Lacticaseibacillus pabuli sp. nov., isolated from fermented cattle feed.

Strain BSF-3MT is a Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated, facultative anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from fermented feed collected at a cattle farm in the Daejeon region of the Republic of Korea. It was studied using polyphasic taxonomic methods. Using 16S rRNA gene sequences and the resulting phylogenetic tree, the strain was primarily identified as a member of the genus Lacticaseibacillus. Strain BSF-3MT contained a chromosome of 2.5 Mbp and a plasmid of 33.4 kbp. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 51.3 mol%. Strain BSF-3MT had the highest ortho-average nucleotide identity value of 73.7 % with Lacticaseibacillus songhuajiangensis 7-19T, its closest relative in the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the phylogenomic tree based on up-to-date bacterial core genes. Based on the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain BSF-3MT represents a novel species in the genus Lacticaseibacillus, for which the name Lacticaseibacillus pabuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BSF-3MT (=KACC 23028T=NBRC 116014T).

Microbacterium horticulturae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from flowerpot soil.

Strain CJN36-1NT, a Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated, strictly aerobic and short rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from flowerpot soil sampled in the Jeonju region of the Republic of Korea. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the resulting phylogenetic tree, the strain belonged to the genus Microbacterium. Strain CJN36-1NT contained a chromosome of 3.6 Mbp with a G+C content of 68.5 mol%. The strain grew at 10-37 °C (optimally at 28 °C), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimally at pH 8.0), and in the presence of 0-7 % NaCl (w/v; optimally with 0 % NaCl). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity values between strain CJN36-1NT and its closest related species, Microbacterium protaetiae DFW100M-13T, were 82.0, 81.2, and 23.2 %, respectively. We propose naming this novel species Microbacterium horticulturae sp. nov., with CJN36-1NT (=KACC 23027T=NBRC 116065T) as the type strain.

Faecalibacterium taiwanense sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.

Two Gram-stain-negative, straight rods, non-motile, asporogenous, catalase-negative and obligately anaerobic butyrate-producing strains, HLW78T and CYL33, were isolated from faecal samples of two healthy Taiwanese adults. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and DNA mismatch repair protein MutL (mutL) gene sequences revealed that these two novel strains belonged to the genus Faecalibacterium. On the basis of 16S rRNA and mutL gene sequence similarities, the type strains Faecalibacterium butyricigenerans AF52-21T(98.3-98.1 % and 79.0-79.5 % similarity), Faecalibacterium duncaniae A2-165T(97.8-97.9 % and 70.9-80.1 %), Faecalibacterium hattorii APC922/41-1T(97.1-97.3 % and 80.3-80.5 %), Faecalibacterium longum CM04-06T(97.8-98.0% and 78.3 %) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ATCC 27768T(97.3-97.4 % and 82.7-82.9 %) were the closest neighbours to the novel strains HLW78T and CYL33. Strains HLW78T and CYL33 had 99.4 % both the 16S rRNA and mutL gene sequence similarities, 97.9 % average nucleotide identity (ANI), 96.3 % average amino acid identity (AAI), and 80.5 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values, indicating that these two strains are members of the same species. Phylogenomic tree analysis indicated that strains HLW78T and CYL33 formed an independent robust cluster together with F. prausnitzii ATCC 27768T. The ANI, AAI and dDDH values between strain HLW78T and its closest neighbours were below the species delineation thresholds of 77.6-85.1 %, 71.4-85.2 % and 28.3-30.9 %, respectively. The two novel strains could be differentiated from the type strains of their closest Faecalibacterium species based on their cellular fatty acid compositions, which contained C18 : 1 ω7c and lacked C15 : 0 and C17 : 1 ω6c, respectively. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic test results demonstrated that the two novel strains HLW78T and CYL33 represented a single, novel species within the genus Faecalibacterium, for which the name Faecalibacterium taiwanense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HLW78T (=BCRC 81397T=NBRC 116372T).

Phytohabitans aurantiacus sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil.

A novel actinomycete, designated RD004123T, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Hokkaido, Japan, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain RD004123T fell within the cluster of the family Micromonosporaceae but did not form a reliable cluster with any member of the family. The similarity values between strain RD004123T and the type species of 29 genera in the family Micromonosporaceae were 91.7-97.7 %. Meanwhile, phylogenomic analyses indicated that strain RD004123T was closely related to members of the genus Phytohabitans. Strain RD004123T contained both meso-diaminopimelic acid and l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acids of the peptidoglycan. The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-10(H8) and MK-10(H6), and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 :  0, iso-C16 :  0, iso-C15 :  0 and C17 :  0. The detected polar lipids were phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. These chemotaxonomic features corresponded to those of the genus Phytohabitans. Meanwhile, the results of genome comparison analyses and phenotypic characterizations distinguished strain RD004123T from the other members of the genus Phytohabitans. Therefore, strain RD004123T should be assigned as representing a novel species of the genus Phytohabitans, for which the name Phytohabitans aurantiacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RD004123T (=NBRC 114997T=DSM 114330T).

Actinoplanes kirromycinicus sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A novel actinomycete, designated as TPMA0078T, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain TPMA0078T belongs to the genus Actinoplanes and is closely related to Actinoplanes regularis IFO 12514T (99.86% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The spores of strain TPMA0078T were motile, and the sporangia were cylindrical. The diamino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan of strain TPMA0078T were meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell sugars were glucose and mannose, with galactose as a minor component. The major cellular fatty acids identified were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and anteiso-C17:0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the principal polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. These chemotaxonomic properties of strain TPMA0078T were consistent with those of Actinoplanes. Meanwhile, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values showed low relatedness between strain TPMA0078T and A. regularis NBRC 12514T. Furthermore, several phenotypic properties of strain TPMA0078T distinguished it from those of closely related species. Based on its genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain TPMA0078T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the name Actinoplanes kirromycinicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TPMA0078T (=NBRC 116422T = TBRC 18262T).

Staphylococcus hsinchuensis sp. nov., Isolated from Soymilk.

A novel coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strain (H164T) was isolated from soymilk in Taiwan. Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the H164T strain is a member of the genus Staphylococcus. We used multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and phylogenomic analyses to demonstrate that the novel strain was closely related to Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus nepalensis, Staphylococcus cohnii, and Staphylococcus urealyuticus. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between H164T and its closest relatives were <95% and <70%, respectively. The H164T strain could also be distinguished from its closest relatives by the fermentation of d-fructose, d-maltose, d-trehalose, and d-mannitol, as well as by the activities of α-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase. The major cellular fatty acids were C15:0 iso and C15:0 anteiso, and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-8, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids and predominant menaquinones were C15:0 iso and C15:0 anteiso and MK-7 and MK-8, respectively. In conclusion, this strain represents a novel species, named Staphylococcus hsinchuensis sp. nov., with the type strain H164T (=BCRC 81404T = NBRC 116174T).