile compounds. Homology modelling and molecular docking analyses confirmed these unusual ligand binding profiles and revealed that the amino acid residues involved in the recognition of volatile and nonvolatile compounds are distinct. The results of our study are the first to suggest that an antenna- and female-biased OBP in an hemipteran insect is expressed in both olfactory and gustatory sensilla as a mechanism to respond to volatile and nonvolatile host compounds. These findings warrant further research into the molecular mechanisms of chemosensation for mirid bugs in responsive to host plant location.

Identification and characterization of the distinct expression profiles of candidate chemosensory membrane proteins in the antennal transcriptome of Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze).

Chemosensory membrane proteins, including odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), gustatory receptors (GRs) and sensory neurone membrane proteins (SNMPs), are supposed to be crucial macromolecules in the insect olfactory signal transduction pathway. The alfalfa plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is highly attracted to high-nitrogen or flowering plants and destroys many important agricultural crops. We assembled the antennal transcriptome of A. lineolatus using Illumina sequencing technology and identified a total of 108 transcripts encoding chemosensory membrane proteins (88 ORs, 12 IRs, four GRs and four SNMPs), amongst which 90 candidates appeared to be full length. Subsequently, both semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR and quantitative real-time PCR experiments were performed to investigate their tissue- and sex-biased expression profiles. The results showed that nearly all of the 108 candidate chemosensory membrane protein genes were largely expressed in adult antennae, and some genes additionally displayed significant differences in the expression levels between sexes. The results of our phylogenetic analysis and the detailed tissue- and sex-biased expression characteristics given here provide an important foundation for further understanding of the complex chemoreception system of the alfalfa plant bug and other Hemiptera species, which also could help us use chemosensory membrane proteins as targets to manipulate insect olfactory behaviour and broaden the applications of available tools for insect pest control.

Gene structure and expression characteristic of a novel odorant receptor gene cluster in the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

Odorant receptors (ORs) expressed in the antennae of parasitoid wasps are responsible for detection of various lipophilic airborne molecules. In the present study, 107 novel OR genes were identified from Microplitis mediator antennal transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis of the set of OR genes from M. mediator and Microplitis demolitor revealed that M. mediator OR (MmedOR) genes can be classified into different subfamilies, and the majority of MmedORs in each subfamily shared high sequence identities and clear orthologous relationships to M. demolitor ORs. Within a subfamily, six MmedOR genes, MmedOR98, 124, 125, 126, 131 and 155, shared a similar gene structure and were tightly linked in the genome. To evaluate whether the clustered MmedOR genes share common regulatory features, the transcription profile and expression characteristics of the six closely related OR genes were investigated in M. mediator. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR experiments revealed that the OR genes within the cluster were transcribed as single mRNAs, and a bicistronic mRNA for two adjacent genes (MmedOR124 and MmedOR98) was also detected in female antennae by reverse transcription PCR. In situ hybridization experiments indicated that each OR gene within the cluster was expressed in a different number of cells. Moreover, there was no co-expression of the two highly related OR genes, MmedOR124 and MmedOR98, which appeared to be individually expressed in a distinct population of neurons. Overall, there were distinct expression profiles of closely related MmedOR genes from the same cluster in M. mediator. These data provide a basic understanding of the olfactory coding in parasitoid wasps.

Protective Effect of Edaravone Against Aß25-35-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Amyloid-ß (Aß)-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies show that Aß accumulation may lead to mitochondrial oxidative damage. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of edaravone on mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cells treated with Aß25-35. SH-SY5Y cells were pre-treated with 20, 40 or 80 µM edaravone before treatment with 25 µM Aß25-35. After 24h cell culture, cellular apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP levels and mitochondrial morphology were evaluated. SH-SY5Y cells exposed to Aß25-35 had high levels of apoptosis and ROS; loss of ΔΨm, decreased ATP levels and presence of mitochondrial swelling. However, these effects were significantly inhibited by edaravone pre-treatment. These results indicate that edaravone prevents mitochondria oxidative damage caused by Aß in SH-SY5Y cells, which suggests that it may have potential clinical application in AD therapy.

Systemic inflammation induces anxiety disorder through CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway.

It is evidenced that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorder, as well as the dysfunction of glutamate neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokine CXCL12 has been reported taking part in the regulation of neurotransmitter release, however, the roles of CXCL12 in the development of anxiety are still unclear. In this study, we found that intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced anxiety-like behaviors in adult mice as measured by elevated plus-maze test (EPM) and open field test (OFT). Astrocytes were responsible for CXCL12 induction upon LPS challenge in hippocampus and amygdala, and microinjection of CXCL12 into amygdala induced mice anxiety-like behaviors. AMD3100, which is an antagonist for CXCL12 receptor CXCR4, prevented the anxiety behaviors induced by microinjection of CXCL12 into amygdala as well as injection i.p of LPS. Knockdown of CXCR4 expression in neurons using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) significantly blocked anxiety behaviors mediated by CXCL12 i.c injection. Furthermore, AMD3100 or shCXCR4 prevented the impairment of nesting ability induced by CXCL12 in mice. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in the neurons of basolateral amygdala (BLA) revealed that CXCL12 enhanced glutamatergic transmission by increasing sEPSC frequency in the amygdala. AMD3100 inhibited the excitatory glutamatergic neural transmission and involved in the development of anxiety through CXCR4. These findings provide direct evidence that alterations of CXCL12 in BLA play critical roles in the development of anxiety induced by systemic inflammation and that CXCR4 may be a potential therapeutic target for inflammation-induced anxiety.

Case Report Identification of a novel SLC45A2 mutation in albinism by targeted next-generation sequencing.

Albinism is a diverse group of hypopigmentary disorders caused by multiple-genetic defects. The genetic diagnosis of patients affected with albinism by Sanger sequencing is often complex, expensive, and time-consuming. In this study, we performed targeted next-generation sequencing to screen for 16 genes in a patient with albinism, and identified 21 genetic variants, including 19 known single nucleotide polymorphisms, one novel missense mutation (c.1456 G>A), and one disease-causing mutation (c.478 G>C). The novel mutation was not observed in 100 controls, and was predicted to be a damaging mutation by SIFT and Polyphen. Thus, we identified a novel mutation in SLC45A2 in a Chinese family, expanding the mutational spectrum of albinism. Our results also demonstrate that targeted next-generation sequencing is an effective genetic test for albinism.

Altered expression of metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in cervical disc herniation patients.

The aim of the current study was to examine matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) expression in patients with cervical disc herniation (CDH). A total of 127 specimens from CDH patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery were obtained for the case group, which was divided into three subgroups: lateral protrusion (N = 102), median protrusion (N = 18), and paramedian protrusion (N = 7). Another 55 specimens from subjects who had cervical spine trauma and underwent spinal canal decompression were obtained for the control group. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for pathological diagnosis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was used to determine MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression. Under light microscopy, MMP-2-positive cells presented brown-yellow or dark brown staining in the cell membrane or cytoplasm. MMP-2 expression in the case group was significantly higher than that in controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MMP-2 expression in the lateral and median protrusion groups was significantly higher compared to that in the paramedian protrusion group (both P < 0.05), while there was no apparent difference in MMP-2 expression between the lateral and median protrusion groups (P > 0.05). IHC results showed that TIMP-2 expression in cases was significantly lower than that in controls (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that MMP- 2 was negatively correlated with TIMP-2 expression (r = -0.418, P < 0.001). In conclusion, MMP-2 expression increased, whereas TIMP- 2 expression decreased in CDH patients, suggesting that MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression may contribute to CDH development.

[Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß in development of severe hepatitis liver failure caused by hepatitis B virus].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK3ß) in the development of severe hepatitis liver failure (SHLF) caused by the hepatitis B virus. METHODS: Twelve patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (CHB group), 12 patients with SHLF caused by hepatitis B virus (SHLF group), and 8 normal subjects (control group), who were admitted to Beijing You'an Hospital from January 2009 to December 2011, were included in this study. Their liver tissues were collected to do some clinical examinations. The GSK3ß activity in the liver tissue was detected with a GSK3ß activity assay kit. Western blot was used to determine the expression of p-GSK3, total GSK3, and -actin. The paraffin sections of liver tissue were prepared for immunofluorescence assay. All data were expressed as mean±standard deviation, and comparison between groups was made by least significant difference t test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Western blot results showed that compared with the control group, the CHB group had a higher level of p-GSK3ß and the SHLF group had a significantly lower level of p-GSK3ß (P = 0.0342). The immunofluorescence assay results showed that the SHLF group had a significantly lower level of p-GSK3ß than the control group. GSK3ß activity assay results showed that compared with the control group, the CHB group had a significantly lower GSK3ß activity and the SHLF group had a significantly higher GSK3ß activity (P = 0.0289), which were consistent with the results of Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. CONCLUSION: GSK3 is activated in the development of SHLF, so it is an important signaling molecule in the pathogenesis of SHLF. Inhibiting its activity may play a role in the prevention and treatment of SHLF.

[Clinical application study of non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of the pneumoconiosis patients with chronic type â ¡ respiratory failure].

Objective: To observe the effect of early intervention and intermittent application of bi level positive air-way pressure ventilation (BiPAP) in patients with pneumoconiosis combined with chronic respiratory failure. Methods: Will meet the diagnostic criteria of pneumoconiosis in GBZ70-2009< >, the blood gas analysis in patients with chronic type II re-spiratory failure in 62 cases were randomly divided into rehabilitation treatment group 32 cases, control group of 30 cases. Pa-tients in the observation group were treated by on-invasive ventilation, while the control group were treated by the convention-al treatment. The data such as arterial blood gas、pulmonary function、the grade about dyspnea and echocardiography was col-lected from the both group before the beginning of the treatment and after the three months. Results: the PaO2 level、FEV1.0、FEV1.0%、the grade of dyspnea and the Right Ventricular Ejection Fractions were not significantly different between the experi-mental group and the control before the start of the treatment (P>0.05) . After the three month treatment, the PaO2 level of the observation was significantly lower the control (P<0.05) . The data about FEV1.0、FEV1.0% and the Right Ventricular Ejection Fractions were higher than the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Non-invasive ventilation has exactly effect in the treat-ment of the pneumoconiosis patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure. It can improve the function of the heart and lung and ease the pain of patients.