Liver stiffness as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma behavior in patients with hepatitis C related liver cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND: Risk stratification and prognostication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) help to improve patient outcome. Herein we investigated the role of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in the prediction of HCC behavior. METHODS: Totally 121 naïve patients with HCC were included. HCC radiological evaluation and staging were done. LSM was measured using virtual touch quantification. Patients were divided into early to intermediate HCC (BCLC-0, A and B) and late HCC (BCLCC and D). HCC was treated according to the BCLC stage. HCC recurrence-free interval was estimated. RESULTS: The mean LSM inside the tumor was significantly lower than the peri-tumoral area and the cirrhotic non-cancerous liver parts (P < 0.001). In late HCCs stage, the mean LSM inside the tumor and in the peri-tumoral tissue was lower than the corresponding values in the early to intermediate HCCs stage (P < 0.001). LSM inside the tumor and in the peri-tumoral tissue negatively correlated with serum AFP, tumor vascular invasion, and stage (P < 0.05). The recurrence-free interval was directly correlated to LSM inside the tumor and inversely to LSM in cirrhotic non tumorous liver part. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the recurrence-free interval was significantly longer in patients with LSM inside the tumor of ≥1.25 m/s compared to those with LSM inside the tumor of <1.25 m/s. CONCLUSIONS: LSM can serve as a potential non-invasive predictor for HCC clinical behavior and the recurrence-free interval following loco-regional treatments.

Efficacy of Vonoprazan vs. Pantoprazole or Non-acid Suppression in Prevention of Post-variceal Ligation Ulcer Bleeding in Portal Hypertension: A Multi-arm Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Up-to-date data about the role of acid suppression therapy e.g. proton-pump inhibitors; to reduce post-endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) ulcer-bleeding are conflicting. Vonoprazan; a recently introduced potassium-competitor acid blocker, has not been studied to prevent post-EVL ulcer/bleeding. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of vonoprazan vs. pantoprazole or non-acid suppression to prevent post-EVL ulcer/bleeding in portal hypertension patients. Material and methods: We enrolled 275 portal hypertension patients undergoing EVL in a three-arm randomized, single-blind, controlled study. A clinico-laboratory baseline evaluation was performed. Following EVL, patients were randomly and equally assigned to receive vonoprazan 20mg once daily, pantoprazole 40 mg once daily, or no acid suppression therapy. Post-EVL ulcer bleeding, ulcer dimensions, odynophagia as well as vonoprazan safety were evaluated after 2 weeks of EVL. Results: Post-EVL ulcer bleeding occurred among 2.15% of vonoprazan, 8.7% of pantoprazole, and 14.2% of the non-acid suppression groups (P < 0.001). Post-ligation ulcer frequency and dimensions were higher among non-acid suppression and pantoprazole groups vs. vonoprazan (P < 0.05). Chest pain and odynophagia were encountered among 73.6% and 54.9% of the non-acid suppression group vs. 39.6% and 45.1% in pantoprazole, and 17.2% and 21.5% in vonoprazan groups, respectively (P < 0.05). There were no vonoprazan-related adverse events. Non-use of vonoprazan was the strongest independent predictor for post-EVL bleeding. Conclusion: Short course of vonoprazan 20 mg/day is safe and superior to pantoprazole 40 mg/day in the reduction of post-EVL ulcer dimensions at 2 weeks post-EVL, and prevention of ulcer-related bleeding. Acid suppression is superior to no acid suppression to prevent post-EVL complications.

Efficacy of Lactoferrin with Standard Triple Therapy or Sequential Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Bovine lactoferrin addition to regimens of Helicobacter pylori treatment has been tried, with conflicting results. AIM: To assess the effect of bovine lactoferrin in addition to the anti-H. pylori treatment. METHODS: We enrolled 400 H. pylori-infected patients who were randomized into 4 equal groups: (A): proton-pump-based triple therapy (PpTT) for 2 weeks, (B): sequential therapy for 2 weeks, (C): proton-pump-based triple therapy plus bovine lactoferrin for 2 weeks, and (D): sequential therapy plus bovine lactoferrin for 2 weeks. RESULTS: In the per-protocol analysis, the success in groups A, B, C, and D were 70.3%, 82.8%, 85.6%, and 94.5%, respectively (P < .001). The treatment success rate for the sequential therapy plus bovine lactoferrin regimen was significantly higher than that with sequential therapy alone (94.5% vs. 82.8%, P = .013). The same applied for proton-pump-based triple therapy (85.6% vs. 70.3%, P = .014). The addition of bovine lactoferrin and the presence of endoscopic corpus gastritis were independent predictors for successful eradication of H. pylori. CONCLUSION: Bovine lactoferrin could hasten the effectiveness of the proton-pump-based triple therapy or sequential therapy for H. pylori eradication.