The effect of participation in support groups on retirement syndrome in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Retirement and aging are phenomena that often occur simultaneously and lead to various physical and psychological changes in older adults. Retirement syndrome consists of symptoms such as feelings of emptiness, loneliness, uselessness, lack of clear understanding of future conditions and dissatisfaction with one's performance after retirement. This phenomenon requires interventions to adapt to these changes. Considering the supportive role of nurses, the formation of support groups as an effective intervention in adapting to transitional stages is emphasized. AIMS: This study aims to investigate the effect of older adults' participation in support groups on retirement syndrome. METHODS: This Quasi-experimental study recruited a total of 80 retired older adults meeting the inclusion criteria from three Retirement Associations (Retirement centers for social security retirees are among the institutions that have been set up by the government and this organization to provide face-to-face and offline services to social security retirees, as well as providing some facilities to this segment of the society). in Iran, Research samples were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The demographic questionnaire and retirement syndrome questionnaire were completed by both groups at the beginning of the study. Then, four support group sessions lasting 60 to 90 min were held twice a week for the support group, and eight weeks after the end of the intervention, the questionnaires were completed for both groups. The data were analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS version 16. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 for all tests. RESULTS: The results of the covariance analysis showed that after the intervention, the feelings of helplessness and failure (p < 0.001), feelings of older and idleness (p = 0.027), and feelings of confusion and conflict (p = 0.002) were significantly less in the support group compared to the control group. In addition, the Feeling of trying and new direction (p < 0.001) was higher after the intervention. The paired t-test results showed that in the support group, the feelings of helplessness and failure (p < 0.001), feelings of older and idleness (p = 0.004), and feelings of confusion and conflict (p < 0.001) significantly decreased after the intervention compared to before it, while the feelings of trying and new direction (p = 0.004) significantly increased. Therefore, the results showed that after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in all components of the retirement syndrome. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that participation of retired older adults in support groups can significantly improve all components of retirement syndrome, leading to an improvement in their quality of life and satisfaction.

Missed nursing care in emergency departments: a cross-sectional descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Missed care refers to the omission or delay in performing any aspect of patient's care (either a part of the care or the entire care). Currently, missed care has become a growing concern at the international level, which threatens the quality and safety of care and cases many unwanted consequences. This study aims to investigate the frequency and types of missed nursing care in the emergency departments of selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive- observational study that was conducted with the aim of determining the frequency and types of missed nursing care in the emergency departments of selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences from January 2020 to June 2020. The research community included all nursing care offered in the designated areas, as well as all nurses working in the emergency departments of selected hospitals. Finally, 146 nurses were selected by census method. The information was collected by self-reporting method and the researcher's observation. Demographic information questionnaire, a researcher-made checklist were used to determine the frequency and types of missed nursing care. 384 observations were made for each item. Descriptive statistics methods were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The area of checking equipment and emergency trolley(mean = 81.80) had the lowest and the area of patient communication(mean = 55.72) had the highest level of missed care. CONCLUSIONS: The level of missed nursing care in the emergency departments of selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences was found to be high and the highest amount was related to the field of communication with the patient. Therefore, it is recommended that the details of missed nursing care in each area should be considered by nursing managers.

Mother's milk-mother's gift: Mobile-based training to increase self-efficacy of nursing women during postpartum and puerperium: A quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months followed by continued breastfeeding with complementary food up to 2 years of age or beyond. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mobile -based education on the self-efficacy of lactating women in the postpartum period. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in 2018 in Shirvan, Iran among 69 postpartum women. Participants were assigned to intervention (n = 33) and control (n = 36) groups on the first day after delivery by random allocation. Intervention group received the mobile-based training for 4 weeks in the form of text messages, photos, video clips, and audio files. The control group received routine hospital care and training. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, delivery information, and the breastfeeding self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was measured in two groups at three time points; the first day after delivery, 4 weeks after delivery and 8 weeks after delivery. FINDINGS: The mean and standard deviation of breastfeeding self-efficacy score was higher in the intervention than control group 4 weeks (155.30 ± 10.93 vs 132.52 ± 19.70, P < 0.001) and 8 weeks after delivery (160.18 ± 11.33 vs 132.30 ± 24.09, P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the intervention group was significantly higher 4 and 8 weeks after the delivery (Pall < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The findings from this study showed a substantial increase in breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding in the group who received training through mobile-based education compared to the group that received routine care. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Mobile-based breastfeeding education might be a promising strategy to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy. It is suggested that midwives include the design of mobile-based educational programs as part of their educational strategies and use the advantages of this educational method during pregnancy and after childbirth. TRAIL REGISTRATION: This article has been registered in Iran's Clinical Trial Center with the code: 2 N20171024036972 IRCT.

Effectiveness of Peer-Based and Conventional Video Education in Reducing Perioperative Depression and Anxiety Among Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with potential adverse effects on surgical outcomes. Effective interventions to reduce depression and anxiety in these patients are therefore warranted. This study investigated the effectiveness of peer-based video education compared to conventional video education in reducing perioperative depression and anxiety in CABG patients. DESIGN: A three-arm, parallel, randomized, controlled trial design was employed. METHODS: A total of 114 participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (n = 38 per group): standard education (control), conventional video education, and peer-based video education. State anxiety levels were measured using the Spielberger State Anxiety Questionnaire at 1 day before surgery (baseline), 1 hour before surgery, and 4 weeks after surgery. Depression levels were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory Short-Form at baseline and 4 weeks after surgery. Statistical analyses, including χ2, Fisher's exact test, one-way analysis of variance, and repeated-measures analysis of variance, were applied to analyze the collected data. FINDINGS: Both peer-based and conventional video education groups demonstrated lower preoperative anxiety levels compared to the control group. However, only the peer-based video education group exhibited a statistically significant difference (P < .05). Four weeks after surgery, anxiety and depression levels decreased in all participants compared to baseline, with no statistically significant differences among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that peer-based video education is more effective in controlling preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing CABG than conventional video education and standard education. Moreover, video-based education, whether conventional or peer-based, appears to be as effective as standard education in reducing anxiety and depression 4 weeks after CABG surgery. Further research is warranted to investigate the influence of content and presentation methods on patient outcomes and explore the potential long-term benefits of video-based education in promoting patient care.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on contraceptive methods, abortion, and unintended pregnancy: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: By creating an international emergency, the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to compromised reproductive health care, including family planning services, and thus increased unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. This study was conducted to compare methods of contraception, abortion, and unintended pregnancies in those served by the health centers of Babol city in Iran, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 425 participants registered to the health centers of Babol city, Mazandaran province, Iran. Using a multi-stage method, 6 urban health centers and 10 rural centers were selected for inclusion. Proportional allocation method was used for sampling those who met the inclusion criteria. A questionnaire was used to collect data in relation to individual characteristics and reproductive behaviors via 6 questions focused upon methods and preparation of contraception, number and type of abortions, and number and causes of unintended pregnancy from July to November 2021. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Significance level was considered to be p < 0.05 in all tests. RESULTS: Most participants aged between 20 and 29 years old had a diploma level of education, were housewives and lived in the city. Prior to the pandemic, 32.0% used modern contraceptive methods and 31.6% used these during the pandemic. No change in the combination of contraceptive methods used was observed between these two periods. Approximately two-thirds used the withdrawal method in both periods. The majority of participants in both periods purchased their contraceptives from a pharmacy. Unintended pregnancy increased from 20.4% prior to the pandemic to 25.4% during the pandemic. Abortions increased from 19.1% prior to the pandemic to 20.9% during the pandemic, although these findings were not found to be statistically significant. Contraceptive methods had a statistically significant relationship with age, education, spouse's education, spouse's occupation, and place of residence. The number of unintended pregnancies had a significant relationship with age, the educational level of both participants and their spouses and socio-economic status, and the number of abortions had a statistically significant relationship with the age and education level of the spouse (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Despite there being no change in contraceptive methods compared to the pre-pandemic period, an increase in the number of unintended pregnancies, abortions and illegal abortions was observed. This may be indicative of an unmet need for family planning services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Knowledge and beliefs about oocyte cryopreservation for medical and social reasons in female students: a cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing number of young women surviving cancer and a growing trend among highly educated women to postpone childbearing for educational or professional pursuits, there is a rising demand for egg freezing services to ensure a successful pregnancy. This study aims to assess the knowledge and beliefs surrounding oocyte cryopreservation, both for medical and social reasons, among female students in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was carried out from March to August of 2022, involving a total of 1279 childless students pursuing master's and doctoral degrees at universities in Tehran. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 38. Knowledge and beliefs about medical and social oocyte cryopreservation were assessed through Fertility Preservation Survey (FPS) instrument. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 26.38 ± 4.9. The majority of students expected to be "30-34 years" when they become pregnant with their first child (41.1%, M: 30.3 ± 4.13 years) and "35-39 years" when they give birth to their last child (46.7%, M: 35.28 ± 4.18 years). The students agreed with preserving fertility with medical (93.3%) and social (86.9%) indications and believed the medical (95.1%) and social (87.4%) costs of cryopreservation should be covered by the healthcare system. Among the participants, 75.6% considered cost to be a definite or probable factor in their decision to pursue fertility preservation. The oncology team's recommendation was identified as the most important factor in deciding on medical egg freezing (92.6%, M: 3.46 ± 0.71). The overall correct response rate for the knowledge questions was 57.7%. The majority of participants (95.5%) agreed that physicians should routinely provide information about egg freezing to women of childbearing age during their regular healthcare visits. CONCLUSIONS: The research results revealed that female students in Tehran universities have a positive attitude towards medical and social egg freezing, but lack sufficient knowledge about the ideal timing of childbearing. Health professionals could provide detailed information about fertility preservation and age-related infertility as part of routine healthcare visits or reproductive health planning. Additionally, expanding supportive policies and incentives for childbearing established by the government to cover the costs of fertility preservation would be beneficial.

Comparing reproductive intentions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Reproductive behaviors and intentions are affected by several factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the intention to reproduce and its causes in Iran during the period prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This descriptive-comparative study included 425 cisgender women from 6 urban health centers and 10 rural centers in Babol city, Mazandaran province, Iran. Urban and rural health centers were selected using a multi-stage approach with proportional allocation. A questionnaire was used to collect data in relation to individual characteristics and reproductive intentions. RESULTS: Most participants aged between 20 and 29 years had a diploma level of education, were housewives and lived in the city. The intention to reproduce decreased from 11.4% before the pandemic to 5.4% during the pandemic (p = 0.006). The most common reason for wanting to have children prior to the pandemic was not having children (54.2%). During the pandemic, a desire to reach the ideal number of children was the most common reason to want to have children (59.1%), though no statistically significant difference was observed between the two periods (p = 0.303). The most common reason for not wanting to have children in both periods was having enough children already (45.2% before and 40.9% during the pandemic). The reasons for not wanting to have children had a statistically significant difference between the two periods (p < 0.001). Reproductive intentions had a statistically significant relationship with the variables of age (p < 0.001), the education level of both participants (p < 0.001) and spouses (p = 0.006), occupation (p = 0.004), and socio-economic status (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite restrictions and lockdowns, the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on people's desire to reproduce in this context. Economic problems caused by the sanctions which increased during the COVID-19 crisis may be one of the reasons for a reduction in people's intentions to become parents. Future research could usefully investigate whether this decrease in the desire to reproduce will lead to significant changes in population level and future birth rates.

The relationship between mental fatigue and social responsibility among nurses who provided care to patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mental fatigue (MF) was a major challenge for nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nurses' sense of responsibility towards their patients and societies may influence their MF. This study aimed to assess the relationship between MF and social responsibility (SR) among nurses who provided care to patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2021. Participants were 258 nurses randomly selected from eleven COVID-19 care hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using three self-report instruments, namely a demographic questionnaire, the Mental Fatigue Scale, and the Social Responsibility Questionnaire. The SPSS software (v. 16.0) was used to analyze the data at a significance level of less than 0.05. RESULTS: The mean scores of MF and SR were 31.73 ± 7.35 and 3.45 ± 0.35, respectively. The highest and the lowest scored SR subscales were ethical responsibilities with a mean of 3.67 ± 0.42 and economic responsibilities with a mean of 2.93 ± 0.62. MF had a significant negative correlation with legal responsibilities and a significant positive correlation with economic responsibilities (P < 0.05). The only significant predictor of SR was financial status which significantly predicted 4.3% of the variance of SR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: More than half of the nurses who provided care to patients with COVID-19 suffered from MF and their mental fatigue had a significant correlation with their legal and economic responsibilities. Healthcare authorities and policymakers need to develop programs to reduce nurses' MF and improve their satisfaction.

Workplace incivility and the professional quality of life in nurses.

BACKGROUND: Workplace Incivility is a common issue in the nursing profession. Nurses who are affected by such behaviors may experience distress. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the relationship between workplace incivility and nurses' professional quality of life. RESEARCH DESIGN: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2021 in "Tehran". Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Incivility Scale (NIS), and the Professional Quality Of Life scale (ProQOL). Data analysis was performed through the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, using the SPSS v.16. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: Participants were 200 nurses randomly recruited from selected hospitals of "TUMS". ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The study obtained research ethics approval and all participants were informed of the voluntary and anonymous nature of their participation. FINDINGS: The mean age of participants was 32.30 ± 7.22, and 76.5% were female. There was a significant correlation between the professional quality of life and workplace incivility (r = -0.23, p = .001). Multiple regression analysis between the subscales of workplace incivility and professional quality of life demonstrated that the incivility from the supervisor (ß = -0.29, p = .001) and incivility from patients (ß = -0.27, p < .001) can predict the compassion satisfaction dimension. The incivility from the supervisor (ß = 0.24, p = .001) and incivility from patients (ß = 0.26, p < .001) can explain burnout. The incivility of the patients can explain secondary traumatic stress (ß = 0.14, p = .02). CONCLUSION: This study showed that workplace incivility is significantly related to professional quality of life. Therefore, the reduction of behaviors of incivility can lead to the improvement of the professional quality of life.

Evaluating the Effect of Preoperative Provision of Information on Salivary Cortisol in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study.

PURPOSE: Surgery is considered to be an anxious experience and most patients experience preoperative anxiety. Preoperative awareness has long been one of the most effective ways to reduce fear and anxiety caused by surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative provision of information on salivary cortisol in candidates for breast cancer surgery. DESIGN: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients (divided into control group and intervention group; 40 patients in each group) admitted to the surgery department of the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini hospital in Iran. Samples were selected using random allocation method with a block size of four. Data were collected on participants' demographic characteristics and salivary cortisol. METHODS: The educational intervention for patients in the control group was routine training and for patients in the intervention group was based on the training booklet approved by cancer specialists. Findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. FINDINGS: The mean age of participants in the intervention and control groups was 44.00 ± 11.45 and 42.62 ± 12.83 years, respectively . The mean score of anxiety in the intervention group was 18.85± 6.19 before intervention, and decreased to 7.40± 3.68 after intervention . The mean score of anxiety in the control group was 19.75 ± 7.26 and significantly decreased to 14.25 ± 5.73 at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that preoperative anxiety significantly decreased in both groups, but was lower overall in the intervention group. In fact, using an educational booklet to raise awareness about patients' health, surgery knowledge and postoperative care as well as how to adapt to postsurgery physical changes and to promote psychological support can reduce patients' anxiety. Hence, providing education to patients may be integrated as a complementary method in patients' routine education.

Reproductive health of women with endometriosis: an improving educational intervention based on the planned behavior theory.

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic deliberating disease with devastating effects on reproductive health. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of education based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the reproductive health of women with endometriosis. This research was a randomized controlled trial performed on 71 women with endometriosis (35 intervention and 36 control groups) referred to the infertility clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The educational intervention based on the structures of the TPB was performed in the intervention group in 4 sessions, weekly for 90-120 min. The demographic questionnaire, model constructs questionnaire, and endometriosis reproductive health questionnaire (ERHQ) in both groups were completed in 3 stages (before intervention, 4, and 8 weeks after the intervention). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Results: After the educational intervention, TPB values and overall reproductive health of women with endometriosis improved significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05), while changes were not significant in the control group. Conclusion: The study results showed that education based on the TPB had positive effects on the reproductive health of patients. Trial registration: IRCT20120414009463N64. Registered 21 Jun 2021 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.irct.ir/trial/53341. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43043-023-00129-7.

Association between burnout and nurses' quality of life in neonatal intensive care units: During the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICUs) nurses could suffer from job stress and burnout, which could cause increased turnover rates and decreased Quality of Life (QoL) among nurses. Purpose: To determine the association between burnout and nurses' QoL in NICUs. Study design: This correlational study was performed in 2020 on 140 nurses working in NICUs. The Maslach burnout and WHO Quality of Life-BREF was used to collect data. Results: There is a positive association between personal accomplishment and all dimensions of QoL (r = 0.40 to 0.56) and a negative association between emotional exhaustion, depersonalization of burnout and all dimensions of QoL (r = -0.47 to -0.79). Conclusion: It is suggested that several interventions must be taken to prevent burnout and increased QoL in NICU nurses. The findings could provide scientific evidence for managers and encourage evidence-based decision-making to reduce burnout and improve the QoL of nurses especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Sex Therapy on Improving Sexual Desire Disorder, Sexual Distress, Sexual Self-Disclosure and Sexual Function in Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Sexual desire disorder is the most common form of sexual dysfunction among women and is associated with problems like sexual distress and reduced sexual self-disclosure. As a result, this RCT study was conducted with 70 reproductive-age women in the form of 4 weekly group educational sessions. Compared to the control group, the mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral sex therapy (MBCST) intervention significantly improved sexual -desire, -distress, self-disclosure and -function immediately, 4 and 12 weeks after the educational sessions were completed in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Overall, our findings underscore the significance of the MBCST intervention on improving sexual dysfunction among women.Trial registration number: Iranian registry of clinical trials. IRCT Id: IRCT20160808029255N4.Trial registration date: 17th September 2018.Date of first patient's enrollment: 19th September 2018.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2021.2008075.

The effects of self-care education based on the health literacy index on self-care and quality of life among menopausal women: a randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: Aging is associated with many different health-related challenges for women such as menopause and its associated problems. Self-care (SC) is a factor with potential effects on menopause and its consequences. SC education based on health literacy has the potential to improve menopausal women's SC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SC education based on the health literacy index (HLI) on SC and quality of life (QOL) among menopausal women. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Iran. Participants were 100 menopausal women purposively recruited from five comprehensive healthcare centers in the south of Tehran. They were randomly allocated to a control and an intervention group through block randomization. Intervention was an HLI-based SC education program implemented in four 1.5-hour weekly sessions through the lecture, group discussion, and question and answer methods. Data were collected before and eight weeks after the intervention using a demographic questionnaire, the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults scale, the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Menopausal Self-Care Questionnaire. The SPSS software (v. 22.0) was used to analyze the data through the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, paired-sample t, and the independent-sample t tests as well as the analysis of covariance at a significance level of less than 0.05. FINDINGS: There were no significant differences between the intervention and the control groups respecting the pretest mean scores of QOL (88.15 ± 32.36 vs. 79.6 ± 36.99) and SC (104.75 ± 12.31 vs. 103.32 ± 13.8) (P > 0.05). However, the posttest mean scores of QOL and SC in the intervention group significantly differed from the control group (66.44 ± 28.41vs. 81.3 ± 38.04 and 125.6 ± 11.23 vs. 102.6 ± 14.34) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HLI-based SC education is effective in significantly improving menopausal women's QOL and SC and can be used to improve health-related outcomes among menopausal women. Clinical trial registration This research was registered (24/03/2020) in the www.thaiclinicaltrials.org with registration number: TCTR20200324002.

Motivation for protection in sexual relationship during the COVID-19 quarantine: analysis of the sociodemographic variables of the Iranian population.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus is an infectious disease that has affected sexual life. Sexual activity has decreased for many people, and couples' physical contact has reduced. The present study aimed to determine the sexual relationship of Iranian people and related factors during the Corona home quarantine by focusing on all constructs of the protective motivation theory. METHODS: This cross-sectional online survey was conducted on Iranian people under in-home quarantine from July to December 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic. Seven hundred sixteen people were selected by the convenience sampling method. The data was gathered by an ad-hoc tool consisting of demographic information and sexual relationship regarding protection motivation behavior in the Covid-19 pandemic. Participants should be able to complete the online questionnaire because the questionnaires were completed online. One-way ANOVA, independent T, and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyze the data in SPSS 16 software. RESULTS: Findings indicate the average age of the participants was 37.78 + 8.34 years. Most of them were women (%85.1), married (%91.3) and had a university education (%90.2). In addition, %42.5% of participants had Full-time jobs and %34.2 lived in Tehran. 49.9% obtained information about corona from TV. 63.3% of the participants and their spouses did not catch Covid-19. Employment status was the only variable that was significantly different from sexual relationships regarding protection motivation (p = 0.031). Perceived response efficiency with an average of 79.12 had the highest, and perceived self-efficacy with an average of 69.92 had the lowest mean score among the areas of sexual relationship. Among the protection motivation domains of sexual behavior that all had significant correlations, there was no significant correlation between perceived severity and perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.067). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION: Perceived vulnerability is associated with employment status, place of residence, and age. Sexual relationships regarding protection motivations are only associated with employment status. Overall, participants in the present study reported high levels of perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, perceived response efficiency, and perceived costs Therefore, they reported a high level of motivation for protective and preventive behaviors in their sexual relationship. Our findings suggest that future interventions should focus on general cognition by developing appropriate knowledge about the severity and vulnerability of Covid-19 and sexual behaviors, improving perceived response efficiency, and self-efficacy of protective behavior through skills training.

The effect of olive cream on pain and healing of caesarean section wounds: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the effect of olive cream on the severity of pain and healing of caesarean section wounds. METHOD: This study is a parallel randomised clinical trial that was conducted on women who had caesarean sections at Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital in Arak, Iran. Women were assigned to intervention, placebo and control groups by a block randomisation method. Women in the intervention and placebo groups were asked to use olive cream and placebo cream, respectively, twice a day from the second day after surgery to the tenth day. The wound healing score and pain intensity score were assessed using the REEDA and VAS scales, respectively, before and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS: The intervention group consisted of 34 women, the placebo group of 34 women and the control group of 35 women. We found a statistically significant difference between the intervention and placebo groups, intervention and control groups, and placebo and control groups in terms of the pain intensity (p<0.05 in all three cases). Also, we found a statistically significant difference between the intervention and placebo groups, and intervention and control groups in terms of the scores of wound healing on the tenth day after surgery (p<0.05 in both cases). CONCLUSION: Olive cream can be effective in relieving pain and enhancing caesarean section wound healing, and since no specific side effects were reported, the use of olive cream is recommended.

Knowledge and practice of nursing students regarding bioterrorism and emergency preparedness: comparison of the effects of simulations and workshop.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Bioterrorism is a global threat. Nurses are one of the first groups that should be ready for it. College years are the best time to educate these issues. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of simulation and workshop on knowledge and practice of nursing students regarding bioterrorism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an experimental study. The study sample consisted of 40 last-year nursing students who were randomly assigned to two groups by using random numbers table. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, bioterrorism knowledge scale, and an OSCE checklist. Before the intervention, the students completed the study questionnaires and a six-station OSCE test. The workshop group (20 students) learned how to deal with bioterrorism through lectures. The simulation group (20 students) participated in a simulation learning program. After one month, the students completed the study tools again. Finally, collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS V.16. RESULTS: The difference between the knowledge and performance scores of both groups (workshop and simulation), before and after the intervention, was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Students in both groups had higher knowledge and performance scores after the intervention. The simulation group scores were higher than the workshop group scores in the knowledge and the most of performance domains. CONCLUSION: The simulation group had better results in terms of enhancing knowledge, preparedness, disaster triage, reporting, incident management, communication, mental disorders, and isolation domains compared to the workshop group.

The relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior among nurses in iran during COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Caring for patients during a pandemic can be difficult for healthcare workers, the patients themselves, and healthcare systems. Nurses are expected to recognize ethical dilemmas and make sound judgments when confronted with them. Sensitizing nurses to ethical issues strengthen their ability to identify ethical dilemmas and make ethical choices. As a result, this study aimed to determine a relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior among nurses during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. METHOD: The current study is a cross-sectional study of 406 nurses who worked in a single hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic. We used a demographic questionnaire and the caring behavior inventory (CBI) tool to collect data online. The data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics. FINDINGS: Eighty-three point seven percent of participants in this study were female, and 71.9% were married. 47.5% reported caring for a COVID-19 patient for longer than a month; their average work experience was 13.1 years. Additionally, Moral Sensitivity correlated positively with caring behavior and its dimensions (r = 0.164, P = 0.001). However, a significant and inverse link existed between the dimension "following the rules" and the nurse's caring conduct (r = -0.117, P = 0.019). CONCLUSION: During the pandemic, nurses' moral sensitivity was moderate and significantly connected with their caring behavior. Because nurses encounter numerous obstacles while caring for patients in critical conditions, they require ethical empowerment to perform correctly, as caring behavior improves with increased moral sensitivity.

Effect of short-term psychological intervention on anxiety of pregnant women with positive screening results for chromosomal disorders: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities is a critical and stressful event for women. Most pregnant women are concerned about fetal abnormalities and screening tests. Due to the importance of anxiety reduction in pregnant women, this study was conducted to determine the effect of short-term psychological intervention on the anxiety of pregnant women with positive screening results for chromosomal disorders. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was performed on women referred to Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran, who had positive screening results for chromosomal abnormalities. Participants were selected from eligible individuals by a continuous method and were assigned to two groups of cognitive-behavioral training (n = 46) and control (n = 46), using the block balanced randomization method. Participants in the cognitive-behavioral training group received 4 sessions of individual counseling. The control group received routine pregnancy visits. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was completed before the intervention and immediately at the end of the intervention (before receiving the amniocentesis result). The analysis of intervention effects was performed as intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in post-intervention state anxiety scores and trait anxiety scores (p <  0.001) between the intervention and control groups, when their means were adjusted for pre-intervention scores for both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. Also, there was a large effect size between the groups in terms of state (ITT: ηp2 = 0.63, PP: ηp2 = 0.71) and trait (ITT: ηp2 = 0.72, PP: ηp2 = 0.75) anxiety scores clinically for both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. The intervention group had a statistically significant and large decrease in state and trait anxiety scores from pretrial to post-trial. In contrast, the control group had a statistically significant and medium increase in state and trait anxiety scores from pretrial to post-trial. CONCLUSION: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral training reduced the anxiety of pregnant women with positive screening results for chromosomal disorders. According to the results, it is recommended to hold cognitive-behavioral training classes to reduce the anxiety of pregnant women with a positive screening result for chromosomal disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT.ir: IRCT20180427039436N7 ; date of registration: 24/08/2020 2020-08-24.

Acceptability and safety of the menstrual cups among Iranian women: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Menstrual cup is one of the menstrual management products that is available throughout the world and can be effective in improving women's quality of life by empowering women in menstrual management. Although menstrual cups have recently entered the Iranian market, the use of this product is limited among women. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability and safety of menstrual cups among Iranian women. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020. Iranian women between the ages of 18 and 50 with regular menstrual periods who used the menstrual cup at least for three months were included. Participants were selected through continuous sampling, and they completed a web-based questionnaire including a demographic characteristics form as well as checklists on acceptability and safety through a link sent electronically via social media. RESULTS: The mean score of the overall satisfaction with the cup was 6.54 ± 0.76, and the leakage had the lowest mean score among the satisfaction items (5.25 ± 1.63). About 83% of participants reported experiencing menstrual cup leakage. Among the reported health risks, the highest mean score was for vaginal pain during removal (23.9%). Most participants (83.9%) were familiar with the cup via social networks and 98.6% recommended this product to other women. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of acceptability and safety of the menstrual cup showed that this product is a suitable alternative for menstrual management in Iranian women. The results of the study help healthcare providers to learn more about the potential advantages and disadvantages of using cup and create trust in the menstrual cup use based on the results of local evidence-based research.